Network Discovery Tool
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1 Bestin Jose Mahesh Kumar Shyamsunder Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institue of Technology Bombay November 28, 2004
2 1 Problem Statement 2 Introduction to Netdisco Features of NetDisco 3 4 5
3 Problem Statement To implement the algorithm which discovers the network topology information and give it to NetDisco tool. Netdisco then uses this information to moniter and manage the network.
4 Problem Statement To implement the algorithm which discovers the network topology information and give it to NetDisco tool. Netdisco then uses this information to moniter and manage the network.
5 What is NetDisco Problem Statement Introduction to Netdisco Features of NetDisco Netdisco is an Open Source web-based network management tool. ed for moderate to large networks. Configuration information and connection data for network devices are retrieved using SNMP protocol. With Netdisco you can locate the switch port of an end-user system by IP or MAC address.
6 Screenshot of NetDisco Introduction to Netdisco Features of NetDisco screenshot_03.jpg (JPEG Image, 640x473 pixels)
7 Features of NetDisco Switch Ports Problem Statement Introduction to Netdisco Features of NetDisco Central Location to disable/enable switch ports. MAC Address to switch port resolution IP Address to switch port resolution Find Switch Ports with multiple nodes attached Find nodes using multiple IP addresses
8 Features contd. Problem Statement Introduction to Netdisco Features of NetDisco Easy Administration: Controllable through Web Interface or Command Line Interface(CLI). Database store for scalability and speed. Easily extendible to new devices. Network Administration and Security: Automatic inventory and search of network hardware. Duplex Mismatch Finder. Layer Two Traceroute.
9 Features contd. Problem Statement Introduction to Netdisco Features of NetDisco Easy Administration: Controllable through Web Interface or Command Line Interface(CLI). Database store for scalability and speed. Easily extendible to new devices. Network Administration and Security: Automatic inventory and search of network hardware. Duplex Mismatch Finder. Layer Two Traceroute.
10 Features contd. Problem Statement Introduction to Netdisco Features of NetDisco Reporting: Graphing of network topology. Clickable image-map of devices. Link speed shown. Statistics for number of actual nodes connected to network. Inventory of Network Devices: By Operating System (IOS,CatOS,HP...) By Model, Vendor, OSI Layer, DNS Name Find device ports that are blocking (via Spanning Tree Protocol) Find devices using IP s w/out DNS entries
11 Features contd. Problem Statement Introduction to Netdisco Features of NetDisco Reporting: Graphing of network topology. Clickable image-map of devices. Link speed shown. Statistics for number of actual nodes connected to network. Inventory of Network Devices: By Operating System (IOS,CatOS,HP...) By Model, Vendor, OSI Layer, DNS Name Find device ports that are blocking (via Spanning Tree Protocol) Find devices using IP s w/out DNS entries
12 Problem Statement Netdisco autodiscovers devices which support CDP protocol. However, many networks have parts of the topology that are not covered by CDP. We need to fill the information of the devices which does not suppot CDP protocol in netdisco-topology.txt. Our Work To discover the network topology and give the topology information in the format required by Netdisco. For this we will use SNMP protocol.
13 Problem Statement Netdisco autodiscovers devices which support CDP protocol. However, many networks have parts of the topology that are not covered by CDP. We need to fill the information of the devices which does not suppot CDP protocol in netdisco-topology.txt. Our Work To discover the network topology and give the topology information in the format required by Netdisco. For this we will use SNMP protocol.
14 format of netdisco-topology.txt file Let s say you have two CDP speaking devices with a non-cdp speaking device in between them. CISCO BAY HP topology file: ciscoswitch.my.company link:21,bayswitch.my.company,25 bayswitch.my.company link:26,hpswitch.my.company,12
15 Snmp ptotocol Problem Statement SNMP is a protocol designed to give remote management access to a Network device. Features: Enable/disable a port Checks health and performance of the network. Access control. Error statistics etc...
