San Antonio, TX Traffic System Site Survey Grounding, Bonding, Earth Resistivity and Surge Protection Focus
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1 Page 1 of 6 San Antonio, TX Traffic System Site Survey Grounding, Bonding, Earth Resistivity and Surge Protection Focus Selected Traffic Intersections in and around the San Antonio TX area January 25, 2011 By Frank Basciano, Sales Engineer, Dehn, Inc..
2 Page 2 of 6 Executive Summary: At the direction of Lilly Banda, Traffic Management Engineer of the City of San Antonio Public Works Department, Traffic Management Division, Dehn Inc. completed a site survey of four intersections on Jan 25, Frank Basciano, Sales Engineer and Mark Brasier Account Executive for Dehn Inc accompanied three City of San Antonio Traffic Management employees having long tenure with the City. The intersections chosen varied in age and updates and most were known as trouble sites experiencing a higher than normally expected service record. Overall the grounding and bonding at all the sites were questionable at best. Earth resistivity is also an issue at one of the sites. Based on these findings, a recommendation is given that a systematic inspection of all traffic signals is done over a short time. The city currently does not have a modern earth resistivity test system. Dehn has this equipment available for sale and Lilly Banda has received a quote for such equipment. This equipment should be purchased and used as part of a preventative maintenance program. The three oldest intersections we surveyed revealed the most issues. Being upgraded over time and the wear and tear of weathering, these sites showed broken bonds, loose terminal connections (bonding issues) and some excessively high ground and earth resistance. The newest intersection on the outskirts of the city showed the most reliable grounding even being in the middle of a quarry with large rock formations. However, this site s surge protection products especially for the cameras were not well installed experiencing loose ground connections. Dehn Inc recommends that the City of San Antonio continue to work on improving its grounding, bonding and in some cases improve the earth resistivity at needed sites. In addition, the wiring methods and surge protection products currently being used are antiquated and inadequate for effective lightning protection. Wiring methods should be specified to the cabinet manufacturers to comply with modern Electro-Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) standards found in the IEC and IEEE collection of standards. Further, it is recommended that the City also incorporate the US Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Traffic Detector Handbook Third Ed (Publication No. FHWA-HRT ) especially appendixes N and O to create robust new designs and develop a preventative maintenance process. Please understand that the information in the Traffic Detector Handbook on lightning and its characteristics is antiquated and does not include information on the higher energy waveform of 10/350us mentioned in the IEC standards and IEEE standards. The current surge arresters that the City has installed are inadequate to function as a lightning protection device.
3 Page 3 of 6 San Antonio Traffic Systems Survey Jan 25, 2011 Location: Wurzbach & Bluemel Clamp-On Meter 32.5 ohms The electrical grounding was broken at the connection from the ground rod to disconnect. The technicians repaired this before we left. Earth Resistivity 38.5 ohms without power ground connected Earth Resistivity 0.19 ohms once power ground connected to the ground rod Recommendations: connecting ground wire to ground rod; use Bentonite or other approved chemical grounding method to improve earth resistivity, Dehn has a product called DEHNit (p/n ). Establish a PM for the ground rod two years.
4 Page 4 of 6 Location: Brookhollow & Heimer Clamp-On Reading: 90+ (unstable) ohms at pole; 430 ohms in cabinet Earth resisivitiy: 0.3 ohms at ground rod at pole; 137 ohms in ground rod in below ground box Approximately 5 feet between pole ground rod and ground rod in box Recommendations: bond pole & box ground rods; check below ground level clamp on pole ground rod for corrosion or looseness; use chemical like DEHNit to lower earth resistivity (two year PM), install Dehn surge arrester ( ) on incoming power block as there is no surge protection on the AC power mains (see photo just above right).
5 Page 5 of 6 Location: McCullough & Dewey Clamp-On Meter: unstable, jumping between 8 50 ohms, no noise issue with the meter Disconnect across the street, no local ground rod connection, improper cabling used to run hot and neutral. (see photo just below) Did not take Earth Resistivity because of other problems Recommendations: Have power company put new power drop on pole near control cabinet, remove across the street disconnect, ground the neutral at the disconnect on the new power drop, use new cables for power, neutral and ground,
6 Page 6 of 6 Superway Panels Clamp-On Meter 0.19 ohms in each cabinet no noise issue with Dehn meter Earth Resistivity did not take as clamp on reading showed excellent ground resistance No photos taken as new system with surge arresters installed on power and BNC coax. Recommendations: all BNC camera arresters are loose in connection to ground and the ground connection of each arrester should be bonded together and a separate (short) wire solidly bonded to ground or use a more robust method to connect the ground plates to prevent connections coming loose from vibrations over time; install Dehn Industrial Ethernet arrester ( ) for any Ethernet cable leaving the cabinet. Conclusion: The City with approx. 3,000 intersections of various ages and types also finds itself with the continuous need to upgrade to modern electronic systems. These systems are often installed in cabinets and/or locations that do not or cannot provide quality electrical power, grounding or signal cable routing. This leaves these sites vulnerable to lightning & surge activity either damaging or resetting equipment. As lightning activity is high for the state of TX, precautions need to be taken to limit the damage from these storms. Grounding and bonding is important and must be addressed; however, high quality lightning and surge arresters must also be part of the overall installation. Another very important issue is that the wire routing for these cabinets should be designed in by engineering (not left to the cabinet manufacturer s discretion) to accommodate the current best practices to limit Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI) especially against the Lightning Electro-Magnetic Pulse (LEMP). Using modest to low quality surge arresters often leads to equipment and arrester damage during storm activity. From information gathered from the technicians, there have been instances where the currently installed arresters failed catastrophically and did not protect the cabinet electronics. Surge arresters/protectors are not capable of mitigating the high energy lightning impulse. Combination lightning and surge arresters should be installed within cabinets on AC power mains and even on other cables entering or leaving the cabinet. Dehn has products that can meet these needs. If there are any questions related to this report or Dehn products, please contact me at or frank.basciano@dehn-usa.com. Respectfully submitted: Frank Basciano Sales Engineer; Dehn, Inc.
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