Cours. Client/serveur avancé en Java (servlets, RMI, etc.) M.M.F.A.I. François Bourdoncle

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1 Cours Système et Réseaux M.M.F.A.I. Client/serveur avancé en Java (servlets, RMI, etc.) François Bourdoncle bourdonc/ 1

2 Plan Servlets RMI Implémentation de RMI 2

3 Servlets Equivalent de scripts CGI Ecrits en Java Exécutés dans un serveur en Java Requêtes Plusieurs threads (défaut) Un seul thread (SingleThreadModel) Extension standard de Java (javax.servlet.*) Protocoles javax.servlet.servlet (interface) javax.servlet.genericservlet (générique) javax.servlet.http.httpservlet (HTTP) Accès partagé efficace à une base de données 3

4 Interface Servlet Initialisation void init(servletconfig config); Nouvelle requête void service(servletrequest req, ServletResponse res); Destruction void destroy(); Accès à l environnement ServletConfig getservletconfig(); String getservletinfo(); 4

5 Interface ServletRequest Paramètres de la requête Protocole (GET, POST, TRACE, etc.) Hôte distant Canal de lecture (POST, PUT) ServletInputStream getinputstream(); Paramètres de la requête getcontentlength (CGI = CONTENT LENGTH) getservername (CGI = SERVER NAME) getscheme (http, https, ftp, etc.) etc. 5

6 Interface ServletResponse Résultat de la requête Message au format MIME Définition du format (text/html, etc.) void setcontenttype(string type); Écriture du contenu ServletOutputStream getoutputstream(); PrintWriter getwriter(); Taille de la réponse void setcontentlength(int len); 6

7 Classe HttpServlet Méthodes spécifiques au protocole HTTP/1.1 Pas besoin de définir service ou destroy doget(httpservletrequest req, HttpServletResponse res); dopost(httpservletrequest req, HttpServletResponse res); doput(httpservletrequest req, HttpServletResponse res); dodelete(httpservletrequest req, HttpServletResponse res); dooptions(httpservletrequest req, HttpServletResponse res); dotrace(httpservletrequest req, HttpServletResponse res); 7

8 Interface HttpServletRequest Complète ServletRequest Méthodes supplémentaires Cookie[] getcookies(); String getheader(string name); String getmethod(); // GET, POST, PUT, etc. String getrequesturi(); etc. 8

9 Interface HttpServletResponse Complète ServletResponse Méthodes supplémentaires void addcookie(cookie cookie); void sendredirect(string location); void setheader(string name, String value); void senderror(int sc, String msg); etc. 9

10 Exemple (1/2) import java.io.*; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; public class EchoServlet extends HttpServlet { public void doget(httpservletrequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // Buffer pour écrire la réponse CharArrayWriter wr = new CharArrayWriter(); PrintWriter out = response.getwriter(); // Ecrire la réponse en mémoire wr.println("<html><body><h1>paramètres</h1><pre>"); wr.println("request method: "+request.getmethod()); wr.println("request URI: "+request.getrequesturi()); wr.println("request protocol: "+request.getprotocol()); wr.println("query string: "+request.getquerystring()); wr.println("content length: "+request.getcontentlength()); wr.println("content type: "+request.getcontenttype()); wr.println("remote user: "+request.getremoteuser()); wr.println("remote address: "+request.getremoteaddr()); wr.println("remote host: "+request.getremotehost()); wr.println("</pre></body></html>"); // Définir les champs (avant d envoyer le résultat) response.setcontenttype("text/html"); response.setcontentlength(wr.size()); // Envoyer wr.writeto(out); wr.flush(); out.close(); 10

11 Exemple (2/2) import java.io.*; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; // Affiche les couples paramètre/valeur d un FORM public class FormServlet extends HttpServlet { public void dopost(httpservletrequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // Buffer pour écrire la réponse CharArrayWriter wr = new CharArrayWriter(); PrintWriter out = response.getwriter(); // Ecrire la réponse en mémoire wr.println("<html><body><h1>paramètres</h1><pre>"); Enumeration values = request.getparameternames(); while (values.hasmoreelements()) { String name = (String) values.nextelement(); if (name.compareto("submit")!= 0) { String[] values = request.getparametervalues(name); for (int i = 0 ; i < values.length() ; ++i) { wr.println(name + "=" + values[i]); wr.println("</pre></body></html>"); // Définir les champs (avant d envoyer le résultat) response.setcontenttype("text/html"); response.setcontentlength(wr.size()); // Envoyer wr.writeto(out); wr.flush(); out.close(); 11

12 RMI (Remote Method Invocation) Serveur et client en Java Invocation de méthodes à distance Pas encore compatible avec CORBA Objets réseau = références Accès aux objets réseau par nom Accès aux objets réseau via des stubs Serveurs de nommage Interface partagée I étendant java.rmi.remote Classe implémentant I (serveur) Applet appelant la méthode I.m (client) 12

13 Interface partagée (Test.java) Le type des arguments doit être sérialisable. Les objet locaux sont copiés. Les objet distants sont passés par référence. package fr.ensmp; import java.rmi.*; public interface Test extends Remote { String test() throws RemoteException; 13

