Anglais. Seconde Corrigés des activités. Rédaction : Wendy Benoit Jacqueline Castellain Claude Quiniou. Coordination : Claude Quiniou

Transcription

1 Anglais Seconde Corrigés des activités Rédaction : Wendy Benoit Jacqueline Castellain Claude Quiniou Coordination : Claude Quiniou Ce cours est la propriété du Cned. Les images et tetes intégrés à ce cours sont la propriété de leurs auteurs et/ou ayants droit respectifs. Tous ces éléments font l objet d une protection par les dispositions du code français de la propriété intellectuelle ainsi que par les conventions internationales en vigueur. Ces contenus ne peuvent être utilisés qu à des fins strictement personnelles. Toute reproduction, utilisation collective à quelque titre que ce soit, tout usage commercial, ou toute mise à disposition de tiers d un cours ou d une œuvre intégrée à ceu-ci sont strictement interdits. Cned-2010

2 Séquence 1 1 Listen to get informed Activity 1 Repeated words : AIDS [eidz]- HIV [ei ai 'vi:]* - Africa - South Africa - South African - infected. *Pour la phonétique voir l annee 2 et écoutez l enregistrement 54 sur le CD1. Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 4 The document is about AIDS in Africa, especially in South Africa. Those who are particularly infected are children and their mothers. 40 million - 25 million - 5 million - a quarter (1/4 or 25 per cent) - 40 percent - 30 per cent. 40 million is the number of people who are living with AIDS worldwide - 25 million corresponds to those who live in Africa - 5 million are the South Africans who are infected by Aids - a quarter (1/4 or 25 per cent) is the proportion of the population who could be infected with HIV - 40 percent represents the percentage of people who may be infected in some communities - 30 per cent of pregnant women are infected. Pair 1 : It is difficult to know how many are infected in South Africa. However it is estimated that 25 per cent of the population is infected with HIV. Pair 2 : Although AIDS seems to be decreasing (diminuer) r in South Africa, more and more pregnant (enceinte) e women are infected. 2 Activity 5 Observe and spot the problem Describe what you see and speak from notes. MY NOTES : photo at the top /scene = in a laboratory. / Man = scientist wearing a white coat / tied up an animal (rabbit?) on a table / carry out eperiments / animal sleeping? / if not sleeping = suffering = cruel. On the photo, at the top, I think the scene takes place in a laboratory. The man, who may be a scientist because he is wearing a white coat and using instruments, must be making eperiments (must be eperimenting) 2 Corrigés des activités Séquence 1 AN21

3 on animals. We don t know if the animal, which looks like a rabbit, is sleeping or not. If it is not sleeping, this is very cruel. MY NOTES : photo at the bottom / 3 children (kids) / in the street? / a bag on their mouth or nose / bottle (bottom of the picture) / sniffing something (drug? glue?) / poor no shoes / homeless / wander in the streets / addicted to drugs. On the second photo I can see three children who are probably in the street. They are holding bags onto their mouth or nose. There is a bottle at the bottom of the picture, so I believe they could be sniffing glue. These children are addicted to that drug. I can also notice that they do not wear any shoes, so I suppose they are poor and probably homeless and just wander about the streets. 3 Listen to get informed Activity 6 environment food awareness pollute issue illiterate to fight environmental problem cars drugs equality nuclear power earth aware of nature sport ecology fragility progress nature protection global warming climate Activity 7 Il n est pas donné de réponse modèle pour le compte-rendu à partir des mots car les hypothèses sont multiples. Activity 8 Questions 1. foundation 2. when 3. why 4. what. _ created = founded _ founded is of the same family as foundation Answers 10 years ago There was a growing awareness of environmental issues and problems. He wanted to gather together people who had the same attitudes and the same goals. What are the objectives or goals of the foundation? The goals of the foundation are the protection of the environment, pollution of the sea, the air in the cities particularly, the fight against nuclear energy. The foundation wanted to make people aware of life and the fragility of life on earth. Corrigés des activités Séquence 1 AN21 3

