The Land Partnerships Handbook. The Land Partnerships Handbook. Using land to unlock business innovation. Second Edition

Transcription

1 Th Land Parnrships Handbook Using land o unlock businss innovaion Scond Ediion

2 Using land o unlock businss innovaion Conns 04 Wha is h Land Parnrships approach? 06 Sp 1: Taking sock 08 Sp 2: Finding h righ mach 10 Sp 3: Craing a balancd agrmn 12 Sp 4: Slcing a lgal framwork 16 Sp 5: Thinking long rm Cas sudis: farmrs who hav akn h sp 18 A join vnur 19 Shar farming 20 Communiy farming 21 Small scal nancis/ Farming scholarships 22 A blndd approach 23 Coopraiv conracing agrmns 23 Sriking ou alon Jon and Lynn Prkin, a Old Parsonag Farm on h Daringon Hall Trus Esa, on a nw 20-yar nancy. Acknowldgmns Th Land Parnrships Group is dlighd o bring you h scond diion of h Land Parnrships Handbook. A gra dal has happnd sinc h firs handbook from LandShar CIC and h Daringon Hall Trus in 2011 and his nw diion covrs hs changs. W coninu o pracis srong parnrship ourslvs and would lik o hank our mmbrs Blak Morgan, Daringon, 3 Kl, 3D Rural, Erns Cook Trus, Frsh Sar, Jams Copman & Co, Naional Trus and h Soil Associaion for rmaining aciv in all our work and for sharing hir knowldg and xpris so willingly. W ar also graful o h Elizabh Crak Chariabl Trus who providd h funding for h r-wri and producion of his scond diion and h rsuling Land Parnrships Road Shows. Thir suppor mans w can now xnd our work and rach mor land nrprnurs and ownrs. Land Parnrships is par of a group of projcs run by h Frsh Sar Land Enrpris Cnr whr i now sis alongsid businss raining, mnoring and machmaking. This nw CIC has bn crad by Tom Curis, Jams Copman and Alison Rick all conac dails can b found on Forword Roly and Camilla Puzy Saddlscomb Farm, Ws Sussx Wih h public s growing inrs in food and farming hr could no b a mor xciing im o g ino farming. Howvr, wih ha coms siff compiion and high rns. Th ky facor ha has nabld us o sablish and grow our farming businss was finding and working wih a landlord who shars our nhusiasm for wha is imporan o h way w farm produciv agriculur, working wih naur and sharing i wih h local communiy. An agrmn which is producd by BOTH paris followd by rgular fac-o-fac communicaion (no mails or lrs) is absoluly vial. W only wish his handbook had bn availabl whn w firs bgan looking round for opporuniis, o mak us awar of wha is possibl and giv us h framwork and sp-by-sp approach o ging sard. Foono Sinc h firs diion of h Land Parnrships Handbook, Roly and Camilla hav movd o h Naional Trus s Saddlscomb Farm a Dvil s Dyk jus fiv mils ousid Brighon in Ws Sussx. Thir businss coninus o go from srngh o srngh a flock of hundrds of ws, w lambs, rams and lambs now happily grazs h Souh Downs, h hills forming h backdrop o bd and brakfas, farm visis and nhusiass rying hir hand a bing shphrd for h day. W nd craiv and skilld popl in farming and w nd o hlp hm gain accss o land so ha hy can dvlop divrs nrpriss. Th Land Parnrships approach clarly splls ou how w can do his in pracic and h bnfis ha hs rlaionships can offr o boh paris. Hln Browning OBE, Chif Excuiv Soil Associaion Covr imags Mark Lord Phoography, Naional Trus Imags/Jams Dobson/ Pnny Twdi/Arnhl d Srra, Chris Rick, Lmlca/Dramsim.com Making good progrss Lord Donald Curry of Kirkharl KB CBE FRAgS I is ssnial ha w mainain a divrs and hriving farming indusry. To achiv succss and ncourag mor farming businsss o sar and dvlop, w rquir ambiious and innovaiv nw farmrs from a rang of backgrounds. This has o b balancd wih hos who ar willing and abl o offr a diffrn approach whn i coms o considring land agrmn opions. Sinc h incpion of his handbook in 2011, hr has bn a noicabl chang owards larning mor abou a variy of opions in managing land and a rang of businss agrmns, bu i rmains a slow ransiion. In raliy, a slcion of agrmn modls ough o b considrd by all paris as a mar of cours wihou simply rvring o a radiional modl bcaus i s quickr or mor convnin. This scond diion of h handbook coninus o provid clar sps on collaboraiv approachs bwn landownrs and nrprnurs and is suppord by a slcion of cas sudis o show innovaion in acion. Th parnrship bhind his book, along wih suppor and backing from across h indusry, provs w can work oghr and ponially mak a lasing chang in how w capur aln, shar knowldg and maximis susainabl land us in an invigorad mannr. So l s challng ourslvs o cra ha brighr fuur for our indusry

3 Wha is h Land Parnrships approach? Our approach This handbook is srucurd around a fiv-sp procss dsignd o addrss h chnical and rlaionship-building aspcs of craing a srong businss-o-businss arrangmn. Each sp mphasiss a criical lmn of h approach, as in h diagram blow. Our mphasis is on craing sound businss rlaionships wih all paris aking h iniiaiv. Sp 1: Taking sock Making a clar assssmn of h asss you hav a your disposal, and wha you would lik o achiv wih hm This handbook dscribs our approach o hlp landownrs idnify and parcl ou land and buildings on which land nrprnurs can sablish nw, indpndn businsss. Th approach placs srong mphasis on h procss of forming and mainaining sound businss-o-businss rlaionships. Lgal agrmns ar an imporan par of his procss bu hy ar sn as a follow-on o h formulaion of a good businss dal. W show how you can Landownrs n La carr farmrs, hinking abou succssion, planning o wind down from som of h pracical aspcs of running a farm, or o pass on xprinc o a nw gnraion n Nw landownrs, who wan o s hir land usd pracically and gainfully, bu who ar no abl o farm h land hmslvs n Aciv farmrs, wih land, who wish o divrsify hir businss wihou h risks and complxiis involvd wih sablishing and running svral businsss a onc n Esa ownrs or managrs who hav idnifid a gap in hir sa sysm n Landowning russ or chariis wishing o find cos-ffciv ways of achiving hir social or nvironmnal objcivs us a spcrum of lgal modls o cra ffciv land parnrships, according o h naur and nds of h businsss involvd. Th approach is primarily aimd a sing up nw lings, conracs or join vnurs bu i can also b usd for h craiv rviw or r-ngoiaion of xising arrangmns. Wha maks h approach diffrn? Thr ar alrady narly 15,000 nan farmrs in h UK, working on mor han a hird of our agriculural land. Th Land Who is a ponial land parnr? Land nrprnurs n Young farmrs, wih h raining and xprinc o s up a nw farm businss, bu wihou h land or capial n Exprincd farmworkrs or land managrs, who hav dcidd o ak h sp up ino running hir own businss, bu who do no hav h capial o buy land n Popl wih a rlad businss background, such as food rail or horiculur, who ar kn o branch ou ino h businss of land-basd producion n Communiis or groups of consumrs who wish o s up or invs in a Communiy Suppord farm which will produc producs on hir bhalf. Parnrships approach builds on a long hriag of land nur, from modrn join vnurs