The Feasibility of Chaparral Restoration on Type-converted Slopes MEGAN ENGEL KIMBERLYN WILLIAMS CHRISTOPHER MCDONALD JAN BEYERS
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1 The Feasibility of Chaparral Restoration on Type-converted Slopes MEGAN ENGEL KIMBERLYN WILLIAMS CHRISTOPHER MCDONALD JAN BEYERS
2 Holtzclaw, Kenneth M., and Peggy Christian. San Timoteo Canyon. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub., Print. Introduction to the Project This study is being conducted in the San Timoteo Canyon on an Ecological Preserve owned by the Riverside Land Conservancy Historically this area had been used for rangelands. 1930s imagery indicates that the slopes had once been chaparral. Live Oak Canyon Road and San Timoteo Canyon Road El Casco Lake prior to development
3
4 Objectives Compare the effectiveness of a broad-spectrum herbicide against a grass-specific herbicide Assess the difference between seeding and planting seedlings as a mode of restoration and which is more effective Analyze the seed bank of the research area to see if a relict seed bank that could possibly be used for restoration
5 Study Area
6 Plot Design Treatment No treatment Smoke Water Application Seeding Planting No Herbicide SW Seeding Planting SW Seeding Planting Glyphosate + follow up Gly + Fus Gly + Fus SW Gly + Fus Seeding Gly + Fus Planting
7 Planting and Maintenance 4 different species were purchased: Adenostoma fasciculatum Eriogonum fasciculatum Quercus berberidifolia Rhus ovata and plots were planted 20 Dec 2012, and Glyphosate + follow-up plots were planted on 30 Jan 2013.
8 Seeding The following species were purchased for seeding treatment: Artermisia californica Adenostoma fasciculatum Eriogonum fasciculatum Gutierrezia sarothrae Quercus berberidifolia Rhus ovata Rhus trilobata *Seeding was unsuccessful
9 Transplant Success plot Glyphosate + follow-up plot
10 Survivorship of Transplants 100% Percent Survivorship of Transplants 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% applied Glyphosate applied 7-Jan 22-Jan 6-Feb 21-Feb 8-Mar 23-Mar 7-Apr 22-Apr 7-May No Herbicide Glyphosate + follow-up
11 Flowering Plants in Glyphosate + follow-up Plots Adenostoma fasciculatum in flower Eriogonum fasciculatum in flower
12 Live Plant Canopy Volume Live plant canopy volume (m 3 ) Eriogonum fasciculatum Jan 7-Feb 7-Mar 7-Apr 7-May No Herbicide Live plant canopy volume (m 3 ) Quercus berberidifolia Jan 7-Feb 7-Mar 7-Apr 7-May Only Glyphosate + Follow-up Live plant canopy volume (m 3 ) Adenostoma fasciculatum Jan 7-Feb 7-Mar 7-Apr 7-May Live plant canopy volume (m 3 ) Rhus ovata Jan-13 7-Feb-13 7-Mar-13 7-Apr-13 7-May-13
13 Soil Moisture Sample Depth increments: 0-5 cm 5-15 cm cm Treatment No treatment Smoke Water Application No Herbicide Glyphosate + follow up Gly + Fus SW SW Gly + Fus SW Seeding Seeding Seeding Gly + Fus Seeding Planting Planting Planting Gly + Fus Planting
14 Soil Moisture Results % Soil Water Content (g H 2 O/g dry soil) No Irrigation (not planted) 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 0-5 cm cm With Irrigation (planted plots) 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 0-5 cm 5-15 cm 5-15 cm cm No Herbicide Only Glyphosate + follow-up
15 Partial Summary The Glyphosate + follow-up treatment promoted survival, growth and flowering of shrub seedlings -only treatment was not effective Soil moisture content of the Glyphosate + followup treated plots was higher
16 Is There a Relict Native Seed Bank on the Site? The soil was spread into flats, and 4 different treatments were applied no treatment smoke water smoke water + heat gibberellic acid. Plants were then transplanted and keyed
17 Seed-Bank Results 120 Total Number of Seedlings Weedy Non-Natives Weedy Natives Other Native Herbs Native Shrubs Native Species in plots that did not come up in the seed-bank Study: Calochortus plummerae Dichelostemma capitatum 0
18 Summary Glyphosate + follow-up was most effective. Plant growth and survivorship in the plots with the Glyphosate + follow-up treatment was more effective than non herbicide plots. Seeding was unsuccessful, and planting was successful in those plots that were treated with the Glyphosate + follow-up. On this site, the relict seed bank was minor and may be insufficient to assist in restoration.
19 Acknowledgements US Forest Service Jan Beyers, PSW Research Station Kimberlyn Williams, CSUSB Christopher McDonalnd, UCANR Riverside Land Conservancy Riverside-Corona Resource Conservation District Wild California Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden RECON Native Plants Richard Perrette, Dan Engel, Larry Westrick, Lindsey Schultze, and Cathrine Lytle
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