16 Snmp ptotocol Problem Statement SNMP is a protocol designed to give remote management access to a Network device. Features: Enable/disable a port Checks health and performance of the network. Access control. Error statistics etc...
17 Idea of the Algorithm Problem Statement 1 Represents the network by a collection of skeleton paths, Q, between pairs of nodes belonging to the same subnet. 2 Iteratively refines Q to provide more accurate topology information for the network.
18 Idea of the Algorithm Problem Statement 1 Represents the network by a collection of skeleton paths, Q, between pairs of nodes belonging to the same subnet. 2 Iteratively refines Q to provide more accurate topology information for the network.
19 Flow diagram for the Algorithm IDLE STATE START PATH REFINEMENT STATE Collecting Routers, switches and subnet information REQUIREMENTS GATHERING STATE COMPUTING CONSTRAINTS ON EACH PATH REFINING PATHS Collecting AFT Information comment: REFINING PATHS UNTIL NO REFINEMENT IS POSSIBLE COMPUTING INITIAL SKELETON INFORMATION COMPUTE ACTUAL CONNECTIONS
20 Router Information Constraints: address You need to know atleast One Router IP Idea: Repeatedly find the neighboring routers of the currently known routers until no new routers are discovered. Implementation: The neighboring routers of a router R are the set of routers that are next hops for some destination in the iproutetable in MIB-II in R. Shell Command: snmpwalk -0s -c public -v iproutetable Perl Module: Net::SNMP::Hostinfo module
21 Router Information Constraints: address You need to know atleast One Router IP Idea: Repeatedly find the neighboring routers of the currently known routers until no new routers are discovered. Implementation: The neighboring routers of a router R are the set of routers that are next hops for some destination in the iproutetable in MIB-II in R. Shell Command: snmpwalk -0s -c public -v iproutetable Perl Module: Net::SNMP::Hostinfo module
22 Router Information Constraints: address You need to know atleast One Router IP Idea: Repeatedly find the neighboring routers of the currently known routers until no new routers are discovered. Implementation: The neighboring routers of a router R are the set of routers that are next hops for some destination in the iproutetable in MIB-II in R. Shell Command: snmpwalk -0s -c public -v iproutetable Perl Module: Net::SNMP::Hostinfo module
23 Router Information Constraints: address You need to know atleast One Router IP Idea: Repeatedly find the neighboring routers of the currently known routers until no new routers are discovered. Implementation: The neighboring routers of a router R are the set of routers that are next hops for some destination in the iproutetable in MIB-II in R. Shell Command: snmpwalk -0s -c public -v iproutetable Perl Module: Net::SNMP::Hostinfo module
24 Router Information Constraints: address You need to know atleast One Router IP Idea: Repeatedly find the neighboring routers of the currently known routers until no new routers are discovered. Implementation: The neighboring routers of a router R are the set of routers that are next hops for some destination in the iproutetable in MIB-II in R. Shell Command: snmpwalk -0s -c public -v iproutetable Perl Module: Net::SNMP::Hostinfo module
25 contd.. Switch Information A interface of the router connects one subnet to the network. Idea: The IP addresses of the subnet can be determined by knowing the IP address of the interface. Implementation: The IP address of the interface is obtained using ipaddrtable in MIB-II. The subnet entities are computed by enumerating the ip addresses in the subnet corresponding to the IP address of the interface. From the ipnettomediatable we can find subnet,mac address, system name and the number of ports. We determine whether a particular ip address is a device by checking ipforwarding flag or system.sysservice variables. Perl Module: Net::SNMP::Hostinfo module
26 contd.. Switch Information A interface of the router connects one subnet to the network. Idea: The IP addresses of the subnet can be determined by knowing the IP address of the interface. Implementation: The IP address of the interface is obtained using ipaddrtable in MIB-II. The subnet entities are computed by enumerating the ip addresses in the subnet corresponding to the IP address of the interface. From the ipnettomediatable we can find subnet,mac address, system name and the number of ports. We determine whether a particular ip address is a device by checking ipforwarding flag or system.sysservice variables. Perl Module: Net::SNMP::Hostinfo module
