Research in GreenTouch TM. Centre for Energy Efficient Telecommunications

Transcription

1 Research in GreenTouch TM : Rod Tucker Centre for Energy Efficient Telecommunications University i of Mlb Melbourne

2 Power Consumption of the Global Internet Global electricity supply Total Power Co onsump ption (W) Power Consumption of Internet (Excluding data centres) GreenTouch goal % p.a. Data growth 10% p.a. Growth in user numbers Year 1.5 billion users Sources: Hinton et al., Tucker, IEEE

3 Inside the Network Core Network Metro/Edge Network Access Network Core Router Fiber Broadband Network Gateways Ethernet Switch DSLAM Cu DSL Edge Routers OLT PON Splitter Fiber FTTP Hot spots OLT ONU Cabinet DSLAM Cu FTTN Server Storage Data Center Server Storage Content Distribution Network

4 Energy per Bit in Key Equipment per Bit (nj) Energy Source: O. Tamm et al Router Packet switch SDH Cross connect OTN Cross connect Year

5 Router Energy Consumption Trends Router Energy Efficiency 1000 Cisco AGS Linear fit gives ~25% improvement pa s per bit na ano Joule Wellfleet BCN Cisco GSR Cisco GSR 12000b Avici TSR Actual improvement may be declining Cisco CRS 1 ALU7750 Cisco CRS Year Source: Nielsen, ECOC 2011

6 Internet Traffic Growth Trends Compound Average Growth Rate (%) Source: Kilper et al., JSTQE 2011

7 Data Centers and Content Servers Load Balancing Switches Border Routers 15% of traffic to users 5% of traffic to other data centers Aggregation Switches 80% of traffic stays in data center Racktop Switches Racks of Servers

8 Network Energy per User Bit 100 En nergy pe er User bit (μj) 10 Total Core and Metro Networking PON Optical Transport Interconnects Year

9 Gap Between Theory and Practice Netw work En nergy pe er Bit (J) 10-4 Current 10-5 Access Trends Transport 10-9 Switches Lower Bounds x 10 4 Transport Global l Network Year Source: Tucker, JSTQE 2011

10 GreenTouch Mission Efficiency (Mb/s/W) By 2015, our goal is to deliver the architecture, specifications and roadmap and demonstrate key components and technologies needed to increase network energy efficiency by a factor of 1000 from current levels x Target Total Network: BAU Global research consortium representing industry, government and academic organizations Launched in May member organizations 300 individual participants from 19 countries 1E projects across wireless, wireline, 1E-4 routing, networking and optical transmission Year = ~ 3 Years

11 Some Research Projects Beyond Cellular Green Mobile Networks Virtual Home Gateway Optimal End-to-End Resource Allocation Service Energy Aware Optical Networks Green Transmission Technologies Minimum Energy Access Architectures Single-Chip Linecards Large-Scale Antenna Systems Highly-Adaptive Layer Mesh Networks Massive MIMO 25+ Projects

12 Power Consumption of Wireless Access Energy Use Total Energy = 2 TWh/yr 0.1W per user for 3 billion Subscriptions Total Energy = 60 TWh/yr 1kW per Base Station for 4 million Total Energy = <1 TWh/yr 1kW per controller for Base Stations 10, Controllers Total Energy = 14 TWh/yr 10kW per user for other elements Users Base Station Network Control Core & Servers The greatest opportunity to reduce energy consumption is to improve base stations Based on: ETSI RRS05_024, NSN

13 Green Wireless Opportunities (1) Deployment: Relays Nodes Multi RAT Heterogeneous Networks Network Management: BS cooperation, Adaptive NW configuration H i g h Traffic Freq. L o w (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Multi Antenna Techniques: Reconfigurable antennas, Beam forming, Spatial multiplexing Freq.

14 Green Wireless Opportunities (2) Radio Resource Management: Energy efficient scheduling, Sleep modes, Bandwidth Adaptation 00.00hrs Saved energy 12.00hrs Power Consumption per Cell [W] Telecom 60 traffic hrs Power consumption model per cell Power [W] SOTA BW Adaptation Capacity Adaptation Micro DTX Time [h] Resource block Resource block Empty resource with data with pilots only block Variable power Constant power DTX power PA utilization 0% 100% High load: Most resources used Low load: Capacity adaptation BW adaptation: Pilots suppressed

15 Some Specific Router Limitations Buffer Switch INTERCONNECTS Receive L2 Input Fabric Switch Optics Framer Fwd Buffering Queuing Interface Fabric Engine ENERGY DOES NOT Switch L1+L2 L3 FOLLOW LOAD Fabric Optics Framer L2 Buffering Output Queuing Output Fwd Engine Fabric Interface Switch Fabric 7,000 Router T1600 (640Gb/s) 18 Chip-to-chip Interconnects PACKET SIZE Buffer Mem IPv4 Cumulative 6,000 5,000 [From Kharitonov 2009] 4,000 Cumula ative Fractio on W 3,000 2,000 Router T1600 (640Gb/s) 1, % 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Load Packet Size D.Kharitonov, 2009 IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops

16 Efficient Switching and Routing SCORPION: SILICON PHOTONIC INTERCONNECT AND SINGLE CHIP LINECARD Contributing Members

17 SEASON: SERVICE ENERGY AWARE SUSTAINABLE OPTICAL NETWORKS Contributing Members Multi-fiber, silicon-photonic fast switching & control devices App Center PoliMi Bell Labs Bell Labs UNSW End-to-end FEC Robust & distributed multi-layer control Bell Labs Univ. of Toronto Service-aware flow switching Enterprise Energy-aware wavelength routing & protocols Univ. of Toronto Columbia Univ. CEET Energy & locality aware placement and execution of app center services INRIA

18 OPERA: OPTIMAL END TO END RESOURCE ALLOCATION Contributing Members

19 REPTILE: ROUTER POWER MEASUREMENTS MODULAR SERVICES CARD From Fabric Egress Packet Flow Ingress RX Queuin METRO g Squi d GW CP U Contributing Member 5 From Fabric ASIC TX METR O 6 Egres s Queui ng 7

20 Wireline Access Networks Virtual HGW Un-cooled tunable lasers PON Sleepmode Novel PON protocols; Low power CPE Min. energy access architectures Fiber in the Home Hybrid PON Low power OFDM in optical access Also: TNO ZTE, KAIST

21 Wireline Access Networks Bit Interleaved PON Line card OLT- MAC (FPGA) BI DS Tx DS: Bit-interleaved data DS: 10Gbit/s Rx Deser ONU 2 ONU 1 ONT-FPGA BIPON DS UN NI < 200 mw /user Conventional lpon Line card OLT- MAC (FPGA) XGPON DS Tx DS: Packet data DS: 10Gbit/s Rx Deser Delta ONU 2 ONU 1 ONT-FPGA XGPON DS UNI ~ 5W/ /user

22 Status of GreenTouch Over 15 research programs and 25 research projects Wireless and mobile communications Wireline access Core networks and optical transmission Services, applications and trends New approaches being taken: Devices and low power electronics / photonics Architectures, algorithms and protocols Power-follows-load intelligent management Service and energy optimized networks Two major public demonstrations in wireless and fiber-tothe-home technologies Establishing and defining i common reference architecture and roadmap with strategic research directions New members are welcome! W/subscriber GPON XGPON Sleepmode EE HW design Wireless LAN OLT(/subscriber) Sleepmode 2 HGW processor Virtual HGW Wireline LAN (Eth.) PON digital Long reach OE PON BI PON Transparent CPE Low power Optics Low power electronics 2010 Short 2012 Term Medium 2016 Term Long 2020 Term 2022