The Arctic Ocean Science Council - A User Report

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1 Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada 2013 Update 2013 Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada

2 Arctic Observing Networks Canada Table of Contents Introduction Overview of Approach Section A: Atmospheric Observations A-1: Atmospheric Observations Marine Networks...11 Surface Weather Networks 14 Upper Air Networks 17 A-2: Canadian Aerosol Baseline Measurement (CABM) Program 20 A-3: Canadian Greenhouse Gas Measurement Program 24 Additional Atmospheric Observing Networks Carbon Project Airborne Research Capability for Measurements of Atmospheric Phenomena Space Weather Forecast Centre Surface Research Instrument Capability for Measurements of Atmospheric Phenomena National SAR Winds Program Section B: Aquatic Ecosystem Observations 2013 Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page B-1: Hydrometric Observations 26 B-2: Arctic Oceanographic Observations 29 B-3: Arctic Marine Biodiversity Monitoring Network B-4: YukonWater Additional Aquatic Observing Networks Wetlands Monitoring Beaufort Region Environmental Assessment (BREA) Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS) Species at Risk 38 Section C: Terrestrial Ecosystem Observations C-1: Arctic Avian Monitoring Network 39 C-2: Forest Assessment Project 42 C-3: Yukon Conservation Data Centre 45 C-4: Fire Weather/Road Monitoring Data Warehouse 47 Additional Terrestrial Observing Networks Arctic Goose Populations Monitoring Program Inuvialuit Harvest Study Mackenzie Delta Tundra Swans as Indicators North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) National Harvest Survey NWT/NU Bird Checklist Survey Community-Based Ecological Knowledge Collection 49

3 Yukon Roadside Breeding Waterfowl Survey Yukon Spring Migration Monitoring Polar Bear Monitoring CircumArctic Rangifer Monitoring and Assessment (CARMA) Network Arctic Borderlands Ecological Knowledge Co-op Arctic Ecosystems Monitoring Parks Canada Ecological Integrity Monitoring Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on Wildlife Habitat Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program NatureWatch Climate Change Adaptation Project Section D: Cryospheric Observations D-1: Canadian Permafrost Monitoring Network D-2: Yukon Permafrost Network D-3: National Glacier-Climate Observing System 55 D-4: Canadian Ice Services (CIS) 58 D-5: RADARSAT Science Polar Dataset 61 Additional Cryospheric Observing Networks Long-term Permafrost Climate Auto-stations Cryosphere Monitoring Freshwater Ice Permafrost Monitoring Satellite-derived Snow Cover Datasets and Maps Glacier Monitoring Section E: Human Health 63 E-1: International Circumpolar Surveillance System (ICS) 64 E-2: Circumpolar Health Observatory (CircHOB) 66 E-3: International Arctic Human Biomonitoring 70 E-4: Northern Human Biomonitoring 73 Additional Human Health Observing Networks Canadian Hazard Information System Emergency Geomatics Service Canadian Radiological Monitoring Network Inuit Health Survey Climate Change and Health Adaptation Program for Northern First Nations and Inuit Communities Section F: Multi-disciplinary Networks 75 F-1: Northern Contaminants Program (NCP) 76 F-2: Centre d etudes nordiques (CEN) observing program 79 F-3: ArcticNet Network of Excellence Observing Program 83 F-4: Northern Petroleum Resources Directorate 88 F-5: Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program F-6: Geomatics Yukon F-7: Yukon Invasive Species Network F-8: Yukon Socio-Economic Web Portal Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 3

4 Additional Multi-disciplinary Observing Networks Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program (CIMP) Nunavut General Monitoring Plan (NGMP) espace Canada s Legal Boundaries Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP)..102 Annex 1 Overview of Data Collection Methodologies Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 4

5 Introduction The Canadian Arctic has been defined within this Inventory using the same definition as that from International Polar Year; that is the area north of the southernmost limit of discontinuous permafrost. This definition includes areas south of the 60º North latitude, and also the northern reaches of some of Canada s southern provinces (e.g. Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and Newfoundland and Labrador). The Arctic is currently experiencing numerous and unprecedented changes. Climate change as well as economic and resource development, both on land and in marine areas, are exacerbating environmental change and affecting the culture and economy of the Arctic. Yet, there is limited scientific understanding in regards to how the Arctic ecosystem functions, underscoring the importance of Canada establishing operative observing and monitoring networks in the Arctic region. The purpose of Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks (SAON) is to enhance pan-arctic observing activities by facilitating partnerships and synergies among existing observation and data management activities, and to promote sharing and synthesis of data and information to serve societal needs, particularly those related to environmental, social, economic, and cultural issues. Canada shares the SAON vision that users of observations have open access to data to realize pan- Arctic and global value-added services and societal benefits. Members of the SAON Canada National Coordinating Committee represent federal and territorial governments, academia, Aboriginal groups, and other representative organizations. One of the first initiatives undertaken was the compilation of the 2009 Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks in Canada. This was also the first comprehensive inventory of federal observing initiatives compiled in Canada. Overview of Approach Since 2009, additional information on Arctic Observing systems has been compiled by the Government of Canada as a component of an initiative called Federal Integrated Network of Science and Technology (FINeST). The 2013 Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada represents the integration of these baseline initiatives. Building on these baseline initiatives, questions regarding funding sources, end-users, and data collection methods were incorporated in the 2013 edition of the Inventory. Data collection methodologies for the purposes of this inventory were identified as; community-based monitoring, in-situ (field stations and ships/ aircraft), and remote sensing (satellites and autonomous vehicles). Data collection methods were examined (annex 1) in an attempt to determine the degree to which community-based monitoring (CBM) currently plays a role in Arctic observing networks. It was found in-situ (field stations and/ or ships) were the most common method of data collection utilized by 78% of networks, whereas 50% of observing networks examined self-identified as utilizing communitybased monitoring and 43% listed remote sensing (satellites and/ or autonomous vehicles) as being utilized. One of the twelve networks which listed community-based monitoring as a data collection method did not employ any other data-collection method, while seven out of eighteen networks which utilized in-situ data collection opted not to utilize any other data collection method. None of the atmospheric or terrestrial networks examined utilized community-based monitoring while more than half of the aquatic, cryospheric and human health networks and all of the multi-disciplinary networks listed community-based monitoring as a data collection method Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 5

