Alaattin KANOĞLU I.T.U. Faculty of Architecture

Transcription

1 DATABASE DESIGN and Fall semestre its applications in architecture Information System Design and Applications in Construction Industry by Prof.Dr. Alaattin KANOĞLU I.T.U. Faculty of Architecture

2 Outline Basic concepts Basic problem areas in CM Basic objectives of IS Information types required in Building Production Process Components of CBIS in conceptual dimension Information System analysis Steps of IS analysis Eras of IS Diffusion and Infusion concepts in IS Patterns of IS Basic dimensions of IT in Building Production Process

3 Basic Concepts l Information l Information System (IS) l Information Technology (IT) l Information Society

4 Basic problem areas in construction project Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U. Amaç/Kapsam Yönetimi Maliyet Organizasyon Kalite Risk Scope Cost Organiz. Quality Risk Yönetimi Yönetimi Yönetimi Yönetimi PPP Bütünleþik Planlama Project Planning & Programming Süre(ç) Yönetimi Kaynak Yönetimi Temin Yönetimi Ýletiþim Time Resource Procurem Commun. Yönetimi

5 Information concept 1. Knowledge obtained by education, experience etc. 2. Intelligence related to a certain event or situation, 3. Data Group: statistical, 4. News 5. Messages transmitted as sounds and images via phone lines or computer networks or radio waves, neural impulses in living organisms etc..

6 Types of Information knowledge intelligence data news impressions messages etc.

7 What is system? Information system (IS): An organized combination of people, hardware, software, communication networks, and data resources that collects, transforms and disseminates in an organization.

8 What is technology? Information technology (IT): Any device which is used for gathering, recording, transforming and disseminating the.

9 l Scottus Eriugena (scholastic approaches) Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U. l Isaac Newton (scientific and scholastic approaches) l Paracelsus (scientific and scholastic approaches) l Adam Smith (industrial society) l Bill Gates ( society) l Isaac Asimov (social engineering) l Alvin Toffler (projections for future)

10 What is the objective of IS s? A positive contribution by systems can come in three forms; Efficiency measured by productivitydoing things better (support of business operations) Effectiveness accomplished by broadening the scope of individual tasks- doing better/right things (support of managerial decision making) Competitive advantage gained by enterprise - doing better and new things (support of strategic management) Strategical Level Tactical Level Operational Level

11 Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U. Information types required in BPP? Different types of are needed in building production process management. For example; Knowledge related to construction technology, Intelligence related to competitors, Data related to cost, duration of activities etc., News related to bids, competitors, materials etc., Impressions related to construction market, etc.

12 Who utilize the technology? Entrepreneurs Designers Consultancy Companies Suppliers /Vendors Contractors / Subcontractors Software Developers Education Foundations Research Foundations Information Providers Public Authorities etc.

13 Information required by Entrepreneurs? Decision Making Phase Information related to technical, organizational, economic feasibility studies, etc., Design Phase Information related to costs of alternatives, etc., Bid & Tender Phase Information related to project delivery approaches, organizational patterns, etc., Contracting Phase Information related to preparing contracts and specifications, etc., Construction Phase Information related to work progress, cash flow, quality, etc., Marketing Phase Marketing Phase Information related to Market conditions, consumer tendencies, maintenance plan, etc.,

14 Information required by Designers? l Projects available in the market, l Special for special parts of projects, l l l Preliminary decisions which will be based on in design phase, Technology, cost limitation, customer profile, Legal limitations, codes and regulations related to construction and the project, l l l Feedback from site related to problems originating from design failures, Information which will be obtained from engineering offices for integration of subsystems in project etc.

