Number 3. Exploring the Impact of Campus Ministry on Catholics in the United States
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1 Number 3 Exploring the Impact of Campus Ministry on Catholics in the United States
2 Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate Georgetown University Washington, D.C. Exploring the Impact of Campus Ministry on Catholics in the United States A Report Prepared for the Secretariat for Education of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops March 2002 Paul Perl, Ph.D. Bryan T. Froehle, Ph.D.
3 CARA, March 2002, Working Paper 3 CARA was founded by Catholic leaders in 1964 to put social science research tools at the service of the Catholic Church in the United States. For information on CARA and its mission of research, analysis, and planning, contact: Bryan T. Froehle, Ph.D. Executive Director Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate Georgetown University Washington, DC CARA.georgetown.edu
4 Table of Contents Executive Summary...1 Major Findings...1 Introduction...2 Part I: Demographic and Religious Background Characteristics...5 Gender...5 Race and Ethnicity...6 Generation...7 Geographic Region...9 Raised Catholic...10 Years of Catholic Elementary and High School...11 Participation in a Parish Youth Group or CYO...12 Summary...13 Part II: Religious Commitment...14 Frequency of Mass Attendance...14 Importance of the Catholic Faith in Daily Life...15 Involvement in Parish and Other Religious Activities...16 Donating to Parish or Other Catholic Organizations...17 Consideration of Vocations to the Priesthood or Religious Life...18 Encouragement of Religious Vocations...20 Summary...21 Appendix: Question Wording...23
5 Executive Summary In December 2001, the Secretariat for Education of United States Conference of Catholic Bishops engaged CARA, the Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate at Georgetown University, to examine the effects of participation in college campus ministry on several aspects of Catholics religious commitment. This report does so by analyzing data from the CARA Catholic Poll 2001, a telephone poll of self-identified Catholics in the United States that included a question about participation in campus ministry or a Neuman Center in college. Analysis is limited to the 1,203 respondents with at least some college education. Comparisons are made among four groups: (1) those who attended a Catholic college and participated in campus ministry, (2) those who never attended a Catholic college but participated in campus ministry, (3) those who attended a Catholic college but never participated in campus ministry, and (4) those who never attended a Catholic college and never participated in campus ministry. These four groups are first compared using selected demographic and religious background factors and then on several indicators of Catholic religious commitment. Major Findings! College-educated Catholics who participated in campus ministry are more likely than non-participants to have a attended a Catholic college or university. They are also more likely to be female and to have participated in a parish youth group or CYO.! Campus ministry participants are slightly more likely than non-participants to be currently attending Mass regularly. They are much more likely to be involved in religious activities outside of Mass and to have donated money to the Church during the previous year.! Campus ministry participants are slightly more likely than non-participants to say they have encouraged another person to pursue a vocation to the priesthood or religious life. Men who have participated in campus ministry are more likely than men who have not participated to have given consideration to becoming a priest or brother. 1
6 Introduction In December 2001, the Secretariat of Education for the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops engaged CARA, the Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate at Georgetown University, to examine the effects of participation in college campus ministry on several aspects of Catholics religious commitment. This report does so by analyzing data from the CARA Catholic Poll The CARA Catholic Poll The CARA Catholic Poll (CCP) is an annual telephone poll of self-identified Catholics in the United States. It is conducted in the winter, a time of the year when telephone polls typically have relatively high response rates due to fewer people being on vacation and a variety of other factors. The first such annual poll was conducted in The CCP 2001 was conducted from January 17 to 31, Calls were made using random digit dialing to residential telephone exchanges in the United States. When the phone was answered, a member of the household (a targeted respondent ) was randomly selected by using a standard selection technique of asking to speak with the person living there who was at least 14 years old and most recently celebrated his or her birthday. A screening question then asked that individual s religious preference. If the response was Catholic, the interview proceeded. If nobody answered the phone on the first call or if the targeted respondent was not home at that time, up to ten call-back attempts were made. Spanish speaking interviewers were used as needed. A total of 2,174 interviews with Catholics were conducted for the CCP The CCP 2001 is helpful for the purpose of this report because it included a question about participation in campus ministry: Did you ever participate in campus ministry or a Newman Center in college? 1 (The wording for all questions used in this report is available in the Appendix). For this report, only respondents who have had at least some college education, regardless of whether they completed a degree, are included in the analysis. The sample is limited in this way because Catholics who have not attended college would not have had the opportunity to participate in campus ministry. The total sample size for the analysis in this report is 1, In a follow-up question, those who said they had participated were asked if they had participated very much, somewhat, or only a little. Because there are relatively few respondents who participated at all, analyses in this report do not break down level of participation further; there would simply be too few respondents in each of the subcategories for sound statistical analysis. 2
