Design and Construction of a Spaghetti Bridge. Michael Karweit Department of Chemical Engineering Johns Hopkins University
|
|
- Jewel O’Neal’
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Design and Construction of a Spaghetti Bridge Michael Karweit Department of Chemical Engineering Johns Hopkins University
2 Why build a spaghetti bridge? 1) To take math and science out of the textbook and into a project involving design, planning, and construction. 2) Because the process is instructive and fun, and it exemplifies the difficulties of putting theory into practice. Math and science? Now I m worried. What kind of math and science? In principle, you can build a bridge without math and science. But if you want to build one that can carry a maximum load, then you need to understand the material properties of spaghetti, the theory of beams, and the physics of canceling forces (statics).
3 Why spaghetti? Why not toothpicks or balsa wood? Spaghetti is very unforgiving. Design is much more important in a spaghetti bridge than a toothpick one. Spaghetti is also available in a nice form for construction--long cylindrical rods. And, one can t complain about the cost... So, what s the project goal? To build a bridge out of only spaghetti and glue that spans a 50 cm, weighs no more than 250 gms, and supports the heaviest load suspended from the center of the span. The bridge is to be supported only by horizontal surfaces at each end.
4 Some properties of spaghetti (dry) 1. Ultimate tensile strength ~2000 psi 2. Stiffness (Young s modulus) E ~10,000,000 psi (E=stress/strain) For comparison, cast aluminum (wet or dry): 1. Ultimate tensile strength ~10,000psi 2. Stiffness E~10,000,000psi
5 Glues: 1) White glue: Not good. Since it s water based, the spaghetti is softened by the glue. Glue joints take forever to dry. Once dry, joints are not very strong. 2) Model airplane glue: So so. Dries relatively quickly but is slightly flexible when dry. Glue joints should be rigid. 3) Hot-melt plastics (glue guns): Easiest to use, but joints far too flexible. 4) Epoxy: Best solution--especially the 5 minute kind. Creates rigid joints. Is messy. Requires careful mixing.
6 Using 5-minute epoxy: 1) Purchase variety in two separate tubes with nozzle tips. (Double plunger varieties are too wasteful.) 2) Mix epoxy and make glue joints on wax paper. Epoxy releases from wax paper fairly readily. 3) Mix very small batches--enough for maybe 5 glue joints. 4) Proportions are very important Too far away from this ratio and epoxy will never harden. Many bridges fail because of unhardened joints.
7 Using 5-minute epoxy (continued): 5) Squeeze same-size circular blobs of epoxy and hardener onto wax paper. Look to see that they re of similar height. (You re interested in equal volumes of epoxy and hardener). Mix together with a matchstick. Dime-size blobs yield enough epoxy for 6 or so joints. 6) Lacquer thinner (nail polisher remover) is good for cleaning up uncured epoxy from surfaces and fingers.
8 Beams and loads--tension: Beam under tension Failure occurs when ultimate tensile strength is exceeded. Maximum load is tensile strength times cross-sectional area. For regular spaghetti (diameter = 2mm), maximum load is ~ 10 pounds. Load capacity does not depend on length.
9 Beams and loads--compression: d L Beam in compression Failure occurs two ways: 1) When L/d < 10, failure is by crushing 2) When L/d > 10, failure is by buckling We are almost always concerned with failure by buckling.
10 Beams and loads--compressive buckling: Buckling strength F =k d 4 /L 2 To determine constant of proportionality k: 1) measure length and diameter of a piece of spaghetti 2) hold spaghetti vertically on postal scale 3) press down on spaghetti until it begins to bend 4) read load F on postal scale 5) calculate k
11 Some consequences of buckling properties: If a beam of length L and diameter d can support a compressive load of F, F d then a beam of length L/2 and diameter d can support a compressive load of 4F. 4F L d L/2
12 and a beam of length L and diameter 2d can support a compressive load of 16F. 16F 2d L Bigger beams can be fabricated out of smaller beams, as in a truss. The fabricated beam will have the same buckling strength as a solid beam, provided the buckling/tension strengths of the component beams are not exceeded.
13 Beams and loads--bending: Very little strength. Never design a structure that relies on bending strength to support a load.