15 Impacts of new organizational ational patterns? Total Involvement Engineering (TIE) is an approach which is based on team concept instead of a hierarchical organization and improving this concept during construction process, obtains the participation of stakeholders via more organic relationships, due to this, requires advanced systems and technology

16 Information flow in TIE approach? Owner/Entrepreneur/ Investor Consultancy Group Project Proj ect Design Group General Contractor Project Manager

17 Concurrent Engineering HVAC Systems Architectural Design Project Lighting Systems Sanitary Systems Structural System Electronic Systems

18 Information required by Constructors? Procurement Phase Information related to available projects, competitors, etc. Bidding Phase Information for determining bid price and markup, risks, competitors strategies, company strategy, past experiences, etc., Contracting Phase Information for determining contract conditions to minimize the risks, etc., Planning Phase Information related to crews, their performances and duration of activities, etc., Construction Phase Information related to progress, problems and solutions, etc., Close out Phase Close out Phase Information related to closeout process, work progress, quality problems, etc...

19 Substructure for flow l Communication among functional departments within design office or site - Intranet l Communication among HQ s functional departments - Intranet l Communication among HQ and offices/sites - Internet l Communication among offices/sites - Internet

20 Components of CBIS Model? problems Problemler problems Kompüter Destekli Enformasyon Sistemi (CBIS) data process.s. Veri Ýþleme Sistemi Kararlar decisions Çözümler solutions enformasyon manag.inform.s. Yönetim Enformas. Sistemi decision supp.s. Karar Destek Sistemi office autom.s. Ofis Otomasyon Sistemi expert Uzman Sistemler systems Þekil 4 - Kompüter Destekli Enformasyon Sistemi Modeli

21 Functions vs IS Components Information System Components DB MIS DSS ES OAS Planning Personnel Equipment Functions Material Cost Quality Subcontractor Communication Design

22 Data Processing System Model Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U. management Yönetim management enformasyon veri-iþleme sistemi database database software software Veri Ýþleme Software'i data processing system enformasyon veri data data database database veritabaný veri data data input physical resources Girdi Fiziksel Kaynakl. Dönüþtürme transformation output physical resources Çýktý Fiziksel Kaynakl. ÇEVRE environment Database Design and Þekil Its 5 - Veri Applications Ýþleme Sistemi Modeli in Architecture

23 Management Information System Model Organizasyona Ait Problem Solvers Problem Solvers Problem Çözücüler enformasyon Raporlama Reporting Software'i Software Reporting Software enformasyon Matematik Mathematical Modeller Mathematical Models Models veri data data veri data data enformasyon yönetim enformasyon sistemi veritabaný database database management system ÇEVRE environment Database Design Þekil and 6 - Yönetim Its Enformasyon Applications Sistemi Modeli in Architecture

24 Decision Support System Model Individual Individual Problem Problem Solvers Solvers Bireysel Problem Çözücüler enformasyon communication communication iletiþim communication iletiþim communication Other Group Other Group Üyeleri Members Members Diðer Grup iletiþim communication communication Raporlama Reporting Reporting Software Software Software'i Matematik Mathematical Modeller Mathematical Models Models veri data data Graph. Grafik Karar Decision Graph. Decision Destek Support sistemi System. Support System. environment ÇEVRE veri data data data data veri enformasyon karar destek sistemi veri database database decision support system data data enformasyon Þekil 9 - Karar Destek Sistemi Modeli

25 Office Automation System Model FÝRMA COMPANY problem solver Problem Çözücü problem solver iletiþim ofis otomasyon sistemi communication iletiþim non-computer-based non-computer-based OAS application OAS application Kompüter Tabanlý Olmayan Ofis Otm. Uygulamalarý computer-based OAS computer-based OAS application application Kompüter Tabanlý Ofis Otomasyon Uygulamalarý communication iletiþim iletiþim Diðer Problem other problem solvers Çözücüler other problem solvers enformasyon enformasyon database database veritabaný office automation system enformasyon input Girdi physical resources Fiziksel Kaynaklar transformation Dönüþtürme output Çýktý Fiziksel Kaynaklar physical resources environment ÇEVRE Database Design and Þekil 10- Its Ofis Otomasyon Applications Sistemi Modeli in Architecture