4 Recap La réponse de récapitulation est personnelle. Activity 9 Part 2 Progress is repeated 5 times. Ecology may be opposed to progress or to nuclear power. For the nuclear movement nuclear stations are necessary for progress. D. Gillian disagrees. For D. Gillian there is no progress without protection of the environment. Televisions and cars pollute the atmosphere and aren t progress according to D. Gillian. Part 3 Here the journalist wants D. Gillian to talk about poor / Third World countries, like Brazil for eample. These countries want progress but it could be bad for the environment. Now, what about poor countries, Third World countries? We re asking them to do without progress because they destroyy the environment. If you look at Brazil we re asking them not to cut down their rain forests how would you help them deall with their problems? Part 4 1. cancel all debts; 2. send in technicians, voluntary workers to help the indigenous population; 3. continue to help them financially with money. Part 5 Europe, Germany, France, the U.K. The impact of the Green parties. 1. More and more people are aware of the necessity to save nature. 2. We can t go on destroying the world. 4 Activities 11 and 12 Activity 13 Get ready to epress yourself orally Pas de correction. Réponse personnelle. Repérage 1. incapacité 2. interdiction 3. conseil 4. capacité 5. obligation 6. éventualité 7. conseil Verbe to ing s présent. 4 Corrigés des activités Séquence 1 AN21

5 Eprimer la modalité pour nuancer sa pensée Eercice 1 Eercice 2 Eercice 3 Eercice 4 1. Two years ago, I had to leave my home because of a fire. 2. She wasn t allowed to play video games when she was 10 years old. 3. When I was in China last year, I couldn t / wasn t able to understand Chinese. 1. Tomorrow, she won t be able to come because she has a meeting. 2. But you will be allowed to smoke if you stay outside. 3. It is certain that the future generations will have to protect the planet. 1. might (probabilité faible ) 2. mustn t (interdiction) 3. may (probabilitéé ) 4. should (conseil) l 5. must (probabilité forte ) 6. must (obligation) 1. had - passé - obligation 2. can t - présent - impossibilité 3. may not / can t / mustn t - présent - interdiction 4. were you allowed - passé - permission 5. should - présent - conseil 6. mustn t - présent - interdiction. Eprimer son opinion, son accord, son désaccord Eercice 5 Eemples : 1. Personally I m convinced that eperiments on animals are necessary because it is a way to cure diseases or to test new vaccines. 2. I totally disagree with that idea. There are lots of eamples which show that our planet is really in danger. 9. That s ridiculous because some people live in terrible conditions and are not responsible for that. 5 Listen to get informed Activity 14 En anglais le début commence souvent par Ladies and Gentlemen. a) la journée de l eau. b) Pas de correction; réponse personnelle. c) Pas de correction; réponse personnelle. Corrigés des activités Séquence 1 AN21 5

6 d) la nourriture augmenter l industrie l aide internationale l agriculture les ressources en eau million milliard les besoins en eau l état sanitaire les pauvres un manque d eau partager les ressources creuser un puits conflits armés organisations internationales la pai la guerre se battre, combattre human health food increase industry international aid - agriculture water resources million billon water needs sanitation the poor a lack of water share resources to dig a well armed conflicts international organizations peace war to fight g) human health billon food sanitation increase the poor industry a lack of water agriculture share resources water resources armed conflicts million international organizations peace Activity 15 Part 1 a) Water is essential b)maintain our health produce our food sustain and improve our quality of life c) 1. drink it 2. generate electricity with it 3. water our crops with it Part 2 a) population b) 1.1 billion (one point one) 2.4 billion (two point four) 2025 (twenty twenty-five) 4 billion half [ha:f] 6 Corrigés des activités Séquence 1 AN21