14 Statics: ) At each joint or node: Fx, Fy, Fz 2) Joints are assumed to carry no bending loads; therefore all forces are compression or tension and lie in the directions of the beams. y -F x F/2 F/2
15 Use Bridge Designer to calculate loads:
16 Design and construction ideas: 1) Triangles are a construction engineer s best friend, i.e. there are no bending moments in triangular elements. Good design Bad design (truss strength depends on bending strengths of members)
17 Design and construction ideas (cont.): 2) Taller is better: note loads on these two structures.
18 Design and construction ideas (cont.): 3) Don t forget about the 3rd dimension. A good design in the x-y plane, may be a terrible one in the z-direction. 4) Recall: tension members do not need to be fabricated as trusses. Their strength depends only on cross- sectional area. 5) Plan the total bridge design. Estimate the weight of each of the components, so that you will not exceed the weight limit. 6) Make a full-size pattern of your bridge. Build the bridge on this pattern. This will ensure that all components will assemble properly.
19 Design and construction ideas (cont.): 7) If a number of strands of spaghetti are to be used together as a. single member, do not glue their entire lengths. Spot glue them at intervals of about 1. This will provide adequate strength without adding excessive weight. 8) For economy of time, joints should be overlaid not butted. Butt joints require careful sizing. Overlaid joints do not. Excess material may be cut off after assembly. Butt joints Overlaid joints
20 Which is the better design and why (cont.)? a) b) a) b)
21 Which is the better design and why? a) b) a) b)
22 Bridge Schematic: Total Weight < 250gms. > 5cm. < 2mm. Bridge Decking Loading Platform and U-bolt < 25 cm < 5cm 50 cm Load
Introduction. The Contest. The challenge can be stated quite simply.
Introduction As you may be aware, the year s TechnoChallenge includes a popsicle stick bridge building contest. This is a fun and easy event to run in your classroom, and it connects to well to the science
More informationIntroduction to Beam. Area Moments of Inertia, Deflection, and Volumes of Beams
Introduction to Beam Theory Area Moments of Inertia, Deflection, and Volumes of Beams Horizontal structural member used to support horizontal loads such as floors, roofs, and decks. Types of beam loads
More informationTopSky DLG Installation Manual
TopSky DLG Installation Manual Attention: Because after the compound materials solidify, there will be ammonia iris on the surface, which affect the bonding strength afterwards. Please polish with sandpaper
More informationDesign of Steel Structures Prof. S.R.Satish Kumar and Prof. A.R.Santha Kumar. Fig. 7.21 some of the trusses that are used in steel bridges
7.7 Truss bridges Fig. 7.21 some of the trusses that are used in steel bridges Truss Girders, lattice girders or open web girders are efficient and economical structural systems, since the members experience
More informationSolid Mechanics. Stress. What you ll learn: Motivation
Solid Mechanics Stress What you ll learn: What is stress? Why stress is important? What are normal and shear stresses? What is strain? Hooke s law (relationship between stress and strain) Stress strain
More informationOptimum proportions for the design of suspension bridge
Journal of Civil Engineering (IEB), 34 (1) (26) 1-14 Optimum proportions for the design of suspension bridge Tanvir Manzur and Alamgir Habib Department of Civil Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering
More informationActivity 2.3b Engineering Problem Solving Answer Key
Activity.3b Engineering roblem Solving Answer Key 1. A force of 00 lbs pushes against a rectangular plate that is 1 ft. by ft. Determine the lb lb pressure in and that the plate exerts on the ground due
More informationTorsion Tests. Subjects of interest
Chapter 10 Torsion Tests Subjects of interest Introduction/Objectives Mechanical properties in torsion Torsional stresses for large plastic strains Type of torsion failures Torsion test vs.tension test
More informationProperty of the Salvadori Center ~ not for reproduction
Outline Salvadori After-School: Skyscrapers In this 12-week module, students identify the characteristics that make skyscrapers unique. They learn how columns and beams work together to support tall structures;
More informationCommonwealth of Pennsylvania PA Test Method No. 632 Department of Transportation October 2013 5 Pages LABORATORY TESTING SECTION. Method of Test for
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania PA Test Method No. 632 Department of Transportation 5 Pages LABORATORY TESTING SECTION Method of Test for TIME OF SETTING OF CONCRETE MIXTURES BY PENETRATION RESISTANCE 1.