26 Expert System Model kullanýcý user user instructions & instructions & talimat ve enformasyon çözüm solution ve açýklamalar & explanations solution & explanations uzman sistem kullanýcý user user interface arayüzü interface expert system instructions & instructions & talimat ve enformasyon anlamlandýrma talimat ve instructions & enformasyon instructions & meaning meaning çözüm solution ve açýklamalar & explanations solution & explanations development geliþtirme engineer development mühendisi engineer decision support system bilgi knowledg knowledg e e knowledge knowledge base base bilgitabaný bilgi knowledge knowledge bilgi knowledge knowledge problem alaný problem area uzman ve bilgi mühendisi expert & knowl. engineer expert & knowl. engineer environment ÇEVRE environment Þekil 11 - Uzman Sistem Modeli

27 System Life Cycle Loop system lifecycle loop Planlama 1. Planning 5. Evresi 2. Kullaným Planning 2. Implem. Implem. Phase Phase Evresi Phase Phase 2. Analiz 2. Analysis Analysis Phase Phase Evresi Uygulama 4. Testing Testing Phase Phase Evresi Dizayn 3. Design Design Phase Phase Evresi Þekil 12 - Sistem Yaþamsal Döngüsü

28 Information System Analysis Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U. l Analysis of Current Structure & Processes l System Development l Testing The System l System Implementation l Feedback 6 Onaylanmýþ Malzeme Sipariþ Formlarý Malzeme Satýcýlarý Veritabaný Malz. sipariþ formu Ýrsaliye Sözleþme Malzeme Araç Tartý Fiþi Formunun Doldurulmasý Tartý fiþi dosyasý Malzeme Ýstek Formlarýnýn Deðerlendirilmesi Formlara Göre Malzeme Çýkýþ Kayýtlarýnýn Kompütere Aktarýlmasý Sipariþ Edilen Malzemenin Ambarda Olup/Olmadýðýnýn Kontrol Edilmesi Malzeme Sipariþi Verilmesi Ýrsaliyeye Giriþ No.'su Verilmesi yok Gelen Malzemenin Kontrol Edilmesi Ýrsaliyelerin Kontrolluða Onaylatýlmasý Ýrsaliye Bilgilerinin Malzeme Giriþ Formu ve Kompütere Kaydedilmesi var Ýrsaliyeye Fatura No.'su Yazýlmasý 5 Onaylanmýþ Malzeme Ýstek Formlarý Foxbase Malzemenin teslimi Malzeme teslim tutanaðý Foxbase Demirbaþ Kayýtlarýnýn Tutulmasý Faturanýn Kontrolluða Onaylatýlmasý Fatura fotokopi dosyasý Foxbase Malzeme sipariþ formu Günlük sipariþ formlarý listesi Malzeme Giriþ Bilgilerinin Arþivlenmesi 1 Malzeme giriþ formu dosyasý Malzemesipariþ formu dosyasý SATINALMA-AMBAR SÝSTEMÝ AKIÞ DÝYAGRAMI (2)

29 Eras of Information Systems Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U. DP MIS SIS Nature of Technology Computers Distributed Proc. Networks Fragmented Interconnected Integrated Hardw.Limitat. Softw.Limitation People/Vision L. Nature of Operations Remote from users, controlled by DP. Regulated by management services Available and supportive to users Issues in system development Technical issues (programming, project manag.) Supporting user needs (inform. management) Related to business strategy Reasons for using technology Reduce costs (espec.admin.) (techno.driven) Support business (espec.managers) (user driven) Enable the business (business driven) Characteristic of system Regimented Operational (internal) Accommodating control Flexible / Strategic (external)

30 Two concepts related to IS/IT Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U. Diffusion The degree to which IT has become dispersed throughout the organization and decisions concerning its use are decentralized. Infusion The degree to which an organization becomes dependent on IS/IT to carry out its core operations and manage the business

31 Patterns of systems High DIFFUSION opportunistic largely decentralized control, giving business managers the ability to satisfy their local priorities, but the resulting systems are not critical to the business. traditional highly centralized control of IT resources and IS is not critical to the business. companies use IT solely to improve efficiency complex largely decentralized control, but the business depends on the systems for success, both in avoiding disadvantage and in achieving its overall business objectives. backbone highly centralized control of IT resources and IS is critical to the business. the business could be seriously disadvantaged if system fails. Low High INFUSION