and Farm Businss Tnancis, back o mdival common righs. Th convnional way o l land is for a landownr o advris a nancy opporuniy wih a rady-mad draf agrmn. Prospciv nans comp for slcion hrough a ndring procss. Th Land Parnrships approach will nd o diffr in rms of hos and procss: n Th hos of Land Parnrships is ssnially rciprocal, wih boh paris aking h iniiaiv o find ach ohr and o shap h naur of h businss dal islf. Th rsul is likly o b mor balancd, and mor sabl. n Th dails of wha is on offr from h landownr and wha is xpcd from h land nrprnur will b lss fixd. This lavs h procss opn o novl proposals and cras mor ponial for collaboraiv planning. n Dciding and agring h mos suiabl form of agrmn will b h nd poin of h procss. Luk Hasll and h ladr of his hrd. Luk formd a parnrship wih nighbour, Jim Twin, running wo farms as on uni and dvloping a numbr of ohr nrpriss on hir land wih local farmrs and growrs (s Th Communiy Farm on pag 20). Why is his usful? Th promis of a Land Parnrships approach lis in h bnfi i brings o boh paris. Encouraging landownrs and land nrprnurs o combin rsourcs o cra nw land nrpriss provids h ownr wih nw ways o divrsify hir opraion. And i givs land nrprnurs h chanc o apply and dvlop hir businss skills wihou h high cos of land purchas. Th oucoms migh includ br us of asss, ingraion of nrpriss, improvd risk managmn, diffrn ways of marking, or i may simply involv h craion of a nw businss. W hink ha opning up his spac for craiv nrprnurship is imporan. In a world of growing nds and shrinking rsourcs, w nd o musr as many smar and frsh idas as w can o mak bs us of h land. n Luk Hasll Sp 2: Finding h righ mach Ging h righ combinaion of land, popl, skills, and objcivs Sp 3: Craing a balancd agrmn Working ou how o shar h risks and rwards of nw land nrpriss Sp 4: Slcing a lgal framwork Mos of h rquird lgal and businss srucurs xis alrady. This is abou using rid and sd ools o cra novl oucoms Sp 5: Thinking long-rm Bing prpard for h inviabiliy of chang; craing opions, opimising rsourcs, and building businss rlaionships ha will sand h s of im Ponial land parnrs should us h handbook as a spping-off poin; o scop wha is involvd, o hlp xplor opions and o poin owards sourcs of mor daild and spcific informaion and advic

4 Sp 1: Taking sock Scruinis your own moivaions, asss and rquirmns bfor you look for a parnr. Whhr you ar h landownr or h land nrprnur, h Land Parnrships approach has o rsul in a viabl and ralisic businss arrangmn. Th aim is o gnra valu by bringing oghr complmnary asss, skills and aspiraions from boh paris. Th saring poin for making his happn is o b vry clar wha your own asss, skills and aspiraions ar. By aking sock bfor saring o look for a land parnr you will b abl o: n Communica wha you hav o offr, so ha you can arac h mos appropria parnrs n Draw up a focusd s of sarch criria so ha you can slc h bs land parnr for you and your businss n Idnify clar oucoms and paramrs agains which o valua ponial parnrships. Our ky rcommndaions for ging h mos ou of his procss of aking sock ar o: 1. Srucur your hinking W find i usful o do his undr hs hr hadings: Moivaions wha ar you in his for? Asss/Skills wha hav you go o offr? Rquirmns wha do you nd? I is vial you ar hons wih yourslf whn looking a your moivaion, asss and your rquirmns for a businss so you can sablish a sound bas o work from. B pragmaic in your approach. 2. Tak im Avoid simply plumping for h mos obvious answrs and conclusions. Th procss of rviwing your businss migh spark off nw idas and prspcivs. Do your own rsarch and, if possibl, spak wih ohrs who may hav similar approachs o h ons you ar inrsd in. 3. Discuss Wha do your family, collagus, land agn and ohr profssional advisrs hink? If i is a nw ida hy will nd all h facs bfor hm o mak a valud conribuion o h dba. 4. Balanc clariy agains bing oo prscripiv I s criical o b clar abou wha you ar looking for, bu you should rmain opn abou how you migh achiv Qusions o ask yourslf your objcivs. On of h bnfis of Land Parnrships is ha, by clubbing oghr wih anohr businss, you may discovr unxpcd soluions and opporuniis. Thinking abou risk Aiuds o risk, and prcpions of risk, hav a srong influnc on dcision making. In gnral i is naural for us o prciv aciviis w ar familiar wih as bing safr han hings ha ar nw. Bu any businss, whhr long-sablishd or an unrid sar-up, is xposd o risk. And in uncrain ims as w fac wih land nrpris aking a chanc on h nw migh jus pay off agains holding fas o an old businss modl. So i is imporan o mak an vn-handd assssmn of risk. Som risks will b familiar inrnal o h businss or capabl of bing managd, such as h divrsiy of incom, lgal complianc or bradh of h cusomr bas. Ohrs will b xrnal and lss conrollabl, such as inpu and commodiy coss, or h wahr. Som will b difficul o gaug, such as hos from novl nrpriss, young nrprnurs or unsd plans. Bu ha dosn man hy ar no worh aking. Th Land Parnrships approach ncourags boh paris o xamin hir appi for risk and o plan for uncrainy proacivly. Th dvlopmn of nw businsss will inroduc nw risks; bu h opporuniy o divrsify, ingra sysms and prhaps rduc off-farm inpus may offs ohrs. n If you r a landownr If you r a land nrprnur Moivaions n Is his abou building up a farm businss or scaling back your commimn? n Ar you looking for somon o dvlop a paricular businss opporuniy, or ar you opn o suggsions? n Is his par of a vision for h whol sa or a soluion for on parcl of land? n How hands-on or hands-off do you wan o b? n Is his a spping son o somhing ls or do you s his as a long-rm commimn? n Do you hav a prcis vision for a yp of farm or businss? n Is his a way of lif, a way o chang h world, or jus a way of making a living? n Ar you aiming for indpndnc or do you wan a clos businss parnrship? Naional Trus Imags/Jo Cornish I s criical o b clar abou wha you ar looking for, bu you should rmain opn abou how you migh achiv your objcivs. On of h bnfis of Land Parnrships is ha, by clubbing oghr wih anohr businss, you may discovr unxpcd soluions and opporuniis. Asss/Skills Rquirmns n Wha land, buildings and quipmn migh you wish o mak availabl? n Wha ohr businss inrss do you hav ha migh complmn a nw on? n Wha marks can you giv accss o? n Wha skills and xprinc migh you b willing o offr? n Is hr any infrasrucur ha you will nd o dvlop or upgrad bfor you can offr up land? n Do you nd h nw businss o provid a paricular srvic (sraw, muck, nrgy )? n Is hr a financial bnchmark you nd o mach? n Wha absolu rd lins do you hav? For xampl, hs migh rla o conracual commimns, gran or ax pifalls (s Lgal brifing on p15), or prsonal prfrncs. n Wha skills can you bring o h nw businss? Do hy jus rla o farming, or do hy includ rail, marking, communicaion or businss dvlopmn? n Do you hav quipmn or livsock? n How much capial do you hav accss o? n Wha s your businss ida? n Ar hr any skills or plans you nd o dvlop bfor looking for a land parnrship? n Dos his hav o provid you wih a living wag and do you nd a hous? n How much land/propry do you nd o g sard? And furhr down h lin? n Wha infrasrucur will you nd? n Ar you absoluly fixd on on businss ida? n Is your locaion prfrnc flxibl or fairly fixd if nding o incorpora facors such as family commimns? 06 07