7 Analytical Strategy The central analytical strategy of this report is to compare the characteristics of collegeeducated Catholics who have and have not participated in campus ministry. However, initial exploratory comparisons revealed the need for refinement of this strategy. Catholics who have ever attended a Catholic college or university are more likely than those who never attended a Catholic college to have participated in campus ministry. They are also more likely to display relatively high levels of current religious commitment in areas such as Mass attendance. Thus, it is important to ensure that apparent effects of campus ministry participation on religious commitment are not actually attributable to the fact that a disproportionate number of campus ministry participants attended Catholic colleges. For this reason, comparisons in this report are made among four groups of college educated Catholics:! Those who attended a Catholic college and participated in campus ministry (5 percent of all Catholics with at least some college education)! Those who never attended a Catholic college but participated in campus ministry (10 percent)! Those who attended a Catholic college but never participated in campus ministry (12 percent)! Those who never attended a Catholic college and never participated in campus ministry (73 percent) These four groups are summarized in the table below. Attendance at a Catholic College by Participation in Campus Ministry Percentage of College-Educated Catholics in Each Category Ever Attended a Catholic College? Yes No Participated in Campus Ministry? Yes 5 12 No If participation in campus ministry has effects on Catholics religiosity, it can be expected that those in the first group (attended a Catholic college and participated in campus ministry) would display greater religious commitment than those in the third (attended a Catholic college but did not participate). Similarly, it can be expected that those in the second group 3
8 (never attended a Catholic college but participated in campus ministry) would display greater commitment than those in the fourth (neither attended a Catholic college nor participated in campus ministry). The relatively low proportion of college-educated Catholics in the first three categories above results in relatively small numbers of respondents in each of the groups. Small numbers of respondents, in turn, lead to somewhat substantial margins of error for each of these groups because margin of error increases as sample size decreases. The margin of error for the first group (those who attended Catholic college and participated in campus ministry) is +13 percent. In other words, the characteristics of these survey respondents can be assumed to be within 13 percent points of the characteristics of all Catholics in the U.S. who ever attended Catholic college and participated in campus ministry. Margin of error for the second two groups is +9 percent and +8 percent, respectively. For the fourth group, margin of error is only +3.3 percent. Despite the somewhat high margin of error for some groups, statistical tests reveal a number of statistically significant differences among the groups. 2 Though the tests are not shown in the report, the text indicates whether differences among the groups are statistically significant. Organization of the Report This report is divided into two parts. Part I compares demographic and religious background characteristics of members of the four groups. For the most part, these are factors that were determined before the respondents ever attended college. Demographic characteristics include gender, race and ethnicity, generation, and geographic region. Religious background factors include whether respondents were raised Catholic, whether they ever attended Catholic elementary or high school, and whether they ever participated in a parish youth group as a young person. Part II compares several aspects of religious commitment, many of which are current characteristics: frequency of Mass attendance, importance of the Catholic faith in daily life, involvement in religious activities outside of Mass, donating to the Church, consideration of vocations to the priesthood or religious life, and encouragement of religious vocations. In both parts of the report, comparisons among the four groups are presented in graphs with four stacked bars, each showing the percentage breakdown for one of the four groups. 2 The tests used are ordinary least squares and logistic regressions in which participation in campus ministry and attendance at Catholic college are independent (predictor) variables, along with pertinent demographic and background factors as controls. The dependent variables are the background or commitment measures. Results for regressions of religious commitment are discussed further in the Summary for Part II. 4