6 SAON has identified a need to better define and incorporate community-based monitoring (CBM), a process which engages Arctic residents, governmental and non-governmental agencies, industry and academia in ongoing observing and monitoring of Arctic change as well as traditional knowledge defined as, the cumulative and transmitted knowledge, experience, and wisdom of human communities with a long-term attachment to place (Kliskey et al. 2009) in order to improve synergistic relationships within the Arctic observing community and fill gaps in state of the Arctic reporting. CBM is an integral component of Arctic monitoring that was not well articulated in the 2009 Inventory. Efforts are ongoing to determine how best CBM can contribute to an integrated monitoring network. Current approaches to CBM in the Canadian Arctic often incorporate both Western scientific methodologies as well as traditional or Indigenous knowledge but to varying degrees. The most common approaches to CBM include: Projects based primarily on Western scientific methods and driven by information needs of institutions located outside of the community (here TK is mostly used in sample and/ or data collection, which is often done by or with the support of community members) Projects initiated and performed solely by community member and Collaborative approaches that draw on both local expertise and traditional knowledge alongside Western science (in the latter two approaches, TK is easily incorporated in all aspects of the projects) Information regarding CBM collected via the 2013 Inventory will be used to support and contribute to the work of the Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC). The ICC is leading an international review of community-based monitoring in the context of SAON process (SAON Task 9), which will encompass the ICC s new initiative, the Atlas of Community Based Monitoring in the Arctic, a collaborative project that led by the ICC, in partnership with the Exchange for Local Observations and Knowledge of the Arctic (ELOKA), and Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami s (ITK s) Inuit Knowledge Center. The Atlas will aid in connecting community-based monitoring projects with one another, as well as with potential resources, generating a network that can be utilized by researchers, funders, policy makers, and interested communities. The Canadian Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks is presented in a thematic framework. This framework grouping was utilized to enable synergies to become evident and enhance awareness of possibilities for future integration across the themed components. Key components of Arctic observing were identified to include observations relating to the Atmosphere, Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems, Cryosphere, and Human Health. Networks which encompass two or more of these themes were included under the name Multi-disciplinary. Underpinning each observational network are data collection and management responsibilities, a key component of SAON s objective in enhancing Arctic-wide observing (Figure 1) Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 6

7 Data Collection & Management Figure 1 Data collection and management underpin all observational networks. All parties with interests in Arctic monitoring recognize that the existing monitoring networks generally lack coordination across their various functions. At present, Arctic observing programs, as well as data collection and management activities, are scattered and housed in many organizations and jurisdictions, sometimes at the individual researcher level. Data management responsibilities are integral to all observing networks and should be reinforced as such. Agencies responsible for acquiring observations are equally responsible for managing and disseminating data, as well as integrating and analyzing data so as to increase our understanding and to provide advice and direction on a wide range of management responsibilities. There appears to be an increasing willingness to work more closely together and across disciplines that this Inventory hopes to promote and capitalize upon to optimize observing and data management via collaboration. Figure 2 presents a concept of how the various themed components may fit together to generate an integrated network. Integration of federal monitoring networks with observations pertaining to; Atmosphere, Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems, Cryosphere, and Human Health is integral to sustain coordinated pan-arctic observing and data sharing which serves societal needs, particularly those related to environmental, social, economic and cultural issues. This inventory provides a medium to disseminate information pertaining to ongoing monitoring networks and acts as a means to create awareness and encourage integration and collaboration. Figure 2 Observational networks must work to facilitate partnerships and synergies to promote sharing and synthesis of data and information to serve societal needs, emphasizing the significance of data management to effective monitoring networks. In order to more widely share information pertaining to SAON Canada as well as the information contained within this Inventory, a SAON Canada web site ( has been launched which will serve as a window to Canadian Arctic observing networks and their activities. Federally Funded Community-Based Monitoring Feature Examples 2013 Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 7