5 Sp 2: Finding h righ mach Th righ mix of land, popl, skills and aspiraions forms h foundaion of any land nrpris arrangmn. Th aim of his sp, for boh h landownr and h aspiring land nrprnur, is o mak h mos of hir chancs of aracing h bs and mos compaibl land parnr. For boh paris his mans prsning your skills and asss in h bs ligh and o h righ sor of popl; undrsanding wha ohrs migh b looking for and, ulimaly, making a good choic abou who o work wih. In pracical rms his involvs wo hings: 1. Puing h word ou This is somhing o b sragic abou. Advrising can b an xpnsiv businss and i is imporan o balanc h nd o g xposur o los of popl agains slcivly ging in ouch wih h bs popl, wih h bs crdnials. Th firs and ponially mos ffciv avnus ar likly o b: n Prsonal and profssional nworks. I s qui likly ha you, a collagu or a local agn know somon, or know somon who knows somon. This Making h righ mach approach can giv you accss o rcommndaions and inllignc a lil cos. Anding local discussion or businss groups can also provid a widr nwork or sking ou and asking landownrs nar you. Bu if his is no succssful hn i maks sns o opn up h fild and shop around. n Th prss. This would mos likly involv a small-ad in h farming prss or in a local nwspapr. Alrnaivly, Land Parnrship opporuniis can and hav bn promod o h mdia as nws soris in hmslvs. n Brokrs. Thr is a wid rang of profssional and volunary organisaions who may know of ponial parnrs. Exampls migh includ firms of rural survyors, agriculural collgs or organisaions such as us hr a h Frsh Sar Land Enrpris Cnr or Land Mobiliy (Irland only). For h mos up-o-da lis go o Making conncions in prson is a good way of craing a crdibl firs imprssion bu h farming communiy is making mor and mor us of onlin forums, discussions and classifid ads for building up conncions. Thr is a raf of opporuniis ou hr o discovr bu i aks work o find hm. Qui ofn landownrs ar uncrain wha hy can offr and do no wan o invs in cosly advrising, whil land nrprnurs nd o b abl o sourc a rang of opions vn if i mans moving o achiv ha. Th Naional Fdraion of Young Farmrs commissiond rsarch ( ) suppord by DEFRA ino h provision of a Naional Maching Srvic. From his hy hav drmind ha pilos for a srvic should now sar. Th Frsh Sar Land Enrpris Cnr is lading wih jus such a schm. Go o our wbsi for h las updas and nws. Erns Cook Trus ( Caminada Land Managr, Olivr Dallyn, wih nan farmr, Rogr Gils-Ausin of Cally Farm on h Erns Cook Trus s Harwll Esa in Buckinghamshir. 2. Choosing Idally boh landownrs and land nrprnurs will b in a posiion o compar svral opions bfor making a choic. Our advic is o b boh mhodical and o us your insincs: n M, a las onc. Th nd for h land nrprnur o com ou o h land o m h landownr is obvious. W also find ha visis by h landownr, in h ohr dircion, can cra rvaling and diffrn convrsaions. Thy also hlp mphasis h wo-way naur of a ypical, succssful Land Parnrships arrangmn. n Us a chcklis and hink hrough hs aras: Pracicaliis could i work? Prsonaliis will you g on? Circumsancs is hr somhing abou h iming ha is spcially good, or prhaps no so good? n B clar abou your nds and goals and avoid wishful hinking. If you hav a nagging concrn, flush i ou and addrss i now. Whavr h oucom, i s br o know. n Craing a good imprssion Applying for a farm or businss nancy can b a dauning xprinc. Hr ar som aras whr landownrs can hlp applicans mak h mos of wha hy v go o offr. n Invi informal xprssions of inrs arly in h procss n Acivly sk ou nw nrans using local nworks, young farmrs groups and collgs n Us h Land Parnrships approach o undrsand hir own undrlying rquirmns and o nsur a balancd agrmn n Mak i clar wha will b xpcd vry sp of h way n If appropria, us ougoing nans in a mnoring rol or ncourag hm o pass on hir xprinc o nw applicans n Encourag applicans o ak profssional advic o provid an indpndn raliy chck for hir budgs and plans. Top 10 hings Tha landownrs ar looking for 1. Ralisic businss idas h landownr has a financial inrs in h businss doing wll, so driv and nhusiasm hav o b backd up wih a robus businss cas. I s ssnial you hav a full undrsanding of your businss plan conn and h figurs conaind in i. G advic if you nd o bu mak sur your own idas rmain and do no g modifid 2. Profssionalism hy nd o b confidn ha complianc issus, conracual commimns and day-o-day businss will b managd wihou fuss 3. Commimn hy wan good popl who will sick around bcaus i s ssnial for coninuiy and bcaus a high urnovr of nans or businss parnrs is xpnsiv, im consuming and risky 4. Clar communicaion is imporan in all working rlaionships, all h im 5. Pracical proficincy is criical for h day-o-day running of any land-basd businss and will b sn as an ass o hav around 6. Driv and confidnc o s h plan hrough 7. A posiiv minds making a living from h land can b hard and vn h bs businss rlaionships hav frusraions, so finding popl who ar upba has ral valu 8. A sound financial posiion hy nd o b confidn ha sar-up coss can b m, and ha h businss has h crdiworhinss o invs and grow. Evidnc of accss o capial or a financial porfolio from prvious invsmn and businss will b bnficial 9. Shard valus land gos dp and whil h nw nrpris ndn b xacly wha h landownr would do, i should fi and rspc hir hos 10. Sombody hy g on wih farm communiis ofn involv working and living in clos proximiy. Finding popl who fi in is of ral valu. Tha land nrprnurs ar looking for 1. Th righ infrasrucur can hy run hir businss from h propry? 2. Accss o marks is hr passing rad? Ar hr sablishd rous o mark, promising lads or favourabl local dmographics? 3. A fair dal hy migh b bing hir fuur on his, so a solid and ransparn dal will b imporan 4. Spac o dvlop in rms of physical spac, businss growh and scop will hy hav h frdom o adap and grow as hy go along? 5. Opporuniis for collaboraion i may b marking, logisics, machinry. Th xisnc of complmnary nrpriss, opn o working oghr, can b araciv o a sar-up which has y o build up is capaciy 6. Sabiliy hy will nd o pu hir all ino hir nw businss, so hy nd o fl confidn ha circumsancs ar fairly sabl 7. Exprinc som will valu h advic and prspcivs of an xprincd farmr or ohr sablishd businsss 8. Encouragmn is wlcom if i is opimisic and mboldning 9. A can-do approach o problm-solving h pracical capaciy o rac, solv, mov on is priclss 10. Clariy and consisncy is imporan o boh. I savs im, builds rus