9 Part I: Demographic and Religious Background Characteristics Gender Overall, 43 percent of college educated Catholics are men, and 57 percent are women. However, this ratio varies significantly among the four groups examined in this report. This is illustrated in the bar graph below. In this graph (as with all others in this report) two distinct comparisons can be made. Comparing the first bar with the third and the second bar with the fourth reveals whether men and women are equally likely to have participated in campus ministry. Though the differences are not great, women are significantly more likely than men to have participated in campus ministry:! Among those who attended a Catholic college and participated in campus ministry, 76 are women and 24 percent are men. Among those who attended a Catholic college but did not participate, 62 percent are women and 38 percent are men. In other words, women are over-represented among campus ministry participants.! Similarly, among those who never attended a Catholic college, women are overrepresented among campus ministry participants (63 percent compared to 55 percent). 5
10 Race and Ethnicity The CARA Catholic Poll uses questions for race and ethnic identity similar to those used in the U.S. Census for many years. Because people of Hispanic/Latino(a) origin can be of any race, the respondents are divided into three groups: those who say they are white but answer no to Hispanic origin, those who are non-white but answer no to Hispanic origin, and those who answer yes to Hispanic origin. Differences among the four groups in racial and ethnic composition are small, with about 80 to 90 percent of each being non-hispanic white. The differences are not statistically significant. 6
11 Generation For purpose of analysis, CARA categorizes respondents into three generations based on year of birth:! The Pre-Vatican II Generation was born prior to Its members, ages 59 and over at the time of the survey in 2001, came of age prior to Vatican II. Many members of this generation played a crucial role in creating many of the institutions of twentieth century Catholic life. Eighteen percent of college educated Catholics are members of the Pre- Vatican II Generation.! The Vatican II Generation. Its members were born between 1943 and 1960 and are between the ages of 41 and 58 in They came of age during the time of the Second Vatican Council and their formative years spanned the time of profound changes in the Church. To a large extent, though not perfectly, this Catholic generation overlaps with the Baby Boomers. Thirty-eight percent of college educated Catholics are of this generation.! The Post-Vatican II Generation, born after 1960, includes those who were age 40 or younger in This generation is sometimes called Generation X and includes all those who came of age after the Second Vatican Council. Forty-four percent of college educated Catholics are of this generation. Because this group is relatively large, it has been subdivided into those 18 to 29 at the time of the survey (19 percent) and those 30 to 40 (25 percent). 7
12 As the graph below shows, the primary generational difference turns on whether Catholics have ever attended a Catholic college or university. The difference is between the pre- Vatican II and post-vatican II generations. Members of the pre-vatican II generation are significantly more likely than those of the post-vatican II generation to have attended a Catholic college.! Among those who attended a Catholic college, about one-third (32 to 33 percent) are members of the Pre-Vatican II generation while 24 to 29 percent are members of the Post-Vatican II generation.! Among those who attended non-catholic colleges, only 15 to 17 percent are members of the Pre-Vatican II generation and more than four-tenths (45 to 47 percent) are members of the Post-Vatican II generation. 8
13 Geographic Region Using area codes, respondents to the CCP are categorized into four geographic regions based on major Census categories: Northeast, South, Midwest, and West. 3 It should be kept in mind that information is available only about current place of residence and that some respondents have undoubtedly moved across the country since the time they attended college. The primary difference among the groups in the graph below is that those who have attended a Catholic college are significantly more likely to reside in the Northeast than those who have not. Geographical region is not significantly related to participation in campus ministry. 3 The Northeast region includes Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont. The Midwest region includes Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. The South region includes Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, the District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia. The West region includes Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. 9
14 Raised Catholic There are only small and statistically non-significant differences among the groups in terms of whether members were raised Catholic or converted to Catholicism. 10
15 Years of Catholic Elementary and High School Those who have attended a Catholic college or university are significantly more likely than those who have not to have also had Catholic schooling at the elementary or high school level and in particular to have had at least nine years of Catholic elementary and high school education. However, Catholic school attendance is not related to the likelihood of participating in campus ministry at the college level. 11