7 c) 1.1 billion corresponds to the people who have no access to clean water; 2.4 billion is the number of people who live without decent sanitation; 2025 is a year in the future; 4 billion represents the number of people who will die with insufficient safe water; Half is 1/2 of the world s population; Recapitulation There is water but the population has increased / tripled and the use of water has been multiplied by si. So this is putting severe pressure on our water resources. Overpopulation is not the only cause of water problems : urbanization, industry and agriculture are also responsible. d) growing / growth / an increase / to triple / to increase / si-fold Part 3 a) It is the poor who b) suffer : it is the poor people who suffer from lack of water; buy water at a high price; die from a lack of clean water, inadequate sanitation; die from diseases (maladies). c) 10,000 corresponds to the number of people who die from water diseases and most of them are children; 21st century : this state of affairs is unacceptable in the 21st century; 2015 : reduce by half the number of people who have no access to safe water and sanitation. Help : increase reduce Les adjectifs pris en tant que noms (adjectifs substantivés) The + adjectif E. The rich, the poor, the young (Les pauvres, les riches, les jeunes ) On ne peut pas les mettre au pluriel en ajoutant un S. Ils s appliquent à toute la catégorie, on ne peut donc pas fractionner. (un jeune, 5 pauvres, quelques riches ). Dans ce cas il faudra ajouter un nom. E. A young person / man/ girl Five poor people Some rich people. Certains adjectifs sont devenus des noms à part entière et prennent un S au pluriel : the Blacks, the Whites, the Coloreds. Corrigés des activités Séquence 1 AN21 7

8 Activity 16 Part 4 a) But Ladies and Gentlemen, / human health and economic development / is not everything. / Water has also become a source of local and regional tensions / when it comes to sharing the resources / between two or more countries. / Do we want a major international conflict, / including open armed conflicts over water?/ Clearly, the answer is no! / It obvious that international organization must work / to ease those tensions by helping those countries / share our precious resource. / In fact,/ shared water resources have at times encouraged cooperation between states, / even in times of great tension./ For eample, / the Working Group on Water Resources in the Middle East / was the only mechanism / that continued to function / throughout the Middle East peace process, / when other forms of dialogue failed./ b) The general idea in Part 4 is that the fight for fresh water may cause tensions between countries who want access to water and may not want to share it. If nothing is done, by international organization for eample, major conflicts, I mean wars could break out. But we shouldn t be too pessimistic because sharing water has sometimes been a way towards peace as in the Middle East. Les mots devant être entourés sont en italique. Les mots devant être entourés sont en italique. Ladies and Gentlemen Today March 22 nd is Water Day. (ici l auiliaire, ou mot-outil, sera accentué car le locuteur veut insister, c est un grand jour!) As you well know, water is essential to maintain our health, to produce our food, and to sustain and improve our quality of life. Vous remarquerez dans les mots-outils : les prépositions (of, to), les conjonctions (as, and), les auiliaires ( is), les pronoms (our, you), les adjectifs possessifs (our). r Les sons des voyelles des mots-outils seront réduits. Forme forte Forme faible of [ov] [əv] to [tu:] [tə] you [yu:] [jə] is [iz] [z] ou [s] and [ænd] [ənd] [nd] [ən] as [æz] [əz] Le son de «our» [auə] reste le même car il s agit d une triphtongue (3 sons). Ladies and Gentlemen Today March 22 nd is Water Day. As you well know, water is essential to maintain our health, to produce our food, and to sustain and improve our quality of life. 8 Corrigés des activités Séquence 1 AN21