8 In keeping with SAON s aim to better define and incorporate community-based monitoring in order to improve synergistic relationships within the Arctic observing community and fill gaps in state of the Arctic reporting as well as to further supplement annex 1 (p. 87) two examples of Arctic observing networks utilizing community-based monitoring have been featured below. Arctic Oceanographic Observations (p.29) Canadian Ranger Ocean Watch (CROW) is the result of a partnership established in 2010 between Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) and the Department of National Defence (DND) and more recently the Vancouver Aquarium and Cambridge High Arctic Research Station (CHARS). The Arctic environment is changing faster than anywhere else on Earth, yet we have a limited scientific understanding regarding the Arctic ecosystem. One reason for this is the difficulty involved in reaching the frozen Arctic Ocean to obtain measurements during the winter months. CROW aims to ascertain a baseline of marine conditions around the Canadian Arctic Archipelago against which future change can be measured. The Rangers, reservists with the Canadian military, are highly skilled and knowledgeable local hunters and trappers. Typically working within 300 km of the patrols community, Canadian Rangers have an intimate knowledge of local surroundings, allowing Rangers to act as the hub of a two-way network to observe key climate and environmental parameters within the marine environment of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Figure 3 Concept map of future geographic scope of CROW and the Arctic communities involved. Four communities (Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak, Cambridge Bay, and Kugluktuk) are currently involved in CROW. Below is a concept map of the future geographic scope of CROW and the communities involved throughout the Canadian Arctic. Prior to the establishment of CROW, the Canadian Arctic Archipelago was near-devoid of oceanographic data relevant to ice thickness and hardness, currents and basic environmental conditions. Currently, the Rangers measure key observational parameters at pre-determined locations during annual training patrols throughout the ice-covered period. Measurements collected include: snow and ice thickness; snow/ ice interface temperature; water column temperature; salinity; chlorophyll content; dissolved oxygen; and surface nutrient concentrations. In addition to these oceanographic observations, the Rangers record wildlife observations en route using a GISbased field computer Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 8

9 Figure 4 Concept of sampling performed by the Rangers as part of CROW (above). Figure 5 Mike Dempsey of DFO is shown guiding a CTD into an augured hole in the ice while one of the Cambridge Bay Rangers uses the hand-cranked winch (right). CROW benefits both DFO and the international climate science and modeling community through data acquisition as well as the individual communities of the Ranger patrols via direct information regarding operational conditions (i.e. critical break-up period) with direct applications to safety and security. Moving forward, CROW aims to establish a sustainable long-term monitoring project in which the Rangers and Arctic communities monitor the environment while formally tasked with addressing Environmental Stewardship, one of the four pillars of the Arctic Strategy. The people of the North hold invaluable local and traditional knowledge, which when combined with western scientific understanding provides new insight. Via this relationship between Rangers and scientists a deeper understanding of the Canadian Arctic will emerge Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 9

10 Arctic Marine Biodiversity Monitoring Network (p.32) To be completed 2013 Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 10

11 Section A: Atmospheric Observations A-1: Atmospheric Observations Marine Networks Contact Person: Chris Marshall Address: Website: Main Objectives of the Network: To acquire atmospheric data in the marine environment to support of both the prediction and detection of severe weather and of climate trend and variability research. This serves a broad range of users including researchers, policy makers and, service providers. The observations and data produced by the network contribute to the safety, health, well-being and economic prosperity of Canadians When Operational (years): Ship Observations: since the 1940s Moored Buoys: since 1985 Drifting Buoys: since the 1980s Geographical Coverage International: National: Canada Regional (within Canada): Arctic Basin, including Beaufort Sea, Northeastern waters (Baffin Bay, Hudson Bay, and Labrador Sea Collaborators (please list organizations/ program names): Canadian Coast Guard Department of Fisheries and Oceans Department of National Defense ArcticNet World Meteorological Organization and supporting bodies/commissions (e.g. Joint WMO-IOC Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology) Funding Source (if available): Environment Canada (Federal Government), including recent METAREA initiative Identified End-Users: The observations and data produced by the monitoring function are used for a wide variety of applications by diverse end-user communities. Internal EC users (i.e. MSC/WSC) include but are not limited to; Marine and Public weather forecast program, Numerical Weather Prediction, Canadian Meteorological Centre, Weather and Environmental Services, and Science and Technology. External users include but are not limited to; Canadian and International marine community, Canadian and International Safety and Security agencies (e.g. CCG, USCG), Other federal departments, provincial agencies, additional levels of government (including municipal), academia, private industry, northern residents, and other National Meteorological, and Hydrological Services through the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 11

12 Data Collection Methods (please check all that apply): Community-Based Monitoring Specify: In-situ Field Stations Ships Other: Buoys (moored and drifting) Remote Sensing Satellite Autonomous Vehicles Other: Other Specify: Thematic Area (please check all that apply): Atmosphere Climate Air Quality Surface Upper Air Aquatic Coastal Physical Ocean AND Biological Freshwater Ecosystem Terrestrial Flora Fauna Ecosystem Cryosphere Sea-Ice Glaciers Snow Permafrost Human Health Specify: DATA ACCESSIBILITY Main Variables (please list): Drifting Buoys (Ocean and ice); Sea surface temperature 2013 Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 12

