IMPACT OF DIABETES ON QUALITY OF LIFE OF ELDERLY
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1 1 Panacea Journal of Health Science IMPACT OF DIABETES ON QUALITY OF LIFE OF ELDERLY Shama Begum, Research Scholar, Roopa K.S. Associate Professor, Department of Human Development and Research Centre, Smt.VHD Central Institute of Home Science. Bangalore. E- mail ID: Phone no: Abstract India is the diabetic capital of the world with 41 million Indians having diabetes; every fifth diabetic in the world is an Indian. Diabetes in the elderly will be the epidemic in this Century. Current data suggests that about 20 percent of people over the age of 65 will develop diabetes at some point in their life. At least half of them are unaware that they have the disease yet they are still susceptible to the complications of the illness. Its complications have estimated reduction in life expectancy and number of Quality of life years. The aim of the study was to study the impact of diabetes on the quality of life of elderly. Random purposive sampling technique was adapted with the sample size of 100, constituting of 50 men and 50 women, between the age group of years. Survey method was employed for selection of the sample of elderly with diabetes. The standardized scale developed by WHO-QOL field version 1996 was administered to them. The results revealed the following findings. There was an impact on QOL level of respondents with diabetes. Majority of men and women respondents with diabetes showed moderate level of QOL. Irrespective of the sex of the respondents there was no significant difference in 5 aspects of QOL viz; physical, psychological, and level of independence, social relationship, environmental aspect and overall perception of QOL. There was no significant difference in overall perception of QOL between men and women respondents. INTRODUCTION India is the diabetic capital of the world with 41 million Indians having diabetes; every fifth diabetic in the world is an Indian. Diabetes in the elderly will be the epidemic in this Century. The prevalence of Diabetes increases with age and 20 percent of the elderly population has diabetes. Diabetes has a major impact on both affected individuals and society in general, leading to loss of quality years of life. Diabetes is a major problem that will most certainly grow with increase in the number of older people as the population continues to age. Its complications have an estimated reduction in life expectancy and number of quality of life years. Failing to receive proper counseling, diet, and for some potentially lifesaving medication older people clearly are at increased risk of developing complications affecting quality of life. Quality of life (QOL) defined by the WHO as individual s perceptions of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals expectations, standards and concerns. This definition reflects that quality of life refers to a subjective evaluation, which is embedded in a cultural, social and environmental context. Recent developments in the fields of health outcome research and health technology assessment have also fueled the tremendous increase in the use of quality of life evaluation as a
2 technique for clinical research. Greater attention is now being devoted to evaluating the quality of health care and the economic value associated with new interventions. An attempt was made to find out the impact of diabetes on quality of life of elderly. METHODOLOGY AIM To study the impact of Diabetes on the Quality of Life of Elderly between the age group years. OBJECTIVES To know the impact of diabetes on QOL of elderly. To study the effect of diabetes on QOL of men and women. To assess and compare the QOL among men and women in 5 broad domains: Physical health Psychological Level of Independence Social relationship Environment and the Overall perception of QOL. SAMPLING PROCEDURE AND SAMPLE DESCRIPTION Purposive random sampling technique was adopted for the study. The sample was drawn randomly from the cross section of the society keeping in view the major criteria for the selection of the sample i.e. elderly within the age group 71 to 76 years with diabetes. A total sample of 100 elderly with diabetes was selected, of which 50 were men and 50 were women. TOOL A standardized scale developed by WHO-QOL field version 1996 which is a detailed comprehensive and holistic assessment scale focusing on the aspects of health and was reliable international measure of QOL. It consists of 100 questions split into 5 broad domains namely; Physical health, Psychological, Level of Independence, Social relationship, Environment and the Overall perception of QOL. PROCEDURE Elderly with diabetes between the age group of years were identified visiting to various diabetic clinics, parks, senior citizens sangha and rapport was built with them. Standardized scale WHO -QOL was administered for the respondents fixing the convenient date and time.the data was analyzed by applying percentage analysis, Chi- Square and t test. 2
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Figure -1: Classification of respondents by age, marital status and education Figure -1 shows the classification of respondents by Age, Marital Status and Education. Majority of the respondents (57.0%) were in the age group years. With regard to marital status majority (82.0%) were married and in educational level, majority of the respondents (31.0%) had studied SSLC. Table -1 Level of quality of life of men and women respondents Quality of Category Classification of Respondents X 2 Value Life Level Men Women Combined N % N % N % Low < Moderate NS High > Total X 2 (0.05,2df ) = NS : Non-Significant 3
4 Table-1 shows the level of QOL of men and women respondents. Majority of the men respondents (64.0%) had moderate level of QOL followed by 22.0 percent having high level of QOL and only 14.0 percent of respondents had low level of QOL. The QOL of women respondents showed, majority (58.0%) had moderate level of QOL, 24.0 percent had high level of QOL and only 18.0 percent had low level of QOL. The chi-square value found to be 0.44 which was not significant. The results revealed that majority of the respondents had moderate level of QOL irrespective of gender. Contradictory to the findings Wandell.et.al.,(2000), findings revealed that elderly diabetic had a poorer QOL than the general population. Table- 2: Aspect wise mean scores on quality of life of men and women respondents No. Aspects of Quality of Life Respondents Quality of Life (%) t Men (n=50) Women (n=50) Mean SD Mean SD Test I Physical NS II Psychological NS III Level of Independence NS IV Social Relationship NS V Environment NS Combined NS t (0.05,98 df) = 1.96 NS : Non-Significant The table -2 shows the aspects wise QOL of men and women respondents. A cursory glance at the table showed in all the aspects of QOL compared between men and women respondents the test found to be not significant. Contradictory to the findings the study conducted by Jose, R.B. et.al.,(2007). revealed that women had worse QOL compared to men. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that majority of the elderly with diabetes had moderate level of QOL. There was no significant difference between men and women respondents. There was an impact of diabetes on QOL of elderly. QOL can be further improved to high level of QOL with a well planned educational programme. REFERENCES Joe, Tomaka.,Sharon, Thomson., R.ebecca, Palacios.(2006). The Relation Of Social Isolation, Loneliness And Social Support To Disease Outcomes Among The Elderly, Journal Of Aging and Health, Vol 18(3), P:
5 Jose, R.B, Esther,L.G, Auxiliadora, G, Pilar,G.C, Juan,L.G, Jordi,A, Fernando,R.(2007). Relationship between Obesity, Hypertension and Diabetes and Health-Related Quality of Life Among The Elderly, Madrid,Spain. Vol -14.P: Margaret, McDonald., Robin, P.H., Alan, N.U., Michael,B.L.(2009).Prevalence, Awareness And Management Of Hypertension, Dyslipidemia And Diabetes Among United Status Adults Aged 65 and Older. Journal Of Gerontology Bio Medical Science,Vol- 64A (2),P: Siobhan, C.M, Linda, P.F, Stefano, V, Jeff, Williamson, Frederick, L.B and Carolin, S.B(2003).Patterns Of Disability Related To Diabetes Mellitus In Older Women. The Journal of Gerontology. Vol :59,Issue-2, pp: Wandell, P.E and Jonas.T(2000).The Quality of Life Of Elderly Diabetes Patients. Journal Of Diabetes And Its Complications, volume-14, Issue-2,pp:
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