9 6 Read to develop a new point of view and react Activity 18 à pas de corrections. Activity 19 Les mots devant être soulignés sont en gras orange, les autres en italique. Vous n en avez sans doute pas trouvé autant. Ce n est pas grave, l activité suivante vous aidera à en comprendre d autres. At mypetstop, we offer luury dog kennels and catteries in Leeds, Manchester and Newcastle with the emphasis on comfort and fun alongside swimming and hydrotherapyy to help dogs recover from injury or illness and get into peak condition. We also offer puppy training and adult dog training, plus professional pet groomingg so your cats and dogs look and feel at their best. A happy home-from-home When you go away on holiday we want you and your pets to feel equally relaed. That s why we ensure that your pets are put at ease from the moment they arrive. With two room, chalet - style apartments, mypetstop kennel and cattery facilities offer comfort and relaation for cats and dogs. Each apartment is cosy and bright with one room for eating and sleeping and the other dedicated to play. Our cat apartments at Leeds and Manchester are Feline Advisory Bureau Approved and have ledges and windows so your cat can sit and watch the world go by and scratching posts and toys to keep them entertained during their stay. For dogs you can choose to allow your dog to have access to an open air play area. The kennel apartments even have individual climate control to give your pet that perfect stay whilst here in our Leeds and Manchester centres! Etra comfort options Looking for those little etras that will make your pet s stay more pleasurable? We offer a wide range of comfort options. For eample you can upgrade the kennel or cattery apartment to include a sofa bed for your dog or cat to sleep and rela on. If your pet likes the TV on at home we can put one in the apartment. Our cat aerobic centres are very popular with those energetic and playful felines and have been especially designed for cats to eercise on and show off their climbing skills whilst in our cattery. Or to get your dog s tail wagging, we can arrange to take them for etra walks. Also, our play area means that dogs can run around off lead under supervision of one of our carers, of course. Corrigés des activités Séquence 1 AN21 9

10 Transparent words Others Animals Luury feline pet / dog / kennel / cattery(ies) / puppy / dog s tail / wagging (to wag) / off lead luury / comfort / recover / hydrotherapy / two room, chalet apartments / comfort and relaation / individual climate control / comfort options / TV / sofa for your dog / aerobic centres / especially designed for cats / fun / swimming / peak condition / training / professional grooming / look and feel at their best / each apartment is cosy and bright / one room for eating and playing / the other dedicated to play / ledges and windows / scratching post and toys / keep them entertained / an open air play area / etra walks Activity 20 Deduce the meaning of the following words in the tet. Voici quelques questions que l on peut se poser, quelques hypothèses, quelques raisonnements. Kennels : c est un nom qui est qualifié par dog. Donc c est quelque chose pour les chiens, un lieu. On sait dans le tete que les gens y laissent leurs chiens pendant les vacances. Il ne peut s agir que de «chenils». Kennel veut aussi dire «niche». Catteries : and associe ce mot à kennels. Dans le tete il s agit de chiens et de chats. Le mot catteries contient le mot cat. Il s agit donc d un lieu où on laisse les chats pendant son absence. Il ne peut s agir que d une pension pour chats. Une chatière (qui ressemble à catteries ) est un orifice percé dans une porte pour laisser passer un chat. Injury or illness : illness est composé de ill qui veut dire «malade». Si on ajoute ness, on crée un nom qui veut dire «maladie». Dans recover on a en français recouvrer la santé. Donc on peut récupérer d une maladie et pour injury, ce peut être une blessure. Into peak condition : «condition» est un mot transparent. Cette epression fait suite à la maladie et au blessures qui ont été vaincues. Get indique une idée «d obtenir» quelque chose, une «condition». On parle souvent de «condition physique». peak fait penser à «pic», c est-à-dire le «sommet». Peak condition a un synonyme un peu plus loin : at their best (au mieu de leur forme). grooming g : la forme en ING nous indique qu il s agit d une activité (swimming, riding ). Cette activité est professional et est aée sur les animau familiers. Il s agirait donc de «s occuper» des animau. En fait il s agit des soins de santé, du toilettage. Put at ease : ease fait penser à easy (facile). Si je traduis mot à mot, cela donne quelque chose comme «mis dans un état facile» et cela quand les animau arrivent à Mypetstop. On peut donc penser à «mis à l aise». 10 Corrigés des activités Séquence 1 AN21

