WAN OPTIMIZATIONS IN VEHICULAR NETWORKING. Lorenzo Di Gregorio 1 Danica Gajic 1 Christian Liß 1 Andreas Foglar 1 Francisco Vázquez-Gallego 2

Transcription

1 OPTIMIZATIONS IN VEHICULAR NETWORKING Lorenzo Di Gregorio 1 Danica Gajic 1 Christian Liß 1 Andreas Foglar 1 Francisco 2 1 InnoRoute GmbH 2 Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya Wireless Congress, November 6 7, 2013, Munich Copyright 2013 by InnoRoute GmbH Page 1 of 39

2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work has been partially supported by the project NewAPI, grant TOU of the Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs, Infrastructure, Traffic and Technology in Germany. The intellectual work presented in this paper has been carried out entirely during the authors affiliation to InnoRoute GmbH and bears no relation to any other authors employer. Copyright 2013 by InnoRoute GmbH Page 2 of 39

3 IT S THE LAW! DISCLAIMER AND LEGAL INFORMATION All opinions expressed in this document are those of the authors individually and are not reflective or indicative of the opinions and positions of the authors employers. The technology described in this document is or could be under development and is being presented solely for the purpose of soliciting feedback. The content and any information in this presentation shall in no way be regarded as a warranty or guarantee of conditions of characteristics. This presentation reflects the current state of the subject matter and may unilaterally be changed by InnoRoute GmbH and/or its affiliated companies (hereinafter referred to as InnoRoute ) at any time. Unless otherwise formally agreed with InnoRoute, InnoRoute assumes no warranties or liabilities of any kind, including without limitation warranties of non-infringement of intellectual property rights of any third party with respect to the content and information given in this presentation. Copyright 2013 by InnoRoute GmbH Page 3 of 39

4 OUTLINE 1 INTRODUCTION 2 OPTIMIZATIONS 3 MACHINE LEARNING 4 COOPERATION NETWORKS 5 PLATFORMS design on programmable logic device Paradigm for portability of applications Framework for abstraction of functionality System level simulation 6 CONCLUSIONS Copyright 2013 by InnoRoute GmbH Page 4 of 39

6 INTRODUCTION Need for Wi-Fi connectivity everywhere! Reliable connection available in many public places (bars, restaurants, museums, etc... ) Internet access in cars? Internet access in trains, buses, trams? Copyright 2013 by InnoRoute GmbH Page 6 of 39

7 INTRODUCTION Internet-connected vehicles LTE LAN internet WiFi ALREADY ON THE MARKET Wi-Fi hotspots with LTE connectivity to the Internet, integrated in cars. Portable mobile hotspots. Copyright 2013 by InnoRoute GmbH Page 7 of 39

8 INTRODUCTION What troubles connectivity in vehicles? Volatility of connections Solutions to volatility: optimizations Not needed for xdsl: relatively slow and robust enough. Not feasible for mobile: solutions too energy-hungry. We have enough energy in vehicles! Copyright 2013 by InnoRoute GmbH Page 8 of 39

10 OPTIMIZATIONS CONCEPT Exploit protocols features for improving connectivity to the Wide Area Network. Speculation: forecast characteristics of data traffic. Prevention: operate to steer around adverse behavior. Some use cases: TRAVEL THOUGH DEGRADED SPOTS DRIVE THROUGH A TUNNEL CURVE AROUND OBSTACLE Cannot load a web page. Switch to its mobile version. A download can time out and break up. Delegate to a proxy. A video call freezes. Pinch stream to force lower resolution. Copyright 2013 by InnoRoute GmbH Page 10 of 39

11 MOTIVATION: USER TRAFFIC ON PORT INFORMATION/CONTENT Depending on available bandwidth, the same information can be delivered at massively different throughput. Some regularity exists in user traffic patterns. OPERA MINI Opera Mini combines delegation, prerendering, compression and mobile versions of content providers. Copyright 2013 by InnoRoute GmbH Page 11 of 39