13 Air Temperature Atmospheric pressure Position information (surface current or ice motion) Note: Some record wind speed and direction Data available on hourly basis via Iridium and ARGOS satellite systems Ships (AVOS); Wind speed and direction Atmospheric Pressure Air temperature Sea surface temperature Humidity Note: Recorded when appropriate; present weather, past weather, amount of cloud, type of cloud, height of cloud base, visibility, direction of movement of waves, period of waves, height of waves, sea-ice and/ or icing of ship superstructure Data recorded; Hourly data reports via Iridium, satellite Main Gaps: 1. Due to Canada s vast geography there remain many areas, notably in northern Canada, and the Arctic Basin (marine), where EC s existing networks are not currently meeting the diverse needs for weather, climate and hydrometric observational data. EC recognizes these gaps and is working collaboratively towards addressing them through integrated, cost-effective and sustainable solutions. 2. Long-term, atmospheric monitoring in the North poses a significant challenge both operationally (e.g. in-situ automated snowfall measurements) and financially (chartered flights for maintenance and calibration). Most monitoring in the North is limited to populated areas. Data Availability: Metadata Open All data Restricted (to whom): Not accessible Level of fee to be paid (if any): Tailored data is available on a cost-recovered basis. Meta Data Location (url): Not available Data Archive (url): National Data Archives maintained by Environment Canada at Data is available as a text bulletin format from the Meteorological Services Center Data Archive and Analysis Division. Data, including meteorological elements as well as complete wave spectrum data are archived and available via the Integrated Science Data Management system operated by Fisheries and Oceans Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 13

14 A-1: Atmospheric Observations Surface Weather and Climate Networks Program/ Network name: Surface Weather and Climate Networks Contact Person: Charles Paterson Address: Website: Main Objectives of the Network: To acquire atmospheric data in support of both the prediction and detection of severe weather and of climate trend and variability research. This serves a broad range of users including researchers, policy makers and, service providers. The observations and data produced by the network contribute to the safety, health, well-being and economic prosperity of Canadians. When Operational (years): 1950 present Note: Some climatological records have been systematically collected since Most of the automatic stations date back to mid-1990 s, although a few extend back earlier. Geographical Coverage International: National: Canada Regional (within Canada): Collaborators (please list organizations/ program names): Department of National Defense Nav Canada World Meteorological Organization and supporting bodies/commissions (e.g. Regional Association IV, Commission for Basic Systems, Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation) Funding Source (if available): Environment Canada Identified End-Users: The observations and data produced by the monitoring function are used for a wide variety of applications by diverse end-user communities Internal users (i.e. MSC/WSC) include but are not limited to; Weather Forecasters, Numerical Weather Prediction, Canadian Meteorological Centre, and Weather and Environmental Services Science and Technology. External users include but are not limited to; Other federal departments, provincial agencies, additional levels of government (including municipal), academia, private industry, and other National Meteorological and Hydrological Services through the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Data Collection Methods (please check all that apply): Community-Based Monitoring Specify: In-situ 2013 Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 14

15 Field Stations Ships Other: Remote Sensing Satellite Autonomous Vehicles Other: Other Specify: l Thematic Area (please check all that apply): Atmosphere Climate Air Quality Surface Upper Air Aquatic Coastal Physical Ocean AND Biological Freshwater Ecosystem Terrestrial Flora Fauna Ecosystem Cryosphere Sea-Ice Glaciers Snow Permafrost Human Health Specify: DATA ACCESSIBILITY Main Variables (please list): Hourly; Temperature Humidity 10 m and 2 m wind Peak wind Total precipitation Surface pressure Seasonal rate-of-rainfall Differential snow depth Note: Some stations report solar radiation Daily Climate Stations; 2013 Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 15

16 Maximum and minimum temperature Total precipitation Main Gaps: 1. Due to Canada s vast geography there remain many areas, notably in rural, marine and northern Canada, where EC s existing networks are not currently meeting the diverse needs for weather, climate and hydrometric observational data. EC recognizes these gaps and is working collaboratively towards addressing them through integrated, cost-effective and sustainable solutions. 2. Long-term, atmospheric monitoring in the North poses a significant challenge both operationally (e.g. in-situ automated snowfall measurements) and financially (chartered flights for maintenance and calibration). Most monitoring in the North is limited to populated areas. Data Availability: Metadata Open All data Restricted (to whom): Not accessible Level of fee to be paid (if any): Tailored data is available on a cost-recovered basis. Meta Data Location (url): Not available Data Archive (url): National Data Archives maintained by Environment Canada Real Time data available at: Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 16