11 ledges : ce sont les apartments qui ont des ledges et des fenêtres. Les chats peuvent «s asseoir» et «regarder le monde». Il ne s agit pas de la fenêtre, mais de quelque chose de proche puisque les chats s y assoient et observent ce qui les entoure. Il s agit sans doute du rebord de la fenêtre. Scratching posts and toys : toys vous est sans doute connu : «jouets». Donc ici, le chat joue avec des jouets et il scratche des posts. Pas facile! Peut-être que «scratch» vous dit quelque chose? C est un bruit. Le chat peut le faire avec ses griffes. Il aime gratter les objets. Ici post est un «poteau», un «pieu». a range : il s agit d options de confort. Plus loin, nous avons for eample. Et nous trouvons une énumération d options de confort. Il s agit donc d une «gamme». tail : il s agit d un attribut du chien. Cette tail wag ; il y a donc une action, un mouvement. À part la queue, je ne vois pas ce qui peut-être en mouvement. wagging g : en trouvant «queue», je trouve aussi «remuer». off lead : juste avant le tete nous parlait de etra walks, de promenades supplémentaires. Avant off lead, nous avons run around. Donc le chien semble assez libre de courir. Dans ce cas il ne faut pas qu il soit en laisse. off lead veut dire «sans laisse». Activity 21 Activity 22 Réponses possibles (celles-ci n ecluent pas d autres) : At mypetstop cats may recover from injury or illness and get into peak condition. At mypetstop cats can sit on window ledges and watch the world around them. At mypetstop, it is possible for cats to watch TV in its apartment. When cat owners leave their pets at mypetstop, they know they may spend time in the aerobic centre. At mypetstop dogs may swim and do hydrotherapy. At mypetstop dogs can have a two room, chalet style apartment. At mypetstop, it is possible for dogs to have a sofa bed to sleep and rela on. When dog owners leave their pets at mypetstop, they know they will have access to open air. Pas de corrections; réponse personnelle. Corrigés des activités Séquence 1 AN21 11

12 Séquence 2 1 Get ready Activity 1 1. Isaac NEWTON was born in 1642 and died in He was English. He studied physics and mechanics and discovered the laws of gravitation. He invented the telescope. 2. Benjamin FRANKLIN was born in 1706 and died in He was American and invented the lightning rod and bifocals. He studied electricity. 3. Sir Aleander FLEMING was born in 1881 and died in He was Scottish. He studied medicine and discovered penicillin. He won the Nobel Prize for Medicine. 4. Luc MONTAGNIER was born in 1932 and is still alive. He specialized in biology and discovered the HIV virus. He won the Nobel Prize for Medicine. 2 Read to develop your knowledge and your vocabulary Activity 3 General comprehension How GPS Receivers work 1. Finding one s way in the past. 2. A cheap and modern way of finding one s way: the GPS. 3. How the GPS works. 4. The GPS system: what it consists in, who developed it. 5. Characteristics of the satellites. 6. What the GPS does. A definition of trilateration. 7. An eample of two-dimensional trilateration. 8. Three-dimensional trilateration. 9. Other jobs a GPS can do. 12 Corrigés des activités Séquence 2 AN21

13 Activity 4 Detailed comprehension Vocabulary un gadget : a gadget un satellite : a satellite une rotation : a rotation un cercle : a circle éliminer : to eliminate une sphère : a sphere la surface : the surface la position : the position un récepteur : a receptor le globe : the globe l information : information combiner : to combine un concept : a concept une série : a series les transmissions : transmissions tracer : to trace CD 1 Enr.27 Prononciation du «i» : /i/: eliminate, position, information, series, transmissions; /ai/: satellite, combine. Le mot series, même au singlier, s écrit avec un s à la fin. Inférer le sens des mots Est-ce qu une traduction suffit? Ne faudraitil pas donner les éléments (les hypothèses) qui ont permis de conduire à cela? T y p e e t na t u r e des mots, position etc. to draft a map: dessiner ; the GPS is a handy guide : pratique ; the satellites circle the globe : tourner autour ; their job is to figure out distances : calculer ; a circle with a radius of 625 miles : un rayon ; the third circle will intersect t : couper ; the GPS will trace your path : parcours. le dictionnaire to keep from: pour ne pas... ; to pull off a trick: réussir un tour ; implemented (to implement): mettre en oeuvre ; at least: au moins ; to locate: situer, repérer ; tricky: délicat ; clue: idée, indice ; to move: se déplacer ; speed: la vitesse ; average: moyen, moyenne. Corrigés des activités Séquence 2 AN21 13