16 Participation in a Parish Youth Group or CYO Those who have participated in campus ministry in college are significantly more likely than those who have not to have participated in a parish youth group or CYO as a young person.! About two-thirds (67 to 68 percent) of those who participated in college campus ministry also participated in a parish youth group or CYO.! In comparison, only about half (50 to 53 percent) of those who did not participate in college campus ministry participated in a parish youth group or CYO. 12
17 Summary Examination of demographic and background characteristics of college educated Catholics reveal three things that are significantly related to the likelihood of attending a Catholic college but apart from this are unrelated to participation in college campus ministry: living in the Northeast, being a member of the Pre-Vatican II Generation, and attending Catholic elementary or high school. Two factors, being female and participating in a parish youth group or CYO, significantly increase the likelihood of college campus ministry participation, regardless of whether one attends a Catholic or non-catholic college. Part II of this report will examine the relationship between campus ministry participation and a number of aspects of religious commitment. In cases where those who have participated in campus ministry display greater commitment than those who have not participated, it will be important to keep in mind that members of the former group are disproportionately female and disproportionately youth group participants. The Summary for Part II reports results of tests of significance that statistically control for gender and youth group participation. 13
18 Part II: Religious Commitment Frequency of Mass Attendance Respondents were asked how frequently they currently attend Mass. The graph below groups responses into four categories ranging from rarely or never to every week. For many CCP respondents, especially many older respondents, a large amount of time has elapsed since their college days. Still, it is conceivable that a positive experience in campus ministry could have a long-lasting effect on their religious participation. Among those who attended a Catholic college, there is little relationship between campus ministry participation in college and present Mass attendance. Eighty-one percent of those who participated in campus ministry now attend Mass at least a few times a month, compared to 76 percent of those who did not participate. In comparison, there is a larger and significant difference among those who attended non-catholic colleges only. Among this group, 81 percent of those who participated in campus ministry and 62 percent of those who did not participate currently attend Mass at least a few times a month. 14
19 Importance of the Catholic Faith in Daily Life Respondents were asked: How important is your Catholic faith in your daily life? Response categories ranged from the most important part of your life to not important in your life at all. There is a significant but modest difference among those who attended a Catholic college: 65 percent of those who participated in campus ministry compared to 52 percent of those who did not participate say that their Catholic faith is now at least among the most important parts of their lives. 4 However, there is no significant difference among those who attended non-catholic colleges. 4 As will be seen in the Summary below, this significant difference disappears when statistically controlling for gender and youth group participation. 15
20 Involvement in Parish and Other Religious Activities Respondents were asked: Besides attending Mass, how involved are you in parish and other religious activities? Response categories ranged from very involved to not involved at all. There are significant and substantial differences among the four groups.! Thirty-one percent of those who attend a Catholic college and participated in campus ministry describe themselves as currently being very involved in parish and other religious activities. This compares to 14 percent of those who attended a Catholic college but did not participate in campus ministry.! Among respondents who did not attend a Catholic college, 72 percent of those who participated in campus ministry report they are at least a little involved in parish and other religious activities. This compares to only 54 percent of those who did not participate in campus ministry. 16
21 Donating to Parish or Other Catholic Organizations Respondents were asked if their household had donated to a Catholic parish or another Catholic organization during the previous year. There is only a small difference among those who attended a Catholic college. But among those who did not attend a Catholic college, 91 percent of campus ministry participants and 76 percent of non-participants gave to the Church during the previous year, a statistically significant difference. 17
22 Consideration of Vocations to the Priesthood or Religious Life Respondents were asked if they had ever considered a vocation to the priesthood or religious life. If the reply was yes, they were then asked how seriously they had considered it. The graph below shows the results for men only. Men! Among men who attended a Catholic college, 63 percent of campus ministry participants gave at least a little consideration to becoming a priest or religious brother at some point in their lives. In comparison, only 37 percent of non-participants gave it any consideration.! Among men who attended non-catholic colleges, 48 percent of campus ministry participants and 21 percent of non-participants ever considered the religious life. Both these differences are statistically significant and are among the largest differences identified in this report. 18