6 Sp 3: Craing a balancd agrmn Onc landownrs and nrprnurs hav found ach ohr hy nd o dfin a rlaionship ha will las. A nw land nrpris involvs a significan and largly irrrivabl invsmn of im, nrgy, mony and goodwill. So h land nrprnur will wan o avoid h prospc of uprooing hir businss, and h landownr will wan o avoid having a high urnovr of lings, mpy propris or conflics of inrs; all of which ak up rsourcs and can hav an impac on local rlaions. Th br h undrsanding of ach ohr s nds h mor imaginaiv h xploraion of ways o m hm. This rquirs a ransparn and flxibl approach and a willingnss o addrss issus and opporuniis oghr, sid by sid rahr han in opposiion across a ngoiaing abl. To cra rally posiiv rlaionships i is in boh paris inrss o hlp solv h ohr s problms and o Succssful Land Parnrships arrangmns will no b foundd on hard bargaining or on pary ging a good dal a h ohr s xpns. On-sidd agrmns will b wak, will harbour rsnmns and b pron o dispus or arly brakdown. I is fin for boh landownr and nrprnur o hold on passionaly o hir inrss bu posiiv rlaionships ar abou sriking h righ balanc and bing opn-mindd abou h By his sag boh paris will hav a clar ida of hir own inrss and objcivs. Now, a crucial ingrdin of h Land Parnrships approach is o dvlop a gnuin undrsanding of, and rspc for, ach ohr s inrss. This will hlp o spo synrgis and ponial conflics arly on so hy can b buil on or managd consrucivly as ndd. I will also hlp avoid misundrsandings ha ofn rsul from prconcivd idas and rady-mad assumpions. This is a wo-way procss and is a crucial sp owards building rus and dvloping h insigh ndd o form srong rlaionships. To nabl craiviy, a his sag i is imporan o kp opions opn and no bcom oo focusd on a paricular oucom or prdrmind soluions. Dfining h parnrship: hings o considr look for muual gains. Som hings ha migh b of low cos o on migh b of high valu o h ohr. Idnifying such opporuniis can b libraing. n Wha land, buildings, machinry or livsock ar involvd? n How long dos h agrmn nd o b? n Who provids capial? n Wha srvics ar availabl? n Wha hlp and suppor migh h businss nd? n How much conrol dos h ownr wan o rain? n Wha is h basis and frquncy of paymn and how ofn should i b rviwd? n Wha dgr of risk is ach pary prpard o ak? Th mos imporan aspc of h rlaionship bwn a landlord and nan is ha i works for boh paris: his will involv rus, undrsanding, and a businss arrangmn ha is muually accpabl and which will las. Obaining h highs possibl rn is rarly h mos imporan facor, nor is i advisabl o b oo rigid; flxibiliy and snsibl compromis ar ofn h hallmarks of a ruly succssful arrangmn. Nicholas Ford, Dircor and Agn, Erns Cook Trus bs way o m rspciv inrss. Enlighnd profssional advisrs or agns working o a suiabl brif can facilia h whol procss. In shaping h balanc of h parnrship a ky considraion will b h dgr of risk ach pary fls abl o ak. This will vary from rlaionship o rlaionship and will dpnd on h xprinc, skills and confidnc of ach pary, as wll as hir prsonal moivaions and rsourcs. Typically, nancy agrmns ar drawn up by h ownr or hir agn and nd o favour hir paricular inrss. A Land Parnrships approach ncourags a mor flxibl us of agrmns, ailoring conracual rsponsibiliis o sui individual circumsancs and h varying lvls of conrol rquird by ach pary. n Naional Trus Imags/Jo Cornish Landownrs could b inrsd in n Incom gnraion n Ging buildings usd and mainaind n Supporing h local communiy n Encouraging nw businss aln n Mainaining/nhancing hir rpuaion n Building suppor for fuur dvlopmn n Craion of complmnary nrpriss n Adding valu o xising nrpriss n Dmonsraing good pracic n Enhancing h nvironmn n Rducing hir carbon fooprin n Incrasing local businss rsilinc Enrprnurs could b kn on n Making a living n Ralising a dram n Rmaining in a localiy n Pursuing a passion n Making a brillian businss ida raliy n Making us of hir spcialis skills n Dvloping nw businss skills n Conribuing o hir communiy n Coninuing a family businss n Esablishing a family nrpris for youngr gnraions n Working alongsid complmnary businsss 10 11

7 Sp 4: Slcing a lgal framwork Onc h landownr and land nrprnur hav horoughly dfind hir businss rlaionship, hy ar in a srong posiion o sar hinking abou appropria lgal framworks wih which o formalis hir agrmn. Pracicaliis and rms dfind, i s im o agr h righ lgal framwork. In broad rms, h lgal opions xis along a spcrum of conrol: from landownrs raining full conrol a on nd, o land nrprnurs aking 1 3 Conrac farming is a modl ofn usd by ownrs or agriculural nans who wan o rain hir involvmn in farming bu don wan o carry ou day-o-day opraions. Typically, h farmr will run h businss and mak ky dcisions bu a conracor will carry ou h pracical farming opraions as agn for h farmr. Th farmr canno sk a guarand incom undr such an arrangmn as, for ax purposs h/sh mus b sn o b aking a financial risk. Thy will also rain rsponsibiliy for lgal and rgulaory complianc. Shar farming is a way of nabling wo paris o farm h sam land joinly wih ach running hir own spara businss. Typically, h ownr will provid h land, buildings and fixd quipmn whil h farmr provids labour, managmn xpris and mobil machinry and quipmn. Livsock may b shard, wih boh paris owning an agrd proporion of ach animal or on pary owning all of hm. Inpu coss ar paid in agrd proporions and ach pary owns a pr-drmind shar of h produc. 2 Gr a Co far nra mi c ng bu Th by si f n a 1 rm h bu la ss is op p nd ru co ra rac own n n io ic r ra ns al, c a d o r u and con ro l o h Co nv la n n nd an ion Th m ci al Fa rm ain s T u T Bu s h na si of oug nci ns for f h s s ra r a FB. n w T n lv g o id s ga ls f g of m n r 12 n-h ships Arran spar gmns w a h ogh paris c r om r o o pra singl a busin ss Convnional Farm Businss Tnancis (FBTs) ar h mos common modl for nw lings of land. Th ownr is no dircly involvd in h farm businss and simply offrs land and/or buildings in rurn for an agrd rn. Th rn is ypically basd on h mark valu of h holding and is rviwd vry hr yars. As such i dos no rflc annual flucuaion of farm businss rurns, which mans ha h nan can carry a high lvl of risk. FBTs ar, howvr, much mor flxibl han hir Agriculural Holdings Ac prdcssors and landlord and nan hav much grar frdom o agr rms ha sui hir paricular rlaionship. Thr is gra scop o us FBTs imaginaivly o rplica h bnfis of ohr yps of agrmn in a mor familiar form. u n pr d i Parn r 5 r d lan mandown ag r x is fa mn cornciss ful rol l rm A limid liabiliy parnrship (LLP) is an alrnaiv lgal niy ha sis somwhr bwn a radiional parnrship and ng s Lo l m r Lan r rol n ow con h d i lan los, w s d Th ns c lan righ d i a h fic n r of ci gra nc sp ing lic b on aris Th p spara n as rmai sss, bu busin bora colla onally i opra a company. Whil h mmbrs of an LLP may ffcivly opra as parnrs, many of h adminisraiv rquirmns of an LLP mirror hos for a company, for xampl, having o fil accouns a Companis Hous. Th aracion of an LLP is ha an individual parnr s liabiliy may b limid in a way ha is no h cas in a radiional parnrship. Th rlaionship bwn parnrs may b rgulad by a parnrs agrmn, and bwn company sharholdrs by a sharholdrs agrmn. Ohr modls ha follow a corpora or similar srucur also xis and xampls can b found in cas sudis. Farming parnrships can b usd o nabl an ownr o run a farming opraion wih ohrs whr hy ar all businss parnrs. Ths ar ofn usd o involv family mmbrs and can b complx lgally and in rms of axaion. Thy nd o b vry carfully s up and managd o avoid problms on h dah or rirmn of a parnr. 