32 Steps of system analysis study Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U. 1l OBTAINING REQUIRED INFORMATION RELATED TO COMPANY AND INVESTIGATING THE PROBLEM FORMULATION AND SCOPE OF STUDY SUGGESTED BY THE COMPANY 2l REFORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM STATEMENT AND SCOPE OF STUDY AFTER EVALUATING THE INFORMATION GATHERED from MEETINGS WITH COMPANY EECUTIVES

33 Steps of system analysis study Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U. 3l DEVELOPING THE ANALYSIS PLAN CONSIDERING THE OBJECTIVES, RESTRICTIONS OF STUDY AND DETERMINING ANALYSIS TOOLS TO BE USED 4l APPROVAL OF THE ANALYSIS PLAN BY THE EECUTIVES OF THE COMPANY

34 Steps of system analysis study Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U. 5l PREPARING THE DETAILED ANALYSIS SCHEDULE AND ARRANGING THE APPOINTMENTS FOR THE PERSONS TO BE SURVEYED. 6l SYSTEM ANALYSIS REALISATION PHASE

35 Steps of system analysis study 7 l EVALUATION OF INFORMATION GATHERED IN SYSTEM ANALYSIS REALISATION PHASE Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U. 8 l DRAWING THE PICTURE OF EISTING INFORMATION SYSTEM, INDICATING THE PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SOLUTIONS WHICH WILL BE BASED ON AT FOLLOWING PHASE

36 Basic dimensions of IT in BPP Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U. Hardware l Personal computers (PC) l Local area networks (LAN) l Wide area networks (WAN) l Mainframe l Global networks (Bitnet, Internet) Software l Database software l MIS software l Decision support software l Artificial intelligence s. l Office automation software

37 Data flow among the functional components GLOBAL PLANLAMA MODÜLÜ SÜRE(Ç) KAYNAK PLANLAMA ALTMODÜLÜ MALÝYET SÖZLEÞME PLANLAMA ALTMODÜLÜ Ýnsan Kaynaklarý Planlama Ýþlevi Malzeme Planlama Ýþlevi Ekipman Planlama Ýþlevi PLANLAMA ALTMODÜLÜ (ÝHALE) PLANLAMA ALTMODÜLÜ eylem kodlama sistematiði kaynak kodlama sist. performans standartlarý süre(ç) programý (planlanan) süre(ç) programý (gerçekleþen) iþ ilerleme verileri insan kayn.kodlama sist. personel özlük bilgileri personel puantajlarý personel ihtiyaç planý personel baþvuru bilgileri personel performans bilg. personel temin planý malzeme kodl. sistematiði satýcýlara iliþkin bilgiler malzeme ihtiyaç planý malzeme giriþ-çýkýþ bilg. malzeme sipariþ verileri malzeme temin planý malzeme özellikleri ekipman kodl. sistematiði ekipman ihtiyaç planý ekipman parký (firma) ekipman parký (þantiye) ekipman temin planý ekipman bakým-onarým pl. ekipman nitelikleri maliyet kodl. sistematiði ekipman maliyet verileri malzeme maliyet verileri personel maliyet verileri taþeron maliyet verileri genel giderler planlanan nakit giriþi nakit çýkýþý sözleþme kodl. sistematiði taþeron kodl. sistematiði sözleþme belgeleri taþeron ihtiyaç planý taþeron performans veril. taþeron özlük bilgileri taþeron temin planý finansman planý ÝÞ TAKÝP ve ÝLERLEME MODÜLÜ ÝNSAN KAYN. YÖNETÝM MODÜLÜ MALZEME YÖNETÝM MODÜLÜ EKÝPMAN YÖNETÝM MODÜLÜ MALÝYET YÖNETÝM MODÜLÜ TAÞERON YÖNETÝM MODÜLÜ DÝÐER ÝÞLEVSEL MODÜLLER