27 contd.. Switch Information A interface of the router connects one subnet to the network. Idea: The IP addresses of the subnet can be determined by knowing the IP address of the interface. Implementation: The IP address of the interface is obtained using ipaddrtable in MIB-II. The subnet entities are computed by enumerating the ip addresses in the subnet corresponding to the IP address of the interface. From the ipnettomediatable we can find subnet,mac address, system name and the number of ports. We determine whether a particular ip address is a device by checking ipforwarding flag or system.sysservice variables. Perl Module: Net::SNMP::Hostinfo module
28 contd.. Switch Information A interface of the router connects one subnet to the network. Idea: The IP addresses of the subnet can be determined by knowing the IP address of the interface. Implementation: The IP address of the interface is obtained using ipaddrtable in MIB-II. The subnet entities are computed by enumerating the ip addresses in the subnet corresponding to the IP address of the interface. From the ipnettomediatable we can find subnet,mac address, system name and the number of ports. We determine whether a particular ip address is a device by checking ipforwarding flag or system.sysservice variables. Perl Module: Net::SNMP::Hostinfo module
29 contd.. Switch Information A interface of the router connects one subnet to the network. Idea: The IP addresses of the subnet can be determined by knowing the IP address of the interface. Implementation: The IP address of the interface is obtained using ipaddrtable in MIB-II. The subnet entities are computed by enumerating the ip addresses in the subnet corresponding to the IP address of the interface. From the ipnettomediatable we can find subnet,mac address, system name and the number of ports. We determine whether a particular ip address is a device by checking ipforwarding flag or system.sysservice variables. Perl Module: Net::SNMP::Hostinfo module
30 contd.. Address Forwarding Table(AFT) information Now we got all the MAC addresses of routers and switch in the system. Every Port of a switch or router has Address forwarding table. Definition: AFT for a port is the set of MAC addresses that have been seen as source addresses on frames received at that port. Constraint: AFT information should be complete. AFT info is complete if it contains MAC addresses of all switches and routers from which frames can be received at that particular port. Implementation: Perl Module SNMP::Info::Bridge.
31 contd.. Address Forwarding Table(AFT) information Now we got all the MAC addresses of routers and switch in the system. Every Port of a switch or router has Address forwarding table. Definition: AFT for a port is the set of MAC addresses that have been seen as source addresses on frames received at that port. Constraint: AFT information should be complete. AFT info is complete if it contains MAC addresses of all switches and routers from which frames can be received at that particular port. Implementation: Perl Module SNMP::Info::Bridge.
32 contd.. Address Forwarding Table(AFT) information Now we got all the MAC addresses of routers and switch in the system. Every Port of a switch or router has Address forwarding table. Definition: AFT for a port is the set of MAC addresses that have been seen as source addresses on frames received at that port. Constraint: AFT information should be complete. AFT info is complete if it contains MAC addresses of all switches and routers from which frames can be received at that particular port. Implementation: Perl Module SNMP::Info::Bridge.
33 contd.. Address Forwarding Table(AFT) information Now we got all the MAC addresses of routers and switch in the system. Every Port of a switch or router has Address forwarding table. Definition: AFT for a port is the set of MAC addresses that have been seen as source addresses on frames received at that port. Constraint: AFT information should be complete. AFT info is complete if it contains MAC addresses of all switches and routers from which frames can be received at that particular port. Implementation: Perl Module SNMP::Info::Bridge.
34 contd.. Address Forwarding Table(AFT) information Now we got all the MAC addresses of routers and switch in the system. Every Port of a switch or router has Address forwarding table. Definition: AFT for a port is the set of MAC addresses that have been seen as source addresses on frames received at that port. Constraint: AFT information should be complete. AFT info is complete if it contains MAC addresses of all switches and routers from which frames can be received at that particular port. Implementation: Perl Module SNMP::Info::Bridge.