6 Th L n c i s c Shar g farmin Various yps of lgal agrmn ar availabl, giving diffrn dgrs of conrol o h landownr and land nrprnur. A on xrm, h 4 Gra r land would b farmd in-hand giving h ownr oal command ovr managmn and businss dcisions, prforming mos of h farming opraions dircly and carrying h full financial risk. A h ohr, h ownr migh sll h land, handing i ovr o somon ls. Bwn hs wo li a numbr of opions ha migh sui diffrn circumsancs. Th spcrum of lgal opions n on c r ro h o l nr w o d lan If you can g his far bfor brifing your lawyrs, hn you ar mor likly o g a lgal framwork which srvs your purposs. You ar also likly o sav mony: h clarr h brif, h mor cos-ffciv h lgal procss will b a viw ndorsd on pag 15 by Blak Morgan in hir lgal brifing. s la d of iv or rm ach FBT g, fo n A ally h an li r u g us oug ss lon r h sin ih s bu u w rm b Th spcrum of lgal opions availabl for farm-basd Land Parnrships arrangd according o h apporionmn of conrol bwn h landownr and land nrprnur Licncs ar rouinly usd o l grazing righs on a shor-rm, ofn sasonal, basis. Formal occupaion of h land, for ax, basic paymn and cross-complianc purposs, rmains wih h landownr. Licncs can b usful for h land nrprnur, ofn as a supplmn o ohr land hld undr longr rm agrmns, for insanc for grazing, forag-making, or o harvs a spcialis crop. For h landownr hy can offr a way of grazing pasur wihou h nd o run a livsock nrpris, or o inroduc nw roaional opions ino an arabl sysm, such as grass/clovr lys. progrssivly mor conrol owards h ohr nd, as illusrad blow. An ffciv way of homing in on h sor of agrmn ha migh work for you is o loca whr you hink h rms of your businss rlaionship si on his spcrum. Long-rm ls Ownrs who ar conn o hand ovr a high dgr of conrol of hir land bu do no wan o par wih i complly can considr long-rm ls. An FBT or a businss ling could sui, dpnding on h yp of propry. s, rs d f in pli al o b ap s o sp an di ans c r us l p vn fuu om on A c gh con sric d l o u o r ho is s ho r F ld 13

8 Common Agriculural Policy and rlad nw paymn schm in h UK Th landownr and nrprnur will no doub b aliv o h currn rform of h Common Agriculural Policy, on of h mos noabl lmns of which is h nd of claims undr h Singl Paymn Schm and h rplacmn of ha schm by h Basic Paymn Schm as from 1 January In paricular i will b imporan for h landownr and nrprnur o b clar as o which of hm is o b h rcipin of h Basic Paymn his of islf may hav a baring on h lgal srucur hy ulimaly agr. To rciv h Basic Paymn h claiman mus b an aciv farmr and saisfy crain ss. (For mor informaion and dails go o h rlad govrnmn si: DEFRA uk, Norhrn Irland Scoland Wals and sarch for Basic Paymn Schm). Saisfying h aciv farmr s includs no apparing on a ngaiv lis of aciviis. Th ngaiv lis includs ral sa srvics ; wha is inndd o b caugh spcifically by his xprssion is no abundanly clar a im of wriing. Howvr, an sa landownr (whr i is inndd h landownr will claim Basic Paymn rahr han h nrprnur) will wan o sablish ha h inndd arrangmn wih h nrprnur is on a fooing ha dos no plac h landownr wihin h ngaiv lis. Accordingly, whn h landownr and h nrprnur arriv a an oulin of hir inndd arrangmn his is a chnical ara o hav profssionally sns-chckd if in any doub. n Having a clar viw and undrsanding of h lgal srucurs wihin which your farm businss will hav accss o land is vial o h succss of your businss. Th naur of your scuriy, rsponsibiliis for rpair, mainnanc and rplacmn of fixd quipmn and h lvl of paymn for accss o h land, ar all fundamnal componns which will impac upon your businss planning, invsmn sragy and yar-o-yar profiabiliy. Ging good advic on his is a mus. Gorg Dunn BA MSc FRAgS, Chif Excuiv Tnan Farmrs Associaion Lgal brifing Philip Rick No indusry can afford o sand sill and agriculur is no xcpion. Wih h Offic for Naional Saisics forcasing h UK populaion o rach 70 million by mid-2027, coupld wih h coninud dclin in lvls of UK food slf-sufficincy, i is impraiv ha nrprising and dynamic land nrprnurs hav an opporuniy o succd in h indusry. Wha is ndd going forward is a divrs rang of sound lgal arrangmns ha sui h nds and wans of boh h landownr and hos sking an opporuniy in h scor. oulins h sp-by-sp hough procss ha boh paris should go hrough on a cas-by-cas basis o arriv a h bs arrangmn for all concrnd. Fiona Mannix BSc MA ACMA HDip, Associa Dircor Land Group RICS Profssional Groups and Forums Naional Trus Imags/Jo Cornish I would srongly rcommnd h Land Parnrships approach. I is an ffciv way o build a srong and nduring rlaionship bwn landownr and nrprnur. I aligns h objcivs of boh paris and should rduc xpndiur on profssional advisrs fs bcaus: n Th rms and condiions ar clar and agrd a h ous hrby rducing h im and cos of documning h arrangmns n Th ponial for fuur dispu should b rducd Th landownr and nrprnur should, howvr, sns chck h proposd arrangmns wih hir profssional advisrs bfor finalising h agrmn. Poins o look ou for includ: n Agriculural Propry Rlif (and Businss Propry Rlif) can provid significan Inhrianc Tax savings o landownrs. A landownr should chck ha h proposd arrangmn will no prjudic his or hr sa rciving such ax rlif. If i will, can h agrmn b srucurd so ha i dos no? n I is imporan o hav a clar undrsanding of whhr h land nrprnur s proposd us of h land/buildings qualifis as an agriculural us from a lgal and planning prspciv. Th law s dfiniion of wha consius agriculur is no h sam in vry conx. Whhr h proposd aciviy is dmd o b agriculural or no can mak a big diffrnc for axaion and Town and Counry Planning purposs. I will also influnc h mos appropria form of nancy agrmn o b usd. n Evn if hr ar no plans o mak physical changs o h land or buildings Planning Prmission may sill b rquird. Th land nrprnur s nw businss could, in islf, consiu a chang of us in h ys of h Planning Auhoriy. n If h land is subjc o an agri-nvironmn schm h landownr will nd o mak sur ha h rquirmns ar no brachd by h inndd us. Criria ncssary o mainain any ongoing paymns will also nd o b m. Pnalis for non-complianc can includ rducion or loss of fuur annual paymns or possibly h rpaymn of mony alrady rcivd. n B awar ha sauory rquirmns ofn impor righs and obligaions ino conracual arrangmns. Any agrmn rachd by boh landownr and nrprnur may b subjc o righs and obligaions imposd by law. This is paricularly ru for nancis. Using h Land Parnrships approach coupld wih a profssional sns chck should nsur ha landownr and nrprnur arriv a an arrangmn wih a solid foundaion and which ms hir aspiraions. I is wll worh spnding im and nrgy on h firs hr sps of his handbook, as his should rsul in all paris using profssional advisory im mos cos ffcivly. Mark Charr Parnr and Had of Farms and Esas Tam, Blak Morgan 14 15xx

9 Sp 5: Thinking long rm Allowing h parnrship o adap as h businss volvs. Adoping a Land Parnrships approach basd on rus, opnnss and a balancd agrmn ha gnuinly rspcs boh paris inrss will immdialy muliply h chancs of succss. Bu rural businss opras in a dynamic nvironmn marks for producs and srvics com and go, sandards and consumr xpcaions chang, chnology movs on, xprinc grows and nw skills ar dvlopd. All of his mans ha if h businss and h Land Parnrships arrangmn ar o b ffciv in h long rm hy hav o b ligh-food and prpard o adap and chang so ha hy can absorb prssurs and grasp nw opporuniis. Abov all, i is vial o mainain goodwill in h rlaionship and o rcognis h valu of his in financial ngoiaions. All oo many land and businss rlaionships sar off wll, wih opimism and good innions, only o falr whn i coms o rviwing h businss, spcially around h financial sid of hings. Ging h righ balanc of rward is nvr asy bu i is criical o h succss of h rlaionship. Th conribuion of boh paris mus b undrsood and proprly rcognisd. This dos no jus man h financial conribuion; i also has o ak propr accoun of h skills, physical ffor and moional conribuions ha ar so imporan o making h businss work. Som of h imporan hings ha hlp mak h rlaionship las will includ: n An opn and frank rlaionship ha builds and mainains rus n Common objcivs undrsanding and rspcing ach ohr s inrss n Ensur rgular dialogu hroughou h agrmn and no jus laving i unil h official rviw da n Kp nos of suggsions, idas and rquss which may lad o any alraion of h agrmn longr rm n Flxibiliy bing opn o nw idas n Willingnss o larn from xprinc n Rcognising and valuing inrdpndnc sharing problms Mor han on agrmn Land Parnrships agrmns will ofn b a on-off dal, for a singl plo of land or businss agrmn, bu as his approach sars o b usd in mor agrmns wo opions follow on: 1. Landownr building a clusr of nrpriss Land Parnrships agrmns can also b usd progrssivly o build a communiy of land nrpriss. This significan shif in businss modl can bring a numbr of bnfis: n For h landownr i divrsifis incom srams and builds financial rsilinc by sprading h risk of failur and incom flucuaions across a numbr of nrpriss and businss yps n For all paris i has h ponial o xnd nworks and opn up nw marks n I cras opporuniis for collaboraion hrough inrnal marks for marials, labour and was producs. Or pracical coopraion such as sharing machinry or h cos of crificaion schms; or by forming marking syndicas and dvloping shard brands. Making i work Dvloping a clusr of nrpriss is h landownr s prrogaiv. To mak i work wll will rquir hm o ak an aciv and sragic approach. In paricular hy will nd o ak car of wo ky funcions: firsly, providing an fficin infrasrucur, boh pracical and adminisraiv; and, scondly, slcing h righ combinaion of nrpriss and ging hm o work wll oghr. In our xprinc h following ingrdins can b invaluabl: n Consulaion Mak sur ha xising or incoming businsss ar awar of your innion o build a clusr of nrpriss; i may wll b an araciv prospc n Sysm analysis Think abou how nrpriss migh fi oghr in h fuur; wha hy will nd, and wha hy migh provid. Slc and loca hm accordingly. n Slcion criria Us hm o s proposals o nsur hy complmn xising businsss n Collaboraions Inracions bwn businsss will happn by simpl viru of proximiy bu a rgular forum for proposing and discussing idas for businsss o work oghr can hlp nsur opporuniis ar no missd. 2. Land Enrprnurs wih mor han on agrmn This is saring o b sn mor and mor whr a s of complmnary agrmns com oghr o bnfi h nrprnur s businss as a whol, mayb vn involving svral diffrn landownrs. For xampl, somon may sar off wih a grazing licnc, hn xnd his wih a join vnur and prhaps lar on join i wih a nancy. Thr can b hug scop for an nrprnur o xpand hir businss significanly by working wih a rang of landownrs bu you should considr h following: n Sar off wih on agrmn and nsur you can work and manag i wll bfor mbarking on nw vnurs n If you do considr adding ohr agrmns, do you hav nough im and financs o giv i full commimn? n B hons wih yourslf do hy rally fi wih your businss plan as whol? Analys ach on wih is srnghs and waknsss. Sk addiional advic if you nd i n If you ar alrady in an agrmn, should you, ou of goodwill and rspc, alk hrough and inform h ohr paris vn if hy ar no involvd dircly wih h nw agrmns? Is h ponial nw agrmn parnr informd of your ohr nrpriss? n Don run h risk of your original agrmns failing hrough lack of inpu and communicaion n Rviw your businss rgularly and mak sur you hav h righ combinaion of agrmns. As a businss grows you may nd o chang h balanc of hm n A mix of agrmns could sprad your coss and ovrhads mor fficinly and incras incom and may no always involv land and farming! n Imporan hings ha hlp mak h rlaionship las: n An opn and frank rlaionship ha builds and mainains rus n Common objcivs undrsanding and rspcing ach ohr s inrss n Rgular dialogu and rviw no jus a rn rviws n Flxibiliy bing opn o nw idas n Willingnss o larn from xprinc n Rcognising and valuing inrdpndnc sharing problms Mark Lord Phoography

10 Cas sudis: W r alrady doing i A wid-ranging slcion of landownrs and nrprnurs working in harmony and craing succssful businsss. A join vnur A gra xampl of a mix n mach approach o craing an volving s of agrmns ha sui popl, im and plac. Som im ago, Robr and Jan Bosock and Philip Fny s up businss oghr. Robr and Jan brough hir organic, 700-acr Old Hall Farm nar Malpas and hir succssful brding hrd o h abl. Phil brough his nhusiasm and his ambiion bu lil capial. Now, som igh yars lar, Robr has bn abl o sp back ino a lss dmanding rol in h businss, which was on of his main aims, whil Philip has, cow by cow, bn abl o buy a good prcnag of h milking hrd and build up his quiy. How hav hy don i? Iniially, boh paris signd a formal conrac whr hy ach rcivd a rurn on h capial hy invsd ino h join businss. This documn oulind, for insanc, ha Philip would buy h machinry and 25% of h original 320-srong hrd. Alongsid his conrac ran a cow hir agrmn which nabld Robr o s a rurn on his asss whil Philip milkd h hrd and had an agrd shar of any surplus lf ovr in h businss accoun. Shar farming Wha is i and why is i good for h farming indusry? Th CLA has a longsanding rpuaion for procing h inrss of hos wih an conomic, social or nvironmnal inrs in rural land. W bliv ha adoping shar farming as a farm businss srucur is minnly suid o many of h challngs h indusry facs. A is simpls, shar farming is whr wo farmrs agr o work oghr o shar h farming of h land. Thy rmain indpndn wih, usually, h ownr providing land, buildings, fixd quipmn and machinry and h ohr farmr (gnrally rfrrd o as h opraor) provids h working machinry and labour. Th gra bnfi is ha hy bring diffrn rsourcs o h businss in rms of asss and abiliis and so may b abl o cra somhing biggr and br han ihr could alon, bu wihou bing id oghr in ihr a parnrship or a nancy. Shar farming is no righ for vry siuaion or for vry farmr. Howvr, in h righ plac a h righ im, h CLA blivs i can provid ral bnfis o h landownr, h opraor and h indusry as a whol. Following radiional rous ino h indusry can b clos o impossibl for many young farmrs who hav bn crying ou for a ralisic alrnaiv. In rcn monhs w hav bn paricularly dlighd by h lvl of inrs in shar farming from our mmbrs and byond. Many oldr farmrs hav bn looking o rir gradually, handing on hir xprinc and knowldg o h nx gnraion, and shar farming can offr a vry good soluion. Th challng now is o bring hs farmrs oghr and suppor hm in forming succssful and sabl businsss undr a shar farming arrangmn. Chrisophr Pric, Dircor of Policy and Advic Counry, Land and Businss Associaion (CLA) CASE STUDY An arly adopr Phil is now a 50/50 join ownr of all h farm s quiy. Now ha h businss has grown subsanially, h conrac farming agrmn has bn rplacd by a 50/50 quiy farming parnrship bwn Robr, Jan and Philip ha suis hm br a his sag of hir businss s voluion. Wha s bn h ky o hir succss? By purchasing h cows gradually, h hrd siz didn hav o dcras which nabld m o opra a a scal ha could produc nough profis for all paris, commns Phil. In fac, w now hav 700 cows in h hrd and I own half of hm. Th ohr ssnial ingrdin, of cours, is good communicaion. Whr nx? Thy all njoy wha hy do and ar always kn o valua nw opporuniis, o kp h farm moving forward. Tha could b hrough milking mor cows on h farm or lswhr, dpnding on h suiabiliy of any proposal. John (lf) and David hav gon from a landlord/nan rlaionship o shar farming across h whol sa. John Hndrson saw an opporuniy o implmn a shar farming schm a his family s sa nar Skipon during h arly 1980s. On of h sa s prviously nand dairy farms ndd nw lif brahing ino i a h sam im as young farmr David Coas, who had grown up on his parns nand farm lswhr on h sa, was looking for an opning o s up his own businss. Undr John s guidanc David quickly s abou ransforming h farm ino a hriving businss and has nvr lookd back. Today, David shar farms wih John across h whol sa. In 1992, John also acd wihou hsiaion whn a chanc aros o rcrui a scond young farmr o h sa and by h nd of ha yar Tony Shphrd was up and running wih 150 shp and a sucklr hrd. John provids, mainains and insurs h propry whil Tony provids labour and machinry. Each on runs his own businss, wih no sharing of h rading or bank accouns. Undr h agrmn h spli bwn h wo is on a 67% 33% basis

11 Communiis as land nrprnurs Growing, fding and bringing oghr a broad spcrum of local popl. Landownrs wih an inrs in making links wih local communiis, and communiis who wish o organis hmslvs o produc food or ohr hings from h land, now hav a numbr of opions o hlp hm work oghr. This approach conncs h farm and h communiy and combins land, producion and communiy work in collaboraion in on of hr ways: 1. A communiy-ld approach whr a communiy organiss islf o sar a land nrpris. I nrs ino an agrmn dircly wih a landownr, much as any land nrprnur would. 2. A producr-ld approach whr a farmr or growr iniias a rlaionship wih a communiy, who invs in h businss or bnfi from a shar of h harvs. In his cas, h producr may opra hrough som form of Land Parnrships arrangmn o obain land. 3. Arrangmns whr h landownr, producr and communiy ac oghr. This may b bcaus hy hav formd som yp of parnrship, ha h producr is also h landownr, or indd ha h communiy has h rsourcs o buy land for islf o opra a businss. Thr ar many diffrn communiy modls or CSAs (Communiy Suppord Agriculur), from buying a shar in xchang for produc hrough o hands-on work and bing involvd in managmn dcisions. Th landownr can also choos o b a land providr hrough o an ingral par of h producion procss. Lgal srucurs I is ncssary o dcid h lgal srucur of h CSA/social nrpris. Thr ar many o choos from bu hy will includ: CASE STUDY Th Communiy Farm i works! Th Communiy Farm in Chw Magna, Somrs, is a communiy suppord agriculur (CSA) nrpris ha aims o rconnc popl wih whr hir food coms from and provid a susainabl low-carbon modl of organic farming ha can b rplicad by ohr communiis. Wha maks Th Farm mmbrs and hir fin squash harvs. Th Communiy Farm n Communiy Inrs Companis Th bnfis of bing a businss wih a clarly sad public purpos o which all asss and rurns mus b dvod. n Indusrial and Providn Sociis Good for bona fid coopraivs ha conduc businss for h muual bnfi of hir mmbrs or communiis all of whom hold qual shars and voing righs. n Chariabl Incorporad Organisaions A rcnly inroducd srucur ha nabls h s up of a chariy wih som of h bnfis of bing a company, such as limid liabiliy for russ. Thy only hav o rgisr wih h Chariis Commission. Communiy Farm rally spcial is ha i is on of h firs UK CSA projcs o ngag ciy populaions as i s clos o Brisol and Bah. Th farm is rying o rplica h small farm hos on a biggr scal by involving h communiis local o h farm as wll as hos in h ciis 10 o 15 mils away. To da, hr ar 500 mmbrs who own h nrpris, wih a small am of saff and an vr-growing am of volunrs who culiva frui and vgabls on 28 acrs in h Chw Vally, dlivr o 400 housholds ach wk and run vns, raining and ducaional aciviis. Th farm s succss has aracd anion from all ovr h UK and has sn visiors from Japan, Ialy and Grmany sking o larn how hy do i. Th Communiy Farm has bn hrough som ups and downs during h fiv yars sinc w sard. I now has a loyal and srong organic box schm audinc and is coninuing o pracis and dvlop is idals and hics. W ar working wih an incrasing numbr of local organic farmrs o whom w nsur w always pay a fair pric for h produc hy grow. Pd Asgarian, Commrcial Opraions Managr Adam Rid FarmSp FarmSp ncourags and suppors nw nrans o s up grn land-basd businsss and nurur h ncssary farming skills. S up by h Earh Trus six yars ago, FarmSp offrs favourabl nancy agrmn rms; small scal ypically on o fiv hcars parcls of land difficul o find lswhr; businss plan advic; infrasrucur suppor and h chanc o work alongsid a communiy of likmindd grn businsss. Thy ar vr-volving, aking on board farmr fdback and hir own rsarch o hlp mak applicaions asir and mor appaling, and a widr rang of rnal and agrmn rms, for xampl. Camilla and Roly Puzy (on pag 3) ar on of hir succss soris of farmrs bing givn his sp on o h laddr, along wih a handful of ohr small producrs, including Mark and Jan Coopr. CASE STUDY Mark Coopr and on of his young Oxford Sandy and Blacks. Coopr s Oxford Pork Mark and Jan Coopr joind FarmSp in Spmbr Iniially hy kp wo lirs of hir Oxford Sandy and Black pigs in on ara of woodland on h Earh Trus Farm in Oxfordshir. Ovr im hy hav incrasd hir numbrs and now hav approximaly pigs in fiv diffrn woodlands. Thy ar also using on of h barns o hous farrowing sows, fd, bdding and porkrs. Thy sll a local farmrs marks; wholsal o hols, pubs and rsaurans; hog roass for vns, and young wanrs o popl waning o kp a small numbr of pigs for h family lardr. Naional Trus Imags/Wynn Own Tudur Parry, scholar, and Arwyn Jons, mnor and managr of Hafod y Llan. Land scholarship Th Naional Trus blazs a rail in mnoring young Wlsh farmrs. In 2012, afr a naional appal, an iconic 245-hcar upland farm Llyndy Isaf in Snowdonia was purchasd by h Naional Trus on bhalf of h naion. Rahr han auomaically combining i wih hir nighbouring in-hand farm, Hafod y Llan, a nw and innovaiv approach was born o hlp h progrssion of local nw nrans. Th Llyndy scholarship has givn m a gra sar o my agriculural carr. I hav larn so many nw skills and i s givn m h confidnc o go on in h fuur o run my own farm. Tudur Parry, Naional Trus Scholar Th approach, launchd in 2013, was o cra a land managmn scholarship schm in conjuncion wih Wals Young Farmrs Club. I offrs a 13-monh placmn o run and manag h farm bu wih h addd xra of providing a mnor and suppor from h farm managr a Hafod y Llan. Scholars g an opporuniy o xprinc running a businss firs hand and i is dsignd o ncourag h dvlopmn of ky land and businss skills alongsid h pracical aspcs of livsock managmn skills which hy can ak back ino dvloping hir own businsss a a lar sag

12 A blndd approach How a Land Us Rviw has hlpd r-focus iconic Daringon Hall Esa, aiming o rurn i o a local, collaboraiv, low-carbon modl. Th Daringon Hall Trus s 1200 acrs of rolling Souh Dvon counrysid hav a hisory daing back hundrds of yars bu in h las cnury i was bough by visionaris, Lonard and Dorohy Elmhirs as h bas for an xprimn in rural rgnraion. Afr arly pionring succsss h agriculural par of h sa had sagnad and was bing run as a sandard arabl dairy uni up unil Ocobr 2014, whn h nan rird. Sizing hir chanc, a panl sard conducing a Land Us Rviw back in 2012, consuling xprs, visiing sis and spaking o local communiis. Thir final rpor highlighd a s of aspiraions for h sa o adop a mixd approach o low-carbon farming and land us, dmonsra collaboraion across land-basd nrpriss, CASE STUDY Old farm, nw idas Alhough h final oucoms hav bn posiiv, h journy owards achiving h aspiraions of h Land Us Rviw has no always bn sraighforward. Inviably, givn boh h divrsiy and innovaiv naur of h proposals w rcivd from prospciv nans, hr has bn a im lag bwn sing ou h vision and is dlivry. W hav also found ha, bcaus wha w wr rying o achiv was slighly unusual, all h nans, agns and soliciors involvd had o adop a dgr of flxibiliy o mak h agrmns work. John Channon, Esa Managr including communiy suppor, and b willing o xplor nw modls of rural rgnraion, social nrprnurship, raining and ducaion. Th rsul was a smallr main nancy of 480 acrs a Old Parsonag Farm, which will b run as a mixd farm combining a milking goa hrd, a small Jrsy hrd, bf cal and shp (s cas sudy, blow). Thn around 15 ohr land-basd nancis, ranging from on o 60 acrs, including: a ma CSA, a vgabl CSA, communiy orchards, allomns, apiaris, mulipl variis of agroforsry, a youh projc, a biodynamic farm, an English cu flowrs nrpris, a 17-yar-old nw nran, an urban mushroom farm using was coff grounds and an iniiaiv providing raining for currn and x-prisonrs. Nw modl parnrships Wha s in dvlopmn a Clinon Dvon Esas? Clinon Dvon Esas blivs ha o ncourag nw nrans and innovaion ino h farming and land managmn scor w will hav o xplor nw modls of collaboraion and parnrships. Thr nds o b a diffrn minds and simulus for invsmn from h landownr, nan and bank. Wih his as a drivr, Clinon Dvon Esas hav bn working on dvloping coopraiv conracing agrmns (CCA). Wha is a Coopraiv Conracing Agrmn? Th CCAs provid a bspok hird pary businss opporuniy for nans and landlord o l farms collaboraivly. Boh nans and landlord can shar in h businss arrangmn hrough Spcial Purpos Join Vnurs or Limid Liabiliy Companis. Th bnfis of a CCA n Rcogniss h nd for scal and produciv capial for succss n Dlivrs opraional fficincis and supply chain lvrag n I dos no unpick h xising nancy lgislaion n I rains and nhancs h ax posiion in rurn for long-rm commimn n Encourags a plaform for a nw brd of farm and land managr. CCA in pracic Clinon Dvon Esas hav akn hir vision of a CCA and pu i hrough a vigorous lgal rviw. Pr Williams, h auhor of Scammll, Dnsham & Williams Law of Agriculural Holdings, and his am a Michlmors, wr askd o advis wih rgards o h lgal srucur and h CCA rcivd a ringing ndorsmn. Pr commns: Th plan now is o inroduc his approach o a much widr audinc a all lvls. Th CCA concp is sill bing dvlopd o hlp addrss much ndd rform. John Varly, Esas Dircor Clinon Dvon Esas Jon and Lynn Prkin ar h brand nw nans a Old Parsonag Farm, h largs chunk of h Daringon Hall Esa. Jon is from a long-sablishd farming family in h Launcson ara and boh ar xprincd and succssful in working o organic principls. Thy signd h conrac in March 2015 and ar up and running. Th Trus wand o s a muli-dimnsional and innovaiv businss approach ha incorporad mixd low-carbon farming chniqus, ducaion, public accss and crossbusinss collaboraion wih ohr Trus parnrs, says Jon. I was rady and agr for ha challng sinc I v always prfrrd o push idas and boundaris in producion chniqus as wll as in markplacs. Possibly a high Jon and Lynn aking on h nw challng of h farm. risk sragy bu on ha, for m, cras h opporuniy for high rwards and crainly no jus financial ons. Bidding for h nancy of Old Parsonag Farm has nabld m o dvlop and volv my idas in h knowldg ha ha was xacly wha my nw landlord was looking for. Th firs 40 goas arrivd mid-april, h foundrs of wha Jon hops will b a 600-srong flock and jus on of h srands of his nw businss. Local, nrprising and communiyfocusd ar hr ky nancy aras. Som of h sa s broad rang of land nrprnurs. Sriking ou alon a Grown Grn Small is bauiful and rwarding for his growr. Following a wo-yar Soil Associaion Horiculural Apprnicship, land nrprnur and mark gardnr, Ka Collyns, ook on a wo-acr parcl a Harly Farm nar Winsly in Wilshir a h nd of 2010 and Grown Grn was born. Th farm hoss a numbr of small lik-mindd businsss and hr Ka culivas vgabls, hrbs, salads, flowrs and sof frui for h local ara following susainabl mhods and organic sandards. Sh opras an opn-ga policy, ncouraging chfs, cusomrs and volunrs o drop by and find ou abou hr mhodology and kp fi by mucking in wih hr. A livly blog kps a widr audinc up-o-da wih hr rials and riumphs. To conac us or find furhr informaion on alrnaiv formas of 22 h handbook and h suppor and srvics w provid visi: 23