23 Women Among women, consideration of the religious life is significantly related to attending a Catholic college but not to campus ministry participation. Thirty-nine percent of women who attended a Catholic college have given at least a little consideration to a religious vocation. This compares with about two-tenths (20 to 23 percent) of those who never attended a Catholic college. 19
24 Encouragement of Religious Vocations Respondents were also asked whether they would encourage another person to serve as a priest, sister, or brother and, if so, whether they have actually ever done so. Campus ministry participants are significantly more likely than non-participants to report that they have encouraged another person to pursue a vocation. However the differences are relatively small.! Among those who attended a Catholic college, 33 percent of campus ministry participants compared to 24 percent of non-participants have ever encouraged someone to serve as a priest, sister, or brother.! Among those who attended non-catholic colleges, 27 percent of campus ministry participants compared to 18 percent of non-participants have ever encouraged someone to serve as a priest, sister, or brother. 20
25 Summary Participation in campus ministry is significantly related to several aspects of collegeeducated Catholics religious commitment. Having participated in campus ministry increases:! The frequency with which Catholics currently attend Mass, primarily among those who attended non-catholic colleges.! The importance Catholics say their faith has in their daily lives, among those who attended Catholic colleges. However, this difference is relatively small.! Catholics level of involvement in parish and religious activities besides Mass.! The likelihood that Catholics have donated money to a parish or other Church organization during the previous year. This difference exists primarily among those who attended non-catholic colleges.! The likelihood that Catholic men have considered becoming a priest or brother and the seriousness with which they have done so.! The willingness of Catholics to encourage others to consider a vocation to the religious life. However, this difference is relatively small. As shown in Part I of this report, campus ministry participants differ from other Catholics in at least two important ways: they are more likely to be female and they are more likely to have participated in a parish youth group or CYO before college. It is possible that these differences, and not campus ministry participation per se, account for the relationships noted above. For this reason, multivariate analysis was used to examine differences in religious commitment while statistically controlling gender and youth group participation. 5 When such statistical controls are included, all the relations highlighted above between campus ministry participation and religious commitment remain statistically significant except for the importance of the Catholic faith in daily life. In other words, campus ministry participation can be described as being significantly related to all but one of these forms religious commitment above and beyond the fact that its members are disproportionately female and youth group participants. Additionally, multivariate analyses make it possible to compare how strongly different factors predict each of the forms of religious commitment. Findings show that campus ministry participation is: 5 As noted in the Introduction, logistic and ordinary least squares regression were used. Other pertinent demographic and religious background factors were controlled. Because these statistical techniques are not likely to be accessible to most readers, the analyses are not shown in this report. 21
26 ! Only moderately related to frequency of Mass attendance when compared to demographic factors such as generation and marital status (having a Catholic spouse). However, other religious background factors, such as being raised Catholic, attending Catholic school, and participation in a parish youth group or CYO are less strongly related to Mass attendance than campus ministry participation.! Relatively strongly related to level of involvement in parish and other religious activities and to giving to the Church, though not as strongly related as marital status.! Relatively strongly related to men s consideration of the priesthood or religious life, though not as strongly related as participation in a parish youth group or CYO.! Only moderately related to the degree to which Catholics are willing to encourage others to pursue a vocation. Participation in a parish youth group or CYO is more strongly related to this willingness; however, few demographic or religious background factors seem to be strong predictors of willingness to encourage vocations. A Note About Causality It is worth noting that the existence of correlations between campus ministry participation and several aspects of religious commitment does not necessarily mean that the former has caused the latter. For example, it is possible that the reason some Catholics participated in campus ministry in college while others did not is that the participants were relatively more religiously-committed than non-participants to begin with and that their participation did not further increase their relatively stronger religious commitment. What the results presented in this report do show is that the existence a causal relationship between campus ministry participation and several aspects of religious commitment is plausible. Had no correlations been found, it would have been possible to conclude definitively that no causal relationships existed. 22
27 Appendix: Question Wording 23