12 OPTIMIZATIONS URL REMAPPING PROXYING Switch automatically to mobile version of web sites Delegate connectivity to server while out of coverage TUNNELING Stream Control Transmission Protocol Compression UPSTREAM SHAPING Prioritization Rate limitation Copyright 2013 by InnoRoute GmbH Page 12 of 39

13 REMAPPING OF URLS TO MOBILE VERSIONS WiFi router LTE en.m.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org connection table DPI HTTP TCP IP policy GPS (connectivity) car (speed) DB (known good) Copyright 2013 by InnoRoute GmbH Page 13 of 39

15 TUNNELING OF LEGACY PROTOCOLS client internet server payload payload payload TUNNEL protocol protocol tunnel payload payload payload protocol protocol A delivery protocol which transports a payload protocol. Both peers must support the tunnel and time for discovery and setup must be invested. tunnel Copyright 2013 by InnoRoute GmbH Page 15 of 39

16 TUNNELING OF LEGACY PROTOCOLS SCTP (STREAM CONTROL TRANSMISSION PROTOCOL) Superior alternative to TCP: transport of concurrent streams under common congestion control. As delivery protocol for multiple TCP connections. Delivering over UDP to tunnel unprovisioned trunks. Can be implemented as offload engine through ports of an access point which delegates traffic by switching. COMPRESSION Compress the payload protocol and tunnel over others or same protocol for delivery. Copyright 2013 by InnoRoute GmbH Page 16 of 39

17 UPSTREAM SHAPING Shaping upstream traffic anticipates bandwidth losses and prevents congestion control. PRIORITIZATION Priorities on access to available bandwidth. Priority on low rate traffic over high rate traffic. Priority on flows from critical applications. RATE LIMITATION Buffer/backpressure on non-critical bursts. DEEP PACKET INSPECTION Identify flows from critical applications. Input to shaper along with predicted bandwidth availability. Copyright 2013 by InnoRoute GmbH Page 17 of 39

19 MACHINE LEARNING Goal: maximize the accrued amount of data over time. Invest time into discovering how promising an optimization can be. If is does not deliver on promises, switch to the next promising one. GOOD NEWS! There is an exact mathematical solution to this problem! You get the best out of the uncertainty you face. Copyright 2013 by InnoRoute GmbH Page 19 of 39

21 OBTAINING GITTINS INDICES Statistical models of traffic behavior represented by discrete time series. time series CSSR 70 Mb/s 10 Mb/s 700Mb m/s V 20Mb m/s V Markov Reward Model 300 V 21 V Indexed Markov Model Hidden Markov Model Copyright 2013 by InnoRoute GmbH Page 21 of 39

24 COOPERATION NETWORKS COOPERATION OVER Recently, big hype about cooperation networks. Novel functionalities for access. Promises of great improvements in life quality. WHY COOPERATION? Routing avoid traffic jams and long transit times. Safety broadcast road conditions, e.g. visibility... Cisco s fog computing, e.g. availability of parking lots. IMPLEMENTATION Software application on top of installed vehicular Wi-Fi hotspot. Copyright 2013 by InnoRoute GmbH Page 24 of 39

27 IMPLEMENTATION PLATFORMS CUSTOM CHIPSETS Profitability only under high volume, but heterogeneity blocks this path large programmability. PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES Feasible and affordable in vehicular networking. Processors to execute protocol stacks. FPGA for data plane functionality. Challenge: how to program this conglomerate of processor and accelerators? Copyright 2013 by InnoRoute GmbH Page 27 of 39

29 HARDWARE PLATFORM access point routing table classifier extractor processor shaper inserter Programmable Logic modules controlled by algorithms executed on a processor Copyright 2013 by InnoRoute GmbH Page 29 of 39

38 CONCLUSIONS OPTIMIZATIONS FOR VEHICULAR WI-FI Coordination and implementation of crucial techniques. networks. accelerators and embedded software applications. In-vehicle PLD for optimizations Copyright 2013 by InnoRoute GmbH Page 38 of 39