Measuring Optical and Thermal Properties of High Temperature Receivers
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1 Folie 1 Measuring Optical and Thermal Properties of High Temperature Receivers Johannes Pernpeintner, Thomas Fend 4 th SFERA Summerschool, May 15-16, 2013, Burg Hornberg
2 Folie 2 Part I: Thermal properties of receivers for SOLAR TOWER TECHNOLOGY Thomas Fend Part II: Optical and thermal properties of tube receivers for PARABOLIC TROUGH TECHNOLOGY Johannes Pernpeitner
3 Folie 3 Why Solar Tower Technology? Efficiency limited by thermal engine Higher temperatures higher efficiencies Higher losses athighertemperatures Higher concentration ratio
4 Folie 4 Solar Tower Technology: Example
5 Folie 5 Receivers for Solar Tower Technology volumetric receivers tube receivers direct medium receivers
6 Folie 6 Tube Receivers absorption on outer tube surface transport of heat through tube wall to a medium media: liquid salt, liquid metal, water, air thermal resistance non homogeneous heating tube surface temperature is higher than medium temperature
7 Folie 7 Tube Receivers Solar Two absorption on outer tube surface transport of heat through tube wall to a medium media: liquid salt, liquid metal, water, air thermal resistance non homogeneous heating tube surface temperature is higher than medium temperature
8 Folie 8 Tube Receivers Gemasolar absorption on outer tube surface transport of heat through tube wall to a medium media: liquid salt, liquid metal, water, air thermal resistance non homogeneous heating tube surface temperature is higher than medium temperature Source: torresolenergy
9 Folie 9 Tube Receivers PS10/PS20 absorption on outer tube surface transport of heat through tube wall to a medium media: liquid salt, liquid metal, water, air thermal resistance non homogeneous heating tube surface temperature is higher than medium temperature Source: desertec UK
10 Folie 10 Volumetric Receivers Radiation absorbed in the porous volume of the receiver Front temperature lower than medium temperature Medium: air, pressurized air
11 Folie 11 Volumetric Receivers Radiation absorbed in the porous volume of the receiver Front temperature lower than medium temperature Medium: air, pressurized air 2mm 0.8 mm
12 Folie 12 Volumetric Receivers Radiation absorbed in the porous volume of the receiver Front temperature lower than medium temperature Medium: air, pressurized air Solar Tower Jülich Tower: 60m 2153 Heliostats (8.2 m²) 22.7 m² receiver aperture 1 h thermal storage 500 C/ 30 bar 1.5 MW el turbine
13 Folie 13 Thermal Performance Prediction
14 Folie 14 Thermal Performance Prediction Absorption
15 Folie 15 Thermal Performance Prediction Absorption Conductive resistance in tube wall
16 Folie 16 Thermal Performance Prediction Absorption Conductive resistance in tube wall Convective resistance
17 Folie 17 Thermal Performance Prediction Absorption Conductive resistance in tube wall Convective resistance tables standard techniques optimization of process by geometry and thermal properties of the employed material
18 Folie 18 Thermal Performance Prediction: Heat Transfer Enhancing Concepts Increased heat transfer surface Enhanced heat transfer by gradation in radial direction Thermal properties of porous material needed Proposed in Korean/Swiss/German project CMC4CSP
19 Folie 19 Thermal Performance Prediction: Volumetric Receiver Conductive resistance and Convective resistance in porous volume Advanced experimental techniques necessary if non uniform pore geometries are used
20 Folie 20 Thermal Performance Prediction Conductive resistance and Convective resistance in porous volume Advanced experimental techniques necessary if non uniform pore geometries are used
21 Folie 21 Thermal Performance Prediction Conductive resistance and Convective resistance in porous volume Advanced experimental techniques necessary if non uniform pore geometries are used
22 Folie 22 Thermal Conductivity of Porous Materials Transient Plane Source Technique + Measurement of characteristic volumes + mesurement yields effective thermal conductivity effective thermal diffusivity heat capacity
23 Folie 23 Thermal Conductivity of Porous Materials Transient Plane Source Technique + Measurement of characteristic volumes + mesurement yields effective thermal conductivity effective thermal diffusivity heat capacity
24 Folie 24 Effective Thermal Conductivity of Porous Materials: Metal Foams Nickel base alloy
25 Folie 25 Convective Resistance in Porous Volume two phase approach in continuum model Additional term in energy equations of solid and fluid phase eff m C P 2 T A dt dx S F v A v ( T S T F ) 0 ( T T ) S F 0 A v : volumetric convective heat transfer coefficient
26 Folie 26 Experimental Set-Up for Volumetric Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient Av: AAF-method 1 Heat Element Absorber sample Air Insulation DT(t,0) x=0 x=l T(t,0) T(t,L) DT(t,L) Air flow with alternating temperature profile induced Porous sample causes phase shift and amplitude attenuation Av determined t Df t 1. ) Alternating Air flow method after Younis and Viskanta
27 Folie 27 Experimental Set-Up for Volumetric Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient Av: AAF-method Heat Element Absorber sample Cordierite 20 ppi CB SiC 45 ppi Air Insulation x=0 x=l T(t,0) T(t,L) SSiC 10 ppi 10 mm DT(t,0) DT(t,L) t Df t
28 Folie 28 Experimental Set-Up for Volumetric Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient Av: AAF-method Heat Element Air Absorber sample y = 0,42x 0,62 76 all all all 10 Nu 4 y = 0,15x 0,62 Insulation DT(t,0) x=0 x=l T(t,0) T(t,L) DT(t,L) 2 0 y = 0,08x 0, Re t Df t
29 Folie 29 Experimental Set-Up for Volumetric Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient Av: AAF-method Heat Element Air Absorber sample y = 0,42x 0,62 76 all all all 10 Nu 4 y = 0,15x 0,62 Insulation DT(t,0) x=0 x=l T(t,0) T(t,L) DT(t,L) 2 0 y = 0,08x 0, Re t Df t Nu n PPI Re 0.62
30 Folie 30 Experimental Set-Up for Volumetric Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient Av: AlAv-method 1 sample beamer IR camera mass flow measurement blower 1. ) AlphaAv method after Brendelberger et al.
31 Folie 31 Experimental Set-Up for Volumetric Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient Av: AlAv-method
32 Folie 32 The AlAv-method: Results on Metal Foams
33 Folie 33 Conclusions For the prediction of the thermal performance of high temperature components characteristic quantities are needed Transient plane Source Technique for thermal conductivity measurement AAF and AlAV method for volumetric convective heat transfer properties
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