28 Participation in Campus Ministry Did you ever participate in campus ministry or a Newman Center in college? 1 Yes 2 No If Yes: Did you participate... READ LIST 1 Very much 2 Somewhat 3 Only a little Demographics Asked only if unable to determine gender from voice: Are you male or female? 1 Male 2 Female How old are you? RECORD RESPONSE: IF HESITANT, PROBE WITH THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES: Are you to to to to to to or older What best describes your highest level of education? 1 Less than high school graduate 2 High school graduate 3 Vocational or trade school graduate 4 Some college 5 College graduate 6 Graduate or professional school (like law or medical school NOT vocational or trade schools) 24
29 Are you of Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino descent? 1 Yes 2 No And what is your race? Are you... 1 White 2 Black or African American 3 American Indian or Alaskan Native 4 Asian 5 Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander Religious Background Were you raised Catholic? 1 Yes 2 No Did you ever attend a Catholic school or college for any of your education? 1 Yes 2 No If ever attended a Catholic school: How many total years of education did you receive in Catholic elementary and high schools? RECORD YEARS: If ever attended a Catholic school and has at least some college education: Did you ever attend a Catholic college or university? 1 Yes 2 No All respondents: Did you ever participate in a parish youth group or CYO? 1 Yes 2 No 25
30 Religious Commitment Aside from weddings and funerals, about how often do you attend Mass? Do you attend... READ LIST 1 Rarely or never 2 A few times a year 3 Once or twice a month 4 Almost every week 5 Every week 6 More than once a week Besides attending Mass, about how involved are you in parish or other religious activities? Would you say you are... READ LIST 1 Very involved 2 Somewhat involved 3 A little involved 4 Not involved at all How important is your Catholic faith in your daily life? Is it... READ LIST 1 The most important part of your life 2 Among the most important parts of your life 3 Important, but so are many other areas of your life 4 Not too important in your life 5 Not important in your life at all During the last 12 months, have you or other family members in your household given money to a Catholic parish or any other Catholic organization? 1 Yes 2 No If Male: Have you ever considered becoming a priest or brother? 1 Yes 2 No 26
31 If Yes: Would you say you have considered this... READ LIST 1 Very seriously 2 Somewhat seriously 3 Only a little seriously 4 Not seriously at all If Female: Have you ever considered becoming a sister or nun? 1 Yes 2 No If Yes: Would you say you have considered this 1 Very seriously 2 Somewhat seriously 3 Only a little seriously 4 Not seriously at all All Respondents: Would you encourage someone to serve as a priest, sister, or brother? 1 Yes 2 No If Yes: Have you ever encouraged someone to serve as a priest, sister, or brother? 1 Yes 2 No 27
32 Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate Georgetown University Announces The CARA Campus Ministry Survey for College Students Campus ministers need to know their students attitudes about being Catholic, what they look for in faith formation programs, and how they evaluate campus ministry programs. It is very time-consuming and expensive for an individual campus ministry to write their own survey, process the data, analyze the data, and report the findings. CARA has responded to this need by developing a typical survey campus ministers can use with their students. The 110 question survey is flexible campus ministers can add questions specific to their ministry. Costs The cost for the survey is between $2,500 to $4,500 depending on the number of surveys returned. The campus ministry receives a customdesigned survey suited for their students, a master survey easily reproduced for distribution, data processing, a data sheet, a sociological analysis of the findings, three correlations of their choice, and a user-friendly comparative report. CARA can also transcribe and analyze openended questions, assist in sharing the findings, and facilitate a group process with student leaders to use the findings for evaluation and strategic planning. These services are billed separately. Basic Information Collected Attitudes about being Catholic What attracts students to programs What students look for in homilies How students evaluate campus ministry programs Struggles college students face Frequency of Mass attendance Preferences in liturgical music How effectively campus ministry reaches out to student groups Vocational interests Religious formation background Numerous studies have helped campus ministers understand the religious perspective of young adult Catholics. While extremely helpful in understanding young adult Catholics, national studies do not provide a clear picture of the particular gathering of college students the Church has entrusted to the local campus ministry. The CARA Campus Ministry Survey for College Students puts a face on national trends and provides valuable information about how students relate to the local campus ministry. CARA has been a leader in Catholic pastoral research for nearly forty years. Founded in response to Vatican II s call for use of the social sciences to aid the apostolate, CARA is a Catholic research organization located at Georgetown University. For More Information Contact: Jonathon L. Wiggins, Ph.D. Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate - Georgetown University - Washington, DC Phone: Fax jlw8@georgetown.edu Website:
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