17 A-1: Atmospheric Observations Upper Air Networks Program/ Network name: Upper Air Networks Contact Person: Patti Edwards Address: Website: Main Objectives of the Network: To acquire atmospheric-profiled data primarily in support of weather forecasting activities. In particular, upper air information is critical to the operation of weather models run on super computers at the Canadian Meteorlogical Centre (CMC) in Dorval, Quebec, and at other major weather centres around the world. The observations and data produced by the network contribute to the safety, wellbeing and economic prosperity of Canadians. The current Canadian Upper-Air network consists of 31 core radiosonde stations across the country, 16 of which are located in close proximity to or north of 60 o N; supplemented by an AMDAR network which provides temperature and wind observations from commercial aircraft that do service northern Canadian cities such as Yellowknife and Whitehorse. When Operational (years): Radiosonde Network: since the mid-1950 s AMDAR Network: since 2002 Geographical Coverage International: National: Canada Regional (within Canada): Collaborators (please list organizations/ program names): World Meteorological Organization and supporting bodies/commissions (e.g. Regional Association IV, Commission for Basic Systems, Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation) AMDAR Jazz Air Funding Source (if available): Environment Canada Identified End-Users: The observations and data produced by the monitoring function are used for a wide variety of applications by diverse end-user communities. Internal users (i.e. MSC/WSC) include but are not limited to; Human Forecasters (pubic and aviation), Numerical Weather Prediction, Canadian Meteorological Centre, Weather and Environmental Services, and Science and Technology External users include but are not limited to; Other federal departments, provincial agencies, additional levels of government (including municipal), academia, private industry, and other National Meteorological, and Hydrological Services through the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Data Collection Methods (please check all that apply): 2013 Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 17

18 Community-Based Monitoring Specify: In-situ Field Stations Ships Other: _Radiosondes Remote Sensing Satellite Autonomous Vehicles Other: Other Specify: _ Commercial Aircraft Thematic Area (please check all that apply): Atmosphere Climate Air Quality Surface Upper Air Aquatic Coastal Physical Ocean AND Biological Freshwater Ecosystem Terrestrial Flora Fauna Ecosystem Cryosphere Sea-Ice Glaciers Snow Permafrost Human Health Specify: DATA ACCESSIBILITY Main Variables (please list): Radiosondes; 00 z and 12 z Temperature Humidity Atmospheric pressure Wind speed and direction 2013 Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 18

19 Note: Some stations measure atmospheric ozone on a weekly basis Commercial Aircraft (AMDAR); Tropospheric profiles Atmospheric Pressure Aircraft position Phase of flight Air temperature Wind speed and direction Time Main Gaps: 1. Due to Canada s vast geography there remain many areas, notably in rural, marine and northwestern Canada, where upper profiles of the atmosphere are sparse 2. Long-term, atmospheric monitoring in the North poses a significant challenge both operationally (e.g. in-situ automated snowfall measurements) and financially (chartered flights for maintenance and calibration). Most monitoring in the North is limited to populated areas. 3. Attempts to develop an AMDAR capacity out of regional carriers First Air and Canadian North fleets failed due to economical and technical difficulties. As demonstrated through impact studies, benefits of AMDAR in the North would be tremendous, however this would require acquisition and deployment of specialized sensing packages such as TAMDAR (which included measurements of relative humidity), development of datalink capacity through satellite communications (e.g. Iridium), and upgrading some aircraft systems when possible, especially the aircraft navigation systems. Data Availability: Metadata Open All data Restricted (to whom): Not accessible Level of fee to be paid (if any): Tailored data is available on a cost-recovered basis. Meta Data Location (url): Not available Data Archive (url): National Data Archives maintained by Environment Canada Real-time: GTS bulletin formats Historical: available upon request on a cost-recovered basis from the Meteorological Services Center 2013 Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 19

20 A-2: Canadian Aerosol Baseline Measurement (CABM) Program Contact Person: Sangeeta Sharma Address: Contact Person: Carrie Taylor Address: Website: Main Objectives of the Network: The Canadian Aerosol Baseline Measurement (CABM) Program monitors changes in the physical and chemical properties of aerosols which influence Canadian air quality and climate. The network includes four sites managed by Environment Canada (EC) in operation since EC collaborates with the U.S. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/ Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ ESRL) on the optical properties measurements. The four sites represent the high Arctic (Alert, NU), the Boreal forest (East Trout Lake, SK), the remote west coast (Whistler, B.C.), and a rural area in eastern Canada (Egbert, ON) with a slowly increasing influence from urbanization. When Operational (years): 1988 present Geographical Coverage International: National: Canada Regional (within Canada): Alert, NU; East Trout Lake, SK; Whistler, BC; Egbert, ON Collaborators (please list organizations/ program names): Environment Canada U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/ Earth System Research Laboratory Funding Source (if available): Federal Clean Air Regulatory Agenda + Abase funds. Identified End-Users: World Data Center, GAW community, NatChem data base users, and National and International academia Data Collection Methods (please check all that apply): Community-Based Monitoring Specify: In-situ Field Stations Ships Other: Remote Sensing Satellite Autonomous Vehicles Other: 2013 Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 20