14 Implémentation (TestImpl.java) package fr.ensmp; import java.rmi.*; import java.rmi.server.*; public class TestImpl extends UnicastRemoteObject implements Test { private String name; public TestImpl(String s) throws RemoteException { // Exporter l objet distant, en étant prêt à // accepter des invocations distantes. super(); name = s; public String test(string s) throws RemoteException { return "<< " + s + ">>"; public static void main(string args[]) { // Installer un nouveau security manager System.setSecurityManager(new RMISecurityManager()); try { // Créer une (ou plusieurs) instance // de l objet distant TestImpl obj = new TestImpl("TestServer"); // Enregistrer l objet auprès du service // de nommage par défaut Naming.rebind("//moo/TestServer", obj); catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Error: " + e); e.printstacktrace(); 14

15 Client (TestApplet.java) package fr.ensmp; import java.awt.*; import java.rmi.*; public class TestApplet extends java.applet.applet { String answer = ""; public void init() { try { String host = getcodebase().gethost(); String url = "//" + host + "/TestServer"; Test obj = (Test) Naming.lookup(url); answer = obj.test("toto"); catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Error: " + e); e.printstacktrace(); public void paint(graphics g) { g.drawstring(answer, 25, 50); 15

16 Page HTML (test.html) <HTML> <TITLE>Test</TITLE> La réponse de l objet distant est : <p> <APPLET CODEBASE="../.." CODE="fr.ensmp.TestApplet" WIDTH=500 HEIGHT=120> </APPLET> </HTML> 16

17 Création des stubs Implémentation réseau transparente de l interface Test Retourné par Naming.lookup Compilation de Test.java TestImpl.java TestApplet.java Utilisation de rmic rmic fr.ensmp.testimpl --> TestImpl_Stub.class (client) --> TestImpl_Skel.class (serveur) 17

18 Mise en place Installer les classes cp *.class /public_html/rmi/fr/ensmp/ Installer le html cp *.html /public_html/rmi/fr/ensmp/ Démarrer le service de nommage (port 1099) rmiregistry & rmiregistry 2001 & Redémarrer le service si les classes sont modifiées Démarrer le serveur java -Djava.rmi.server.codebase=\ " bourdonc/rmi/" fr.ensmp.testimpl Lancer l applet bourdonc/rmi/fr/ensmp/test.html 18

19 Implémentation de RMI Objet sérialisables Envoi d une copie de l objet sur le réseau Envoi de l instance elle-même (sérialisation) Chargement éventuel du code (à la main) Chargeur/serveur de classe réseau Exécution de ses méthodes à distances (réflexion) 19

20 Chargeur de classe class NetworkClassLoader extends ClassLoader { String host; int port; Hashtable cache = new Hashtable(); NetworkClassLoader(String host, int port) { this.host = host; this.port = port; public synchronized Class loadclass(string name, boolean resolve) throws ClassNotFoundException { Class cl; byte bytes[]; if ((cl = (Class) cache.get(name))!= null) { return cl; try { return super.findsystemclass(name); catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { try { Socket s = new Socket(host, port); ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(s.getInputStream()); ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(s.getOutputStream()); oos.writeobject(name); oos.flush(); bytes = (byte[]) ois.readobject(); cl = defineclass(bytes, 0, bytes.length); if (cl == null) { throw new ClassFormatError(); catch (Exception e) { throw new ClassNotFoundException(); if (resolve) { resolveclass(cl); cache.put(name, cl); return cl; 20

21 Serveur de classes class ClassServer { static final String repository = "..."; public static void main(string args[]) { try { int port = Integer.parseInt(args[0]); ServerSocket s = new ServerSocket(port); for (;;) { Socket c = s.accept(); ObjectOutputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(c.getInputStream()); ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(c.getOutputStream()); try { String name = (String) in.readobject(); File file= new File(repository, name + ".class"); FileInputStream fi = new FileInputStream(file); int available = fi.available(); byte bytes[] = new byte[available]; if (fi.read(bytes) == available) { oos.writeobject(bytes); catch (Exception e) { oos.close(); ois.close(); c.close(); catch (Exception e) { System.err.println("Error: " + e); System.exit(1); 21

22 Exécution sur le serveur class NetworkInputStream extends ObjectInputStream { private ClassLoader loader = null; NetworkInputStream(ClassLoader loader, InputStream is) throws IOException, StreamCorruptedException { super(is); this.loader = loader; protected Class resolveclass(objectstreamclass v) { try { return loader.loadclass(v.getname()); catch (Exception e) { return null; public class RmiServer {... // Exécute la méthode "exec" de l objet lu sur "is" public void execute(inputstream is) { try { NetworkClassLoader ncl = new NetworkClassLoader("moo", 8001); NetworkInputStream nis = new NetworkInputStream(ncl, is); // On lit l objet, en chargeant les classes a la volée Object obj = nis.readobject(); // On obtient la class de l objet Class c = obj.getclass(); // On recupère et on invoque la méthode "void exec()" Method m = c.getdeclaredmethod("exec", new Class[0]); m.invoke(obj, new Object[0]); catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Error: " + e); 22

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