35 contd.. Address Forwarding Table(AFT) information Now we got all the MAC addresses of routers and switch in the system. Every Port of a switch or router has Address forwarding table. Definition: AFT for a port is the set of MAC addresses that have been seen as source addresses on frames received at that port. Constraint: AFT information should be complete. AFT info is complete if it contains MAC addresses of all switches and routers from which frames can be received at that particular port. Implementation: Perl Module SNMP::Info::Bridge.
36 Original Network Topology Problem Statement x 1 2 e 3 f 1 r s a b 1 q 1 c 2 1 y 1 1 d f 1 1 b
37 contd. Problem Statement s1 a1, a2, b1, b2, c1,c2, d1,d2 t1 S1 a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, c2, d1, d2 T1 x1 b1, b2,c1,c2, e2,e1 y1 X1 E2 e1 b1, b2, c1, c2 y1 u1 b1, b2, c1, c2, d1, d2, e3, e1 v1 u1 e2 e1 b1, b2 c1, c2 d1 d2 v1 r1 a1, a2, b1, b2 q1 r1 a1, a2, b1, b2 q1 Skeleton Paths After first Iteration
38 contd. Problem Statement s1 a1 a2 b1 b2 c1 c2 d1 d2 t1 x1 e1 e2 b1, b2, c1,c2 y1 u1 e2 e1 b1, b2, c1, c2 d1 d2 v1 r1 a1, a2, b1,b2 q1 After second iteration
39 contd. Problem Statement s1 a1 a2 b1 b2 c1 c2 d1 d2 t1 x1 e1 e2 b1 b2 c1 c2 y1 u1 e2 e1 b1 b2 c1 c2 d1 d2 v1 r1 a1 a2 b1 b2 q1 After third iteration
40 contd. Problem Statement r1 e1 q1 a1 a2 b1 b2 c1 s1 d1 u1 e2 x1 c2 y1 d2 Resulting Connections t1 e3 u1
41 We will be using perl language for implementation. The perl modules which will be used are: NET::SNMP Net::SNMP is a collection of various tools relating to the snmp including: An SNMP library Tools to request or set information from SNMP agents. Tools to generate and handle SNMP traps etc.. FUNCTIONS: snmpget, snmpset, snmpwalk, snmpgetnext, snmpstatus snmpnetstat, snmptable, snmptranslate etc...
42 contd. SNMP::INFO Perl5 module to network devices through snmp. SNMP::INFO gives an object oriented interface to information obtained through SNMP. SUB-CLASSES: SNMP::INFO::BRIDGE, SNMP::INFO::CDP, SNMP::INFO::ETHERLIKE, SNMP::INFO::LAYER1 SNMP::INFO::LAYER2, SNMP::INFO::LAYER3, SNMP::INFO::MAU METHODS: device type(), uptime(), name(), ports(), interfaces() etc...
43 References Problem Statement 1 Physical Topology Discovery for Large Multi-Subnet Networks. Yigal Bejerano, Yuri Breitbart, Minos Garofalakis, Rajeev Rastogi. Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies 2 Topology Discovery in Heterogeneous IP Networks. Yuri Breitbart, Minos Garofalakis, Cliff Martin, Rajeev Rastogi, S. Seshadri, Avi Silberschatz. Information Sciences Research Center Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies
IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING, VOL. 12, NO. 3, JUNE 2004 401
IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING, VOL. 12, NO. 3, JUNE 2004 401 Topology Discovery in Heterogeneous IP Networks: The NetInventory System Yuri Breitbart, Minos Garofalakis, Member, IEEE, Ben Jai, Cliff
Additional Information: A link to the conference website is available at: http://www.curtin.edu.my/cutse2008/index.html
Citation: Veeramani, S. and Gopal, Lenin. 2008. Network monitoring tool, in Curtin University of Technology (ed), Curtin University of Technology Science and Engineering International Conference CUTSE
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