21 Other Specify: Thematic Area (please check all that apply): Atmosphere Climate Air Quality Surface Upper Air Aquatic Coastal Physical Ocean AND Biological Freshwater Ecosystem Terrestrial Flora Fauna Ecosystem Cryosphere Sea-Ice Glaciers Snow Permafrost Human Health Specify: DATA ACCESSIBILITY Main Variables (please list): Chemical composition Radiative properties (light scattering and absorption) Aerosol number concentrations and size distribution Main Gaps: 1. Long-term monitoring of atmospheric composition for climate studies in the North is spares. Additional sites are required to fully characterize; Long range transport contributions to Arctic climate warming from short lived climate forcers Impact of northern economic development and marine transportation Note: Potential site locations are under consideration in the Northwest Arctic Data Availability: Metadata Open All data Restricted (to whom): Not accessible 2013 Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 21

22 Level of fee to be paid (if any): None Note: month time lag, with data submitted annually Meta Data Location (url): Not available Data Archive (url): WMO World Data Centre for GHGs: Environment Canada NATChem: Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 22

23 A-3: Canadian Greenhouse Gas Measurement Program Contact Person: Doug Worthy Address: Contact Person: Carrie Taylor Address: Website: Main Objectives of the Network: Environment Canada's Greenhouse Gas Measurement Program operates a network of stations to accurately measure atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases from coastal, interior and arctic regions in Canada. The data collected at these stations is used to: Identify trends; seasonal variability and spatial distribution of greenhouse gases in Canada. Provide a coherent and consistent picture of the present and past states of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, as a result of changing atmospheric transport patterns, emissions from natural sources, such as from wetlands and forests and emissions to the atmosphere due to human activities, including the burning of fossil fuels. Provide the scientific and policy-making communities with high quality baseline and trend information that contributes to the development and evaluation of mitigation plans and tracks the effectiveness of Canadian and international policies and regulations. When Operational (years): 1975 present Note: Start dates vary with species Geographical Coverage International: National: Canada Regional (within Canada): Alert, NU Collaborators (please list organizations/ program names): Environment Canada World Meteorological Organization Funding Source (if available): Clean Air Regulatory Agenda + A-base funding Identified End-Users: World Data Center, GAW community, and national and international academia Data Collection Methods (please check all that apply): Community-Based Monitoring Specify: In-situ Field Stations Ships Other: Remote Sensing Satellite 2013 Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 23

24 Autonomous Vehicles Other: Other Specify: Thematic Area (please check all that apply): Atmosphere Climate Air Quality Surface Upper Air Aquatic Coastal Physical Ocean AND Biological Freshwater Ecosystem Terrestrial Flora Fauna Ecosystem Cryosphere Sea-Ice Glaciers Snow Permafrost Human Health Specify: DATA ACCESSIBILITY Main Variables (please list): Carbon Dioxide CFC-11 and CFC-12 Sulphur Hexafluoride Carbon Monoxide Nitrous oxide Methane Carbon Dioxide isotopes for C and O Hydrogen Main Gaps: 1. Long-term monitoring of atmospheric composition for climate studies in the North is sparse. Additional sites are required to fully characterize; Long range transport contributions to Arctic climate warming from short lived climate forcers Atmospheric impacts from warming Arctic (permafrost and wetland impacts) Impact of northern economic development and marine transportation 2013 Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 24

25 Note: Recent expansion of the GHG Measurement Program to include sites at Behchoko, NWT, Cambridge Bay, NU and Inuvik, NWT Data Availability: Metadata Open All data Restricted (to whom): Not accessible Level of fee to be paid (if any): None Note: month time lag, with data submitted annually Meta Data Location (url): Not available Data Archive (url): WMO World Data Centre for GHGs: Environment Canada NATChem: Additional Atmospheric Observing Networks Program Name Airborne Research Capability for Measurements of Atmospheric Phenomena Carbon Project National SAR Winds Program Space Weather Forecast Centre Surface Research Instrument Capability for Measurements of Atmospheric Phenomena Contact Stewart Cober Tony Lemprière Mike Manore ca David Boteler Stewart Cober 2013 Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 25

26 Section B: Aquatic Ecosystem Observations B-1: Hydrometric Observations Contact Person: Dave Harvey Address: Website: Main Objectives of the Network: To provide for the collection, interpretation, and dissemination of surface water quantity data and information and services that are vital to meet a wide range of water management, engineering and environmental needs across Canada. When Operational (years): 1908 present Geographical Coverage International: National: Canada Regional (within Canada): Collaborators (please list organizations/ program names): Environment Canada Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada All Provinces and Territories Funding Source (if available): Federal A-base and VNR, under formal cost-sharing agreements with all Provinces and Territories Identified End-Users: Numerous see website Data Collection Methods (please check all that apply): Community-Based Monitoring Specify: In-situ Field Stations ( >2600 active stations across Canada) Ships Other: Remote Sensing Satellite Autonomous Vehicles Other: Other Specify: 2013 Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 26

27 Thematic Area (please check all that apply): Atmosphere Climate Air Quality Surface Upper Air Aquatic Coastal Physical Ocean AND Biological Freshwater Ecosystem Terrestrial Flora Fauna Ecosystem Cryosphere Sea-Ice Glaciers Snow Permafrost Human Health Specify: DATA ACCESSIBILITY Main Variables (please list): Water levels Streamflow Sediment Main Gaps: Areas of sufficiency are connected in the southern, more populated regions of the country. Network sufficiency declines to the north and northeast, with great extents of northern Canada having no coverage at all. Data Availability: Metadata Open All data Restricted (to whom): Not accessible Level of fee to be paid (if any): None 2013 Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 27

