Christoph Veigel Director of the Business School Akademie für Betriebswirtschaft und Welthandelssprachen ABW in Stuttgart President of ESA- European

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1 Christoph Veigel Director of the Business School Akademie für Betriebswirtschaft und Welthandelssprachen ABW in Stuttgart President of ESA- European Schools for Higher Education in Administration and Management

2 Short Cycle Higher Education in the German Speaking Countries: Germany, Austria and Switzerland

3 How far are these countries in implementing SCHE? Not very far!!!

4 A Few Questions What is Higher Education? What is Tertiary Education? What is Post Secondary Education? Are they understood differently in different countries? What is Short Cycle Education?

5 Germany: HEI in figures 365 Institutions of Higher Education (HEI), recognised as such in the whole of Germany. 95 are private institutions 174 Universities 191 Fachhochschulen 40 Berufsakademien which are not recognised as HEI in all states. Countless institutions not recognised as HEI who offer programmes for students with University Entrance Qualifications (UEQ)

6 Characteristics of HEI Universities and Fachhochschulen Their main aim is to foster and develop sciences and arts through research, teaching, studying and further education The emphasis for Universities lies on academic research. Programmes usually lasted at least 10 semesters The emphasis for Fachhochschulen lies on applied research: Programmes usually lasted at least 8 semesters

7 Characteristics of HEI Berufsakademien Their main aim is to offer research related and at the same time practice related vocational education Students spend three months in the academy and three months in a company apprenticeship. BAs are not recognised as HEI in all federal countries.

8 Characteristics of HEI Private Institutions Their main aim is to offer practical, job-related education to students with UEQ. Their emphasis is more on teaching than on research If not recognised as U, FH or BA they are not recognised as HEI. Institutions applying for recognition/accreditation must go through a very bureaucratic and formalistic procedure to prove that their infrastructure follows the same aim as state HEI Procedure and recognition is very costly State legislature makes no difference between the infra structure needed for different degree levels: Bachelor, Master or not to dream of: short cycle!!

9 Situation of SCHE There is no officially recognised SCHE in Germany. State HEI offer no SC Programmes of which credits may be transfered Programmes in HEI are at least three years and lead to a Bachelor degree There are, however, a large number of Institutions (mainly private) who offer short cycle (2 year) programmes for students with UEQ. These institutions have for many years supplemented the programmes offered in HE

10 Short Cycle-Program Institutions Due to their practical, job-orientated infrastructure they are classified as schools (Schulen) and not as Hochschulen They offer both full- and part time education They offer adult further education The may not award first cycle degrees Strictly speaking they are not even allowed to allocate ECTS credits to their modules because these are only permitted to degree awarding institutions They are not allowed to issue a Diploma Supplement However, these schools would have the ideal infrastructure for TSC Education, if there was an accreditation process for TSC Education

11 Short cycle Programmes Entry Qualifications: UEQ (Abitur, Fachhochschulreife) Typical subject areas: business, medical therapies, social work, wellness, fashion, design, etc. Programmes are practice related, vocational, market orientated, innovative Credits are formally not transferable to first cycle education. However some HEI do accept credits, but on a basis of individual examination

12 Switzerland: HE in figures 10 Universities 7 Fachhochschul- Regions with 60 FHs 2 Technical Universities (Technische Hochschulen) 100 Höhere Fachschulen (HF): 70 Technical and 30 other

13 Tertiary Education Universities Academic Research and Teaching Fachhochschulen Teaching and Applied Research Teacher Training Institutes (Päd. HS) Higher vocational Education (Höhere Fachschulen (HF): 2-3 year programmes These in instances are a link between degree- and sub degree educaton

14 Tertiary Vocational Education Berufs- und höhere Fachprüfungen Höhere Fachschulen (HF) Subject areas: Technical, Catering and Hospitality, Tourism, Business, Administration, Building, Agriculture, Health Care,Chemistry, etc. etc.

15 SCHE vs. SCE Organised within universities, FHs and HF However, mainly at the HF as most SC Education is further professional specialisation focussing on employment. Switzerland - more than the other two countries - offers a pathway into HE for professionals with a eidgenossenschaftlichen Berufsattest/Fähigkeitszeugnis which allows them entry into further education leading them to a diploma or eidgenossen-schaftlichen Fachausweis. This is a HE Diploma, equivalent to a degree, but not a Bachelor

16 Situation of SCHE There is no officially recognised SCHE in Switzerland There is no official regulation for the transfer of credits

17 Tertiary Education Universities Fachhochschulen Akademien Subdegree Post secondary Austria: HEI

18 Characteristics of HEI on Tertiary Level Universities: to teach academic dispute (Auseinandersetzung mit der Wissenschaft) Fachhochschulen: to convey the ability to face/solve the problems of the specific profession on the basis of up-to-date scientific and practical knowledge Akademien: teacher-training,medicine, midwifery, music, military. Very practical and joborientated

19 Characteristics of HEI on Post Secondary Level Vocational Institutions Berufsbildende Höhere Schulen (BBS), leading to the Reifeand Diplomprüfung (RP) Evening BBS, for adults under employment Kolleg: for students from general secondary School who in 2 years can acquire the RP Add on course for graduates from apprenticeship system also leading to the RP Meisterschulen (one year programme for graduates from apprenticeship system)

20 Situation of SCHE There is no officially recognised SCHE in Austria There is no official regulation for the transfer of credits

21 Conclusion In all three countries there is a strinkt division between degree awarding and subdegree/non-degree awarding institutions Terms like HE, Tertiary, Post Secondary are interpreted differently. If alone within these countries there are differences in interpretations, how will it then be between all the countries in the EU?

22 Recommendation Before we discuss Tertiary Short Cycle Higher Education, we should find a common definition for all countries. QA processes, Quality Frameworks, accreditation procedures etc. should be defined differently for TSC Education That would help in promoting TSC within the Bologna Process

23 Thank you for your attention!! Do you have questions?