14 Activity 5 Observing Autrefois il n y avait aucun moyen de se repérer, les gens se perdaient tout le temps. (on se servait des étoiles et de monuments pour se repérer. C était plus difficile mais on ne se perdait pas tout le temps). Le GPS est un système peu coûteu et pratique. Il y a 27 satellites, dont 3 sont en panne (supplémentaires, en cas de panne ). Ce sont les Américains qui ont inventé ce système pour les militaires du monde entier. (américains) Chaque satellite fonctionne à l énergie solaire et parcourt km (tourne à km autour du globe) chaque jour. Il faut un minimum de 3 satellites pour se repérer à partir de la terre. Le GPS fournit des informations supplémentaires comme les distances parcourues ou votre heure d arrivée précise. (estimée d après votre vitesse). Activity 6 Language skills Comment appelle-t-on ces formes? Des comparatifs. Quelles en sont les 3 différentes sortes? Comparatif d égalité, d infériorité, de supériorité. Quand on applique ces formes à des adjectifs, comment classe-t-on les adjectifs? Adjectifs courts ou longs. Eercice 1. It is less epensive. 2. It is easier to use. 3. It is quicker. 4. It is more useful. 5. It is less bulky. 6. More than half the cars have a GPS. 3 Listen to obtain information General comprehension Activity 7 1. They are bullets. They are used with a gun to kill or injure. 2. He is aiming at something, a target. 3. He is wearing a bullet-proof jacket. 4. Yes I have./no, I haven t. The Colt Trooper is a gun, a weapon. 300 yards 1,000 miles an hour 14 Corrigés des activités Séquence 2 AN21

15 Detailed comprehension The bullet is fired through a car door. The result shows it can devastate anything in its path. Kevlar is a man-made fibre. In its raw state it is soft. The fibre is spun into a yarn. It is woven into a fabric. The fabric is bonded together in layers. Kevlar is made by a small British company. It is lighter, more fleible and thinner. The airbag absorbs the impact of the bullet and distributes its energy. It would cause severe bruising (contusions, bleus) or the odd broken rib (quelques côtes cassées). Plasticine has a similar density to the human body. The bullet. He can walk tall and safe. He can feel confident d b f c a k e i g h l j Vocabulary a) Deadly : able to kill b) To punch through : to make a hole in c) In its path : in its way d) There s not much left of that : it s been very badly damaged e) Kind of thing : sort of thing f) The odd broken rib : possible bone fractures g) Bonded together : strongly joined h) Give it a go : put it to the test i) Stop something dead : make something stop immediately j) Comes in useful : proves to be useful k) Stuff : material or fibre Corrigés des activités Séquence 2 AN21 15

16 4 Activity 8 Epress yourself in writing Two gangsters attacked the Barclays Bank yesterday morning just after 10 o clock. This branch of the well-known bank is on the main square of the village, net to the White Hart pub which was closed then. The two men are already known because they carried out another attack last month in the same area. One is a tall, dark-haired teenager wearing jeans and a denim jacket. He is nicknamed Beany. The other is older, probably in his forties known under the name of Ricky. He is shorter and fatter than Beany and was dressed in black trousers, an anorak and had dark glasses on. Ricky rushed into the Bank while Beany parked the car outside and remained at the wheel with the engine on. Ricky pulled a gun out of his pocket and threatened the manager and the customers. Fortunately the manager pressed the alarm behind the counter without being seen. The police arrived on the spot within minutes as Ricky was busy packing bank notes in a plastic bag. Sergeant Smith, 49, was in charge of the intervention. He declared: I knew there was a chance these were the same men as last month and that they were armed, so precautions were necessary. When Beany saw the police, he shot at our car and started moving but found the road blocked by another police vehicle. While they were arresting him, I went inside the bank. As I got in, another shot was fired. It was lucky I had my bullet-proof vest on. Thanks to it, I was unscathed! Finally Ricky surrendered without further trouble. The two men are now locked up, and waiting for judgement. 5 Reading and debating General comprehension Activity 9 Choose the correct answer a) 2 b) 2 c) 2 d) 2 e) 3 f) 2 g) 1 h) 2 i) 1 j) 3 Working on the vocabulary to launch (a product) to aim at a bit increasingly flashy lancer un produit viser un peu de plus en plus voyant, tapageur 16 Corrigés des activités Séquence 2 AN21

