American Society of Civil Engineers

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1 American Society of Civil Engineers Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Earthquake Investigation Committee

2 Lifelines Water and Wastewater Electric Power and Communication Gas and Liquid Fuels Transportation Highways and Bridges Railways and transit Airports and Harbors

3 Seismic Mitigation and Emergency Response Water Systems Le Val Lund, P.E. M. AWWA

4 Outline Seismic Hazards Damage Vulnerability Assessment Mitigation Emergency Response Emergency water

5 Earthquakes 1857 Ft. Tejon 1872 Owens Valley 1906 San Francisco 1925 Santa Barbara 1933 Long Beach 1940 El Centro 1952 Tehachapi * 1971 San Fernando 1965 Coalinga 1992 Cape Mendocino 1992 Landers- Big Bear 1994 Northridge 1999 Hector Mine

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8 VULNERABLE LIFELINE SYSTEMS Earthquake damaged lifeline systems (transportation, communication, and utility networks) may impede the provision of necessary utility functions, or access to the building site in the postearthquake aftermath. Bay Bridge Collapse, Loma Prieta Earthquake of 1989 Magnitude: 7.1 Collapse of sections of Interstate Highway 5, Northridge Earthquake of 1994 Magnitude: 6.7 Street collapse near port, Kobe Earthquake of 1995 Magnitude: 6.9

9 Northridge, California Year: 1994 Magnitude: 6.7 Killed 63 people Property Damage: $20 billion Over 30% of the building failures could be attributed to flawed construction.

10 Seismic Hazards Fault Rupture Shaking Liquefaction Landslides Lateral Spreading

11 Fault Rupture

12 San Andreas Wallace Creek

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16 Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zones

17 Shaking

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19 Liquefaction

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22 Landslides

23 Earthquakes push up the mountains and the rain (and gravity) brings them back down Landslides

24 The fires lead to debris flows Christmas 2003 Debris flows from at least 80 burned basins 16 dead

25 Submarine landslides cause tsunamis Age = 7500 years Tsunami height > 8 m

26 Lateral Spreading

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28 Lateral Spreading

29 Geology and Seismic References USGS-United States Geological Survey CGS-California Geological Survey SCEC-Southern California Earthquake Center NEHRP-National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program University, Consultants, etc.

30 Water System Damage

31 Water System Damage

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33 Elephant s Foot Buckling Photo by LeVal Lund

34 Kobe Earthquake Buried Pipe Damage

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44 TREATMENT FACILITIES CLARIFIERS AND SEDIMENTATION BASINS Sloshing Geotechnical Conditions Photo by LeVal Lund

45 Plant Piping

46 Office Equipment

47 Office

48 Colocation

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50 Component Assessment System Analysis

51 Component Assessment

52 Vulnerability Assessment Inventory Field Inspection Damage Assessment Mitigation plan Budget Design Construct

53 Personnel Field Staff Engineers Consultants

54 Component Assessment Site Landslides Ground Deformation Building - Age, Design code, condition - Concrete, masonry, frame - Roof structure - Safety Hazards- Fire Extinguishers Freestanding cabinets and Racks

55 Component Assessment (Cont.) Anchorage Deficiencies Batteries Piping Flexibility Transformers-Pole Top/Ground Electrical/Communication Equipment Cylinders-2 ton, 150 pound Recommend evaluation for structural adequacy

56 Prioritize Priority 1 Low cost-o&m Priority 2 Moderate cost-budget Priority 3 Higher cost-further study-budget

57 Implementation O& M Scheduling Budget Construction

58 System Analysis

59 System Analysis Geology Seismicity Inventory System Importance Factor Maintenance Record Mitigation Cost Emergency Power Supply

60 Earthquake Vulnerability Shaking Ground deformation 1 Reliability Pump Bldg. Control Bldg. Reservoir Wells Well Collection Piping Main Pumps Substation Control Equipment Total PGA (g's)

61 HAZUS-MH Federal Emergency Management Agency Proprietary Programs by Consultants

62 Prioritize Priority 1 Low cost-o&m Priority 2 Moderate cost-budget Priority 3 Higher cost-further study-budget

63 Implementation O& M Scheduling Budget Construction

64 Analysis References MCEER-Multi Disciplinary Center MAE-Mid America Center PEER-Pacific Earthquake Center ASCE-Technical Council Lifeline Earthquake Engineering EERI-Earthquake Engineering Research Institute ALA-American Lifelines Alliance NEHRP, universities, consultants, etc.