More informationDrexel-SDP GK-12 ACTIVITY
Toothpick Bridges Subject Area(s): Math, Physics, Engineering Associated Unit: None Grade Level 6 (6-10) Activity Dependency: None Drexel-SDP GK-12 ACTIVITY Time Required: 65-165 minutes (Note: 1 30 minute
More informationFREEBIRD THE ORIGINAL D.I.Y. ORNITHOPTER! Tools and Glue. Required Materials
Do not try to make your ornithopter using "household materials". If you want it to fly, you have to build it right. FREEBIRD THE ORIGINAL D.I.Y. ORNITHOPTER! Wingspan: 16 inches Weight: 1/4 ounce The Ornithopter
More information2.0 External and Internal Forces act on structures
2.0 External and Internal Forces act on structures 2.1 Measuring Forces A force is a push or pull that tends to cause an object to change its movement or shape. Magnitude, Direction, and Location The actual
More informationEFFECTS ON NUMBER OF CABLES FOR MODAL ANALYSIS OF CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES
EFFECTS ON NUMBER OF CABLES FOR MODAL ANALYSIS OF CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES Yang-Cheng Wang Associate Professor & Chairman Department of Civil Engineering Chinese Military Academy Feng-Shan 83000,Taiwan Republic
More informationHow To Build A 3D Model From Scratch
SERVICES AND CAPABILITIES 1. Rapid prototyping What is rapid prototyping? Rapid prototyping (RP) or more recently Free Form Fabrication refers to the fabrication of a physical, three-dimensional part of
More informationCollapse of Underground Storm Water Detention System
Collapse of Underground Storm Water Detention System No. 16 March 2008 Shopping malls have large roof areas and large paved areas for parking. In many cases, during heavy rainfall, the drainage from these
More informationStandard Test Procedures Manual
STP 206-4 Standard Test Procedures Manual Section: 1. SCOPE 1.1. Description of Test This method describes the procedure for determining the liquid limit, plastic limit and the plasticity index of coarse-grained
More informationLab 1 Concrete Proportioning, Mixing, and Testing
Lab 1 Concrete Proportioning, Mixing, and Testing Supplemental Lab manual Objectives Concepts Background Experimental Procedure Report Requirements Discussion Prepared By Mutlu Ozer Objectives Students
More informationCHAPTER 29 VOLUMES AND SURFACE AREAS OF COMMON SOLIDS
CHAPTER 9 VOLUMES AND SURFACE AREAS OF COMMON EXERCISE 14 Page 9 SOLIDS 1. Change a volume of 1 00 000 cm to cubic metres. 1m = 10 cm or 1cm = 10 6m 6 Hence, 1 00 000 cm = 1 00 000 10 6m = 1. m. Change
More informationLessons 6 and 7 Foam Bridge Experiment- Forces and Stresses Lab
Lessons 6 and 7 Foam Bridge Experiment- Forces and Stresses Lab 1. Background All industrial and building materials undergo forces that they must withstand to function as designed. Concrete is strong under
More informationINTRODUCTION TO BEAMS
CHAPTER Structural Steel Design LRFD Method INTRODUCTION TO BEAMS Third Edition A. J. Clark School of Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Part II Structural Steel Design and Analysis
More informationDesign of Bridges. Introduction. 3 rd to 4 th July 2012. Lecture for SPIN Training at the University of Dar es Salaam
Design of Bridges Introduction 3 rd to 4 th July 2012 1 FUNCTION OF A BRIDGE To connect two communities which are separated by streams, river, valley, or gorge, etc. 2 EVOLUTION OF BRIDGES 1. Log Bridge
More informationTechnical Notes 3B - Brick Masonry Section Properties May 1993
Technical Notes 3B - Brick Masonry Section Properties May 1993 Abstract: This Technical Notes is a design aid for the Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures (ACI 530/ASCE 5/TMS 402-92) and Specifications
More informationStresses in Beam (Basic Topics)
Chapter 5 Stresses in Beam (Basