Combustible Dust. The Basics. Presented by: Mary Ann Heaney, CIH, CSP ohsm, llc.

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1 Combustible Dust The Basics Presented by: Mary Ann Heaney, CIH, CSP ohsm, llc.

2 Why the Recent Focus? catastrophic dust explosions January - 7 FataliGes, 38 injured 2006 US Chemical Safety and Hazard Inves;ga;on Board issues Combus'ble Dust Hazard Study 2008 OSHA issues Combus'ble Dust Na'onal Emphasis Program February - 7 FataliGes, 37 injured October - 1 Fatality, 7 injured

3 Why the Recent Focus? dust explosions kill 14 employees 2006 US Chemical Safety and Hazard InvesGgaGon Board issues Combus'ble Dust Hazard Study 2008 OSHA issues Combus'ble Dust Na'onal Emphasis Program No Comprehensive OSHA Standard NFPA Standards Voluntary Fire Codes, InspecGons Inconsistent Hazard Awareness Weak MSDSs Inadequate

4 Why the Recent Focus? dust explosions kill 14 employees 2006 US Chemical Safety and Hazard Inves;ga;on Board issues Combus'ble Dust Hazard Study InspecGon guidelines Discussion of hazards Sampling and analygcal methods 2008 OSHA issues Combus'ble Dust Na'onal Emphasis Program

5 What is Combustible Dust? A combus;ble par;culate: Which presents a fire or deflagra;on hazard; When suspended in air/ oxidizing medium; Over a range of concentra;ons; Regardless of size or shape.

6 An Inclusive Hazard Agriculture Chemical Pharmaceu;cal Plas;cs Food Woodworking Wastewater Treatment Wood/Paper/Cork Coal Carbon Black Drugs Plas;c Tex;les Pes;cides Biosolids Food Stuffs

7 Relative Explosivity Coal 1.0 Vitamin C 2.2 Acrylamide 2.5 Polycarbonate 8.6 Cornstarch 9.5 Bis- phenol A >10 Aspirin >10 Aluminum >10 Explosibility Index Weak <0.1 Moderate Strong Severe >10

8 Combustibility Contributing Factors % Moisture ParGcle Size MEC K ST Class II % Combus;ble Material % Combus;ble Dust Resis;vity Minimum Igni;on Energy Minimum Igni;on Temperature Max Explosion Pressure Layer Igni;on temp Dust Cloud Igni;on temp

9 Combustibility Contributing Factors % Moisture Less moisture/greater hazard Par;cle Size < 420 um (40 mesh sieve) MEC Minimum Explosible Conc. Minimum amount of dust dispersed in air for explosion Kst Deflagra;on Index Es;mates severity of explosion. (Class St 0 St 3) Class II Explosion severity (ES) Determines if Class II electrical equipment required

10 Components Required for an Explosion

11 Anatomy of an Explosion Primary Explosion

12 Anatomy of an Explosion Secondary Explosion

13 Anatomy of an Explosion

14 Components Required for an Explosion Ignitable Dust Air Igni;on Source Confinement > 1/32 accumula;on on surfaces Coverage 5% of floor area All horizontal surfaces (Layer rarely uniform)

15 Components Required for an Explosion Ignitable Dust Oxidant (air) Igni;on Source Confinement Hybrid mixtures (presence of a flammable gas/vapor even if < LEL) Examples: Coal dust/methane Plas;c/vapors

16 Components Required for an Explosion Sparks Ignitable Dust Air IgniGon Source Confinement Foreign Materials Hot Surfaces Belts/Bearings Electrical Sta;c Electricity Hot Work

17 Components Required for an Explosion Ignitable Dust Air Igni;on Source Confinement Dust Collectors Dryers Grinders/Pulverizers Blenders/Mixers Silos Storage Bins Bagging/Packaging

18 Engineering Controls Facility Design Specific Process Equipment Controls Containment InerGng Mechanical IsolaGon Segrega;on/Separa;on Spark Detec;on Deflagra;on Systems Ex;nguishment Systems Explosion Ven;ng Iner;ng Bonding/Grounding

19 Other Controls SOP Housekeeping SOP Repair/ Maintenance EducaGon/Training PHAs

20 Common Issues

21 Common Issues

22 Common Issues

23 Common Issues

24 Fundamental Health and Safety VenGlaGon Systems Industrial Trucks Life Safety Toxicity Fire ProtecGon

25 First Steps? Characterize dust Determine Dust Presence (NFPA 654 Rule of thumb) 1/32 over 5% of floor area (paperclip thickness ) Bar joist surface area equals about 5% of floor area >20,000 j 2, 1000 j 2 is dust upper limit

26 First Steps? Evaluate equipment Add controls Educate Develop SOPs MOC System Review OSHA NEP Review OSHA ANPR

27 References NFPA 61 Standard for the Preven'on of Fires and Dust Explosions in Agricultural and Food Processing Facili'es NFPA 654 Standard for the Preven'on of Fire and Dust Explosions from the Manufacturing, Processing, and Handling of Combus'ble Par'culate Solids NFPA 664 Standard for the Preven'on of Fires and Explosions in Wood Processing and Woodworking Facili'es US Chemical Safety Board Combus'ble Dust Hazard Study ASTM Standard Test Methods E1226, E1515 FM Data Sheet No Preven'on and Mi'ga'on of Combus'ble Dust Explosions and Fire OSHA CPL Combus'ble Dust Na'onal Emphasis Program OSHA CPL Inspec'on of Grain Handling Facili'es

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