28 Meta Data Location (url): Not available Data Archive (url): HYDAT, the Canadian national hydrometric data archive maintained by Environment Canada: Real time data published daily for most locations Historical and real time data published at Water levels and flows for stations reporting in real time are presented graphically on the WSC website Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 28

29 B-2: Arctic Oceanographic Observations Contact Person: Helen Joseph Address: Website: Main Objectives of the Network: Observations of the Arctic Ocean have been made since the 1800s at varying levels of intensity. The objective is to gain a better understanding of the physical and chemical composition of Arctic waters, the circulation of the waters within the Arctic Ocean, and flows into and out of the Arctic Ocean. Physical observations are conducted on properties of the water column including ocean temperature, sea surface temperature, salinity, ph, carbon, changes in ice coverage and extent, hydrographic measurements, nutrients etc. Surface drifters either embedded in the ice or (lately) able to float and operate in ice infested waters, provide measurements of a limited number of surface ocean and meteorological variables. Additional observations are obtained on ocean currents, waves and tides. Biological observations are captured within a separate inventory item titled Arctic Marine Biodiversity Monitoring. Recently, a focus has been on increasing understanding of the impacts of climate change on Arctic waters (e.g. increasing temperature, decreasing ph, decreasing salinity, changing ice conditions, etc.) Data is gathered by ship with in situ measurements, deployment of moorings and buoys, helicopters (e.g. for ice measurements), and satellites (e.g. sea surface temperature) When Operational (years): 1800 present* Note: Observations of the Arctic Ocean have been made since the 20 th century at varying levels of coverage and intensity. Geographical Coverage International: National: Canada Regional (within Canada): Collaborators (please list organizations/ program names): International Science Councils Arctic Oceans Science Board Inter-governmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) and supporting bodies (e.g. International Ocean Data Exchange (IODE ) and Joint Committee on Oceanographic and Marine Meteorology (J-COMM)) Funding Source (if available): Department of Fisheries and Oceans Identified End-Users: Management programs (e.g. fisheries, and oceans); decision makers within the Department of Fisheries and Oceans; Northern Co-Management Boards Data Collection Methods (please check all that apply): Community-Based Monitoring Specify: _Canadian Rangers Ocean Watch (CROW) In-situ 2013 Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 29

30 Field Stations Ships Other: Remote Sensing Satellite Autonomous Vehicles Other: Other Specify: _ Helicopter, buoys and moorings Thematic Area (please check all that apply): Atmosphere Climate Air Quality Surface Upper Air Aquatic Coastal Physical Ocean AND Biological Freshwater Ecosystem Terrestrial Flora Fauna Ecosystem Cryosphere Sea-Ice Glaciers Snow Permafrost Human Health Specify: DATA ACCESSIBILITY Main Variables (please list): Ocean temperature Salinity Carbon Hydrographic measurements Sea surface temperature ph Changes in ice coverage and extent Nutrients Main Gaps: 2013 Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 30

31 1. Large geographic areas of the Arctic are not covered regularly Data Availability: Metadata Open All data Restricted (to whom): Not accessible Level of fee to be paid (if any): None Meta Data Location (url): Not available Data Archive (url): Fisheries and Oceans Canada Science Sectors Integrated Science Data Management (ISDM) database: Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 31

32 B-3: Arctic Marine Biodiversity Monitoring Network Contact Person: Jill Watkins Address: Website: Not available Main Objectives of the Network: The main objective of the Arctic Marine Biodiversity Monitoring Network is to develop and implement, for priority marine ecosystems, an integrated, long-term biodiversity monitoring plan to detect changes in biodiversity temporally and spatially, and to establish links between such changes and anthropogenic drivers. When Operational (years): 2008 present Note: Data collection varies with species and geographic location. Some data has been continuously collected since the 1950 s. Geographical Coverage International: USA; Denmark/ Greenland/ Faroe Islands; Iceland; Norway; Russian Federation National: Canada Regional (within Canada): Beaufort Sea-Amundsen Gulf-Viscount Melville Sound-Queen Maud Gulf; Hudson Bay Complex; Davis Strait; Baffin Bay-Lancaster Sound Collaborators (please list organizations/ program names): Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program (CBMP) Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) Arctic Council (AC) Funding Source (if available): Individual organizations Identified End-Users: Arctic Council; Federal, Regional, Local, and Aboriginal organizations and communities; Academia Data Collection Methods (please check all that apply): Community-Based Monitoring Specify: _Inuit Land Use and Occupancy Project (1970 s), existing community-based monitoring associated with contributing projects In-situ Field Stations Ships Other: _Tags Remote Sensing Satellite 2013 Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 32