65 Mitigation

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70 Above Ground Pipeline Upgrade Example

71 Little Mountain Reservoir Seismic Upgrade

72 Inadequate Anchorage

73 Little Mountain Reservoir Seismic Upgrade

74 Steel Tank Structural Strength

75 Prestressed Concrete Tanks

76 Elevated Tank Upgrade Energy Dissipation

77 Elevated Tank Seismic Isolation/Structural Upgrade

78 Gas Cylinders Not Good Good

79 Plant Piping

80 Chlorine Cylinders Not Good Better

81 Hazardous Materials Storage Not Good Better,

82 Electrical Cabinets Not Good Good

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87 Miscellaneous Hazards Not Good Good

88 Miscellaneous Hazards (cont)

89 Emergency Response

90 Outline Develop Plan Conservation Water Quality Emergency Operations Center Emergency Water Supply Materials/Equipment SEMS, WARN, MARS, and CISN Implementation

91 Develop Plan Work group-use available resources Work and home plan (on & off duty) Contact list (wallet size) Inventory (contractors, materials & equipment) Coordinate with ER organizations (SEMS)(WARN)(MARS) Training and exercise plan

92 Conservation Water supply demand Phase(s) (percent reduction) Voluntary or mandatory Who authorizes? Automatic activation Outreach program

93 Water Quality Field & Laboratory testing (CoAlert) Water Purification Notice (Electronic, printed, door to door) System restoration, chlorination & laboratory testing Health Department approval

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96 Emergency Operations Center Secure location with emergency power Communications facilities Resources (Data, TV, SCADA, etc.) Food, water, sleeping, cash, etc. Links with other EOC s SEMS, WARN and CISN capability Staffing and training

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100 Emergency Water Supply Local EOC Water Coordinator - EOC Primary contact for water - Water system status and mutual aid - Obtains emergency situation information from water and health agencies - Documents costs, contracts, resources

101 Methods for Emergency Water Supply Fire Suppression/Potable supply Pools, cisterns, interagency connections, fire engine pumpers, PWSS, AWWS, etc. Bulk, bottled, construction tanks, wells, fire hydrants, portable treatment, portable hoses and pipes, etc.

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116 Materials/Equipment Spare pipe Repair clamps Small medical water tank Portable chlorinator Portable pump Excavator/dump truck Gasoline pump /emergency generator

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126 SEMS Standardized Emergency management System (SEMS) Modeled after fire service Incident Command System (ICS) Standardizes language and hierarchy Local government responsible for potable water procurement/distribution State OES coordinates if needed

127 WARN Water Agencies Response Network Regional water agencies Mutual Aid Communication Links

128 MARS Member Agencies Response System MWDSC Mutual Aid Communications Link

129 CISN California Integrated Seismic Network Shake maps Loma Prieta 1989 Northridge 1994

130 The CISN ŠWho we are? Founding Members Š OES Š USGS Š CGS Š UC Berkeley Š Caltech Contributing Members Š Other Universities Š Regional Utilities Š Other Gov. Agencies ANSS Member Š CA Component of Nationwide Initiative

131 CISN Seismic Network

132 CISN Display

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135 CISN California Integrated Seismic Network Caltech Earthquake Research Affiliates

136 Implementation Exercise plan (table top, single function, full scale) Designate Emergency Preparedness week/month Coordinate with other EOC s Evaluate and update

137 Emergency Response Activate EOC Reporting procedures Family welfare Emergency power Emergency water Water quality Purification Notice

138 Ft. Tejon Earthquake M th Anniversary USGS Dare to Prepare

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140 Acknowledgements Don Ballantyne-ABS Consulting Bill Heubach-Seattle Public Utilities Margaret Vinci-Caltech ERA

141 CISN California Integrated Seismic Network Caltech Earthquake Research Affiliates

142 ASCE Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering TCLEE Utility Lifeline Publications

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