Salem Smart Power sm Project

Transcription

2 Salem Smart Power Project State-of-the-art smart grid demonstration highlights: 5 MW battery storage with 1.26 MWh energy for renewable balancing (firm and shape) High-reliability zone when coupled with PGE s DSG system Demand Response: highly flexible and wholesale market responsive Detection & automated switching for advanced protection Transactive Control - economic dispatch via custom pricing for specific location 2

3 Smart Grid Salem and Beyond Location: Salem, Oregon Oxford Rural kv feeder serving commercial and residential customers Objectives: Participate with Battelle, BPA & 11 utilities Pacific NW Smart Grid Demonstration $178 Million 2010 through

4 Salem Smart Power Project Funding Total Project: USDOE ARRA grant + BPA = $178 million PGE + Vendors as sub-contractors = $25 million of which $12 million from USDOE + BPA as match $13 million from PGE + Vendors Thus: Vendors = $7 million (mostly in-kind) PGE = $6 million Or, for every $1 from PGE there is $3 of external contribution 4

5 Motivation PGE customer service, transmission & distribution environment: Distributed resources, efficiency, renewables top of mind for PGE customers Technology changes in work and asset management, mobile/scheduling, electric vehicles, smart grid, real-time information and renewables will continue to change how PGE serves customers Energy storage will continue to emerge as the next critical social energy need Long-term goals Develop suitable business models around local solar, distributed generation, demand response, and other technologies to bring capacity solutions closer to the service territory 5

6 Salem Smart Power Center: 8,000 sq ft 6

7 Li-Ion Battery Module test / tracking station One Cell 4.1 V 24 Cells per Module 2 strings in parallel Yields 49.2V per module 7

8 Voltaic Pile Alessandro Volta: ca The Pile: Metal disks separated by layers of cardboard soaked in salt water Layer = 1 element About 0.75 V per element 8

9 Several Battery Racks Four modules per drawer V 9

10 Filled Li-ion Battery Rack 3 drawers per string (series) V 3 Strings per Vault (parallel) V Control Drawer for Vault 1 CPU 10

11 Many Battery Racks Fire Control Planning & Features: Thermographic Imaging Analysis Heat Dissipation Roof Venting Fire Trace Rupturable Tubing (in situ) Safety Features (Above Conventional) Hot (arc Flash) and Cold Aisle Control Extensive Safety Manual T&D Safety Reviews Required Briefing before entry Emergency Stop 11

12 Lithium Ion Battery + Inverter Make Up Battery 1 cell is about 4.1 V 24 cells per 1 module (49.2 V) 4 modules per drawer (196.8 V) 3 drawers per string (590.4 V) 3 strings per vault (590.4V) 2 vaults per Rack (590.4 V) Vault = 31.5 kwh 40 Vaults = 1.26 MWH 2 Vaults per 250 KW Block (4) 250 KW Blocks per MW 8 Vaults per MW Inverter 1 Inverter per 250 KW Block (20) Inverters per 5 MW 12

13 Inverter Cabinet and Conditioning Transformer 13

14 Salem Energy Storage Facility Plan Educational Gallery Funded Exhibits Learnings Viewing Windows Tours (in planning) Curriculum 14

15 Re-Charge Rate Caveats and Limitations: Designed Maximum Rate: 15 to 20 Minutes Stress Prototype Demonstration up to 250 kw Can do this 3 or 4 times in rapid succession before 40 C At 40 C need to shut down & cool for a few hours Best Estimates at Present: Constant this pace likely reduces battery life At a rate 4x slower (1 / hour); should support battery longevity; reduced heating Present aim: 1/day charge & discharge between 20 80% capacity Target: 3,000 cycles or 10 year lifespan Round Trip Efficiency 90% under typical operating conditions 15

16 With Gratitude to Professor Volta, So What s Next? 16

17 High Reliability Zone (HRZ) Modes of Operation On-Grid: Connected to and supported by the PGE System On-Grid and Peak Shaving: Connected to the PGE System and 1. Supported by the PGE System 2. HRZ generation (Peak Shaving) Off-Grid (Islanded): Disconnected from the PGE system and supported by DSG generation Confidential - For Internal Discussion Purposes Only 17