33 Autonomous Vehicles Other: Other Specify: _ Historical data Thematic Area (please check all that apply): Atmosphere Climate Air Quality Surface Upper Air Aquatic Coastal Physical Ocean AND Biological Freshwater Ecosystem Terrestrial Flora Fauna Ecosystem Cryosphere Sea-Ice Glaciers Snow Permafrost Human Health Specify: DATA ACCESSIBILITY Main Variables (please list): All trophic levels in the Arctic marine ecosystem; Ice algae Phytoplankton Zooplankton Pelagic and demersal fish Benthos Seabirds Seals Whales Polar bears People Sea ice Oceanographic variables Main Gaps: 1. Large gaps both spatially and temporally. Many datasets cover short periods 2. Observations collected using different methodologies 2013 Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 33

34 Data Availability: Metadata Open All data Restricted (to whom): Not accessible Level of fee to be paid (if any): None Note: Aggregated data available (Raw data not always available) Meta Data Location (url): Polar Data Catalogue ( various other locations Data Archive (url): Various locations depending on trophic level, proxy, and organization Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 34

35 Network name B-4: Yukonwater Contact person Erin Light- Water Information Specialist address Website Yukonwater.ca Main objectives of As of May 2012, YukonWater was officially launched one year. network The YukonWater website was a deliverable of the Water Adaptation Project (WAP), funded by Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (AANDC) through the Climate Change Adaptation Program (CCAP). The purpose of the WAP project was to address gaps in knowledge, collection, amalgamation and dissemination of all sources of water information for the benefit of water users and water managers response to climate change. Upon creation, the purpose of the website was to provide water data and information to water users, ultimately contributing the ability of water managers to adapt their water programs to a changing hydrological regime. On yukonwater.ca there is static informational content (general website content) as well as geospatial content (water data catalogue). Geospatial content includes water metadata (i.e. sampling location, sampling frequency) from a variety of different monitoring networks and data collection programs across the Yukon. Monitoring network types include aquatic health, hydrometeorological and water quality. This online catalogue is the highlight of the website as it is the first centralized water database in the Yukon. When operational YukonWater was launched in May 2011 Geographical coverage (please describe) International: National: X Regional (within Canada): Yukon Collaborators The following groups contribute to the Water Data Catalogue: Yukon Government: Environment Community Services Energy, Mines and Resources Highways and Public Works Health and Social Services Government of Canada: Environment Natural Resources Fisheries and Oceans Government of the United States of America: United States Geological Survey Yukon First Nation Governments: Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation Ta an Kwäch än Council 2013 Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 35

36 Kwanlin Dun First Nation Tr ondek Hwech in Cross-border organizations: Yukon River Inter-Tribal Watershed Council Funding Source AANDC maintained through departmental O&M Identified end-users Federal government (Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, Environment Canada, Fisheries and Oceans, Health Canada) Territorial government outside of department(community Services; Economic Development; Energy, Mines and Resources; Executive Council Office; Health and Social Services) Territorial government within department First Nation governments (Carcross Tagish, Champagne Aishihik, Na-Cho Nyak Dun, Kluane First Nations, Kwanlin Dün, Liard, Little Salmon Carmacks, Selkirk, Ta an Kwächän Council, Tr ondëk Hwëch in, Vuntut Gwitchin, White River). Municipal (Village of Carmack, City of Dawson, Town of Faro, Village of Haines Junction, Village of Mayo, Village of Teslin, Town of Watson Lake, City of Whitehorse). Local agencies (e.g. Yukon Development Corporation, Yukon Energy Corporation, Yukon Conservation Society, Northern Climate Exchange, Yukon River Inter-tribal watershed council) Data collection methods Thematic area (please check all that apply and briefly describe) X Community based monitoring X In-situ X Remote-sensing Other (please check all that apply) Atmospheric X Climate Air quality Surface Upper Air Aquatic Coastal Ocean X Freshwater AND X Physical X Biological Ecosystem Terrestrial 2013 Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 36

37 Main variables Main gaps Flora Fauna Ecosystem Cryosphere Sea-ice Glaciers X (please list) Snow Permafrost Human-health Please specify Socio-economic Please specify Area for Improvement Increase the total number of visitors Static content applicability and reduction of bouncerate (identified through website usage statistics) More networks uploaded onto the water data catalogue Recommendation Visitors peak during times when the website is advertised. Therefore, it is recommended that we seek opportunities to advertise the website to our target audience of water resource managers (e.g. information sessions, during Canada Water Week or Environment Fairs) Ensure continuity of website traffic from Env.gov.yk.ca and intranet referral by having web coordinator re-post link to Yukonwater on main departmental website. Use Survey participants feedback enhance general website content. This includes adding more information about water licence requirements, water wells in the Yukon and more facts about the hydrological cycle. Add more information and reports on water-related projects in the Yukon Comment [JCB1]:? Network content maintained and kept up-to-date Have a plan in place for timing of uploading of networks. This plan should prioritize network addition based on the type of data that participants were most interested in (water quality monitoring data) Re-assess if all listed monitoring networks listed still need to be included Search for new monitoring networks to be added Complete Data Agreements with networks prior to uploading information Determine alternatives for Data Agreements (i.e. informal Inventory of Arctic Observing Networks Canada Page 37

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