17 to enable to keep tabs small fry the latest buzz to release meanwhile to sew sensors to breach the boundary to epect permettre tenir à l oeil du menu fretin, des vétilles dernier cri relâcher, libérer pendant ce temps coudre des capteurs violer, rompre la limite compter, espérer Finding arguments for and against these device The pros the world is dangerous there are bad people children have a sense of adventure it is reassuring for children it is reassuring for parents if there is a problem you can intervene quickly parents feel they are in control The cons parents will be spying (espionner) on their children it does not develop a sense of responsibility in children there will always be risks parents will get tired of this gadget and forget using it children can easily lose their mobile the phones aren t 100% reliable batteries can go flat the use of devices like those will develop hyper aniety in parents those who can t afford this technology will feel left out children are treated like prisoners Entraînement à l epression écrite b) Traduction des phrases 1. Ces gadgets sont fabriqués en Chine. 2. Ils sont vendus dans le monde entier. / On les vend dans le monde entier. 3. On persuade de plus en plus de parents de les acheter. 4. Chaque jour on lance un nouveau modèle. 5. Je ne croyais pas que les parents se laisseraient prendre par de telles publicités. Corrigés des activités Séquence 2 AN21 17

18 La production d un dialogue à l écrit Pour un dialogue, on utilise des tirets et on va à la ligne quand on change d interlocuteur. On utilise des guillemets si le dialogue est inséré dans du tete. On met le nom des interlocuteurs dans la marge. On peut faire une courte introduction pour indiquer qui sont les personnes, par eemple : Mr and Mrs Woods are talking about their son s birthday. Si les gens sont de la même famille ou sont amis, on peut utiliser du langage familier, des epressions de tous les jours, la forme contractée etc... S il s agit de situation formelle, par eemple des adultes qui ne se connaissent pas, des niveau sociau différents, il faut un langage plus soutenu, plus poli, plus «correct». Pour rendre l échange réaliste, il faut utiliser des questions, des eclamations, les personnages peuvent dans certains cas se couper la parole, mettre en doute ce qui est dit (revoyez les tags *). Le premier dialogue est entre un professeur et une élève «difficile». On note l emploi poli et formel du professeur Miss Jones, I would appreciate if..; alors que l élève parle un anglais incorrect. Le deuième dialogue est entre un policier et une femme. Le policier est très poli face à une personne qui a l air plutôt décontracté. On remarque l emploi d italiques pour montrer l insistance de la voi sur un mot. Le troisième etrait est d une pièce de théâtre. Il n y a pas d indications entre les paroles prononcées. On devine que ces personnes appartiennent à une classe sociale élevée, ce qui ne les empêche pas de différer de manière vive. *Réponses, reprises et tags Des réponses courtes apportées en réaction de ce qui a été dit par un interlocuteur ou qui ponctuent une phrase. Do you like wearing jeans? - Oh yes, I do; Oh no, I don t. Young people enjoy wearing jeans, don t they? (affirmative + négative) You didn t invent this yourself, did you? (négative + affirmative) yes et no sont souvent complétés en anglais. Ces courtes questions négatives ou affirmatives avec reprise de l auiliaire et du sujet correspondent à nos «n est-ce pas», «vraiment», «oui», «non», «hein». 18 Corrigés des activités Séquence 2 AN21