18 High Reliability Zone or Microgrid Distributed Generation Sources of local distributed generation: (2) 1.25 MW diesel generators State of Oregon Data Center (2) 0.8 MW diesel generators Armed Forces Reserve Center (2) 0.8 MW diesel generators Oregon Military Department Total Power Capacity: 5.7 MW NOTES: These units are part of PGE s Dispatchable Standby Generation program Typical load on the Distribution Feeder is 2.5 MW 18

19 Solar Integration - Problem Statement Solar Insolation Curve for 7/21/2012 Baldock Highway Real Data 1400 kw Drastic dips in solar power output create fluctuations in load on the feeder Hour of Day 19

20 Problem Statement Kettle Brand 114kW A Typical Summer Day 20

21 The Inverter-based Response to Solar Shaping Algorithm Battery will charge and discharge to make real solar insolation match ideal solar insolation. 21

22 Solar Energy is not the Only Source of Fluctuations 3.5 A Typical Day on the Rural Feeder 7/6/2012, Load Hour of Day 22

23 And Summertime Peak is Detrimental Average Weekday Load by Month for the Oxford-Rural Feeder MW Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Hour of Day

24 22,000 Load Tap Changes Per Year (Typical) 24

25 Solar Integration - Problem Solution The battery inverter system needs to quickly and automatically charge and discharge in response to the system load and solar output. 1. Create an ideal load curve 2. Create a solar insolation curve 3. Measure real load and solar PV output in real-time 4. Output the difference between real load+solar and ideal load+solar 25

26 How is that Accomplished? Mathematically model the feeder s average load Create an ideal solar insolation curve given time of day Subtract the ideal solar output from the average load to achieve an ideal load curve for load smoothing and reference signal for BIS controller Compare actual load solar output with the ideal curve and modulate battery charge/discharge to force substation output to match the ideal curve 26

27 It All Boils Down To This: This is an error signal: (Real Load Real Solar Output) (Ideal Load Ideal Solar Output) What I got What I want Create a PID controller that adjusts the BIS output as a function of error: Controller Output α (Real Load Real Solar Output) (Ideal Load Ideal Solar Output) 27

28 Result 28

29 Result (Closer Look) Reference Signal for Load Smoothing Feeder Load has Fewer and less Pronounced Squiggles Ideal Load Feeder Load Customer Load Battery Inverter Response Battery State of Charge October 10, :20 to 8:50 am 29

30 Net Effects and Benefits Net Effects Integrates real PV output through the feeder load Feeder load is flattened to the extent solar peak = load peak Reduces fluctuation the feeder load Benefits and Outlook Should be able to do same with a wind signal Addresses the Duck Curve Less feeder load variability yields fewer Load Tap Changes o Less Wear and Tear on Load Tap Changer o Likely increase in Transformer life (durability) o Improved Transformer reliability = greater customer system reliability 30

31 Frequency Support, NERC BAL Red = system frequency Blue = 1-min running ave. of system freq. (don t respond to short blips) Purple = output from batteries (5MW) Green = substation output (goes down because battery went up) Orange = battery state of charge (goes down to about 50% then returns to 80% when the event is over) Black dotted line is the command Setpoint for the inverter output Feb 22, 2015, 8:44 am 660 MW of Generation Lost 31

32 Valuation / Use Tests 1. Respond to transactive node/transactive signal 2. 5 MW load response to under-voltage load shedding event 3. Distribution automation using advanced, intelligent relays 4. Real-time solar integration utilizing Kettle Brands solar output signal 5. Up/Down frequency regulation kw of demand response benefit MWh of energy shift from on-peak costs to off-peak costs 8. 2 to 4 MW of real-time voltage & frequency for system OPS 9. kvar support and control on the distribution feeder MWh of off-peak ability to absorb excess wind power 11. Adaptive Conservation Voltage Reduction (ACVR) 12. Use as a dispatchable standby generation (DSG) resource 32

33 Principal Vendors / Partners High Reliability Zone Lithium-ion batteries: Enerdel, Indianapolis Inverters and battery-inverter management: Eaton, Warrendale, PA Host facility and grid: PGE Transactive Node Battelle (IBM) Richland, WA PGE + 11 other utilities Pacific Northwest Region Demand Response Alstom - UISOL (Software) - California PGE customers (20 residential water heaters, 51 voluntary commercial) 33