Nível de ligação - Tópicos
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1 Nível de ligação - Tópicos Introdução e serviços Protocolos de acesso ao meio Endereçamento do nível de ligação Tecnologia ernet Switches e VLANs Um dia na vida de um pedido Web 5 54 Synthesis: a day in the life of a web request journey down protocol stack complete! application, transport, network, link putting-it-all-together: synthesis! goal: identify, review, understand protocols (at all layers) involved in seemingly simple scenario: requesting www page scenario: student attaches laptop to campus network, requests/receives
2 A day in the life: scenario browser Comcast network /13 school network /24 web page Google s network / A day in the life connecting to the Internet Connecting laptop needs to get its own address, addr of first-hop, addr of : use (runs ) request encapsulated in, encapsulated in, encapsulated in ernet ernet frame broadcast (dest: FFFFFFFFFFFF) on LAN, received at running ernet demuxed to demuxed, demuxed to 5 57
3 A day in the life connecting to the Internet (runs ) formulates ACK containing client s address, address of first-hop for client, name & address of encapsulation at, frame forwarded (switch learning) through LAN, demultiplexing at client client receives ACK reply Client now has address, knows name & addr of, address of its first-hop 5 58 A day in the life ARP (before, before ) ARP query ARP ARP reply ARP Before sending request, need address of query created, encapsulated in, encapsulated in, encapsulated in. In order to send frame to, need MAC address of interface: ARP ARP query broadcast, received by, which replies with ARP reply giving MAC address of interface client now knows MAC address of first hop, so can now send frame containing query 5 59
4 A day in the life using Comcast network /13 datagram containing query forwarded via LAN switch from client to 1 st hop datagram forwarded from campus network into comcast network, routed (tables created by R, OSPF, IS-IS and/or BGP routing protocols) to demuxed to replies to client with address of A day in the life connection carrying to send request, client first opens socket to SYN segment (step 1 in 3-way handshake) interdomain routed to web responds with (step 2 in 3- way handshake) connection established! 5 61
5 A day in the life request/reply web page finally (!!!) displayed request sent into socket datagram containing request routed to responds with reply (containing web page) datagram containing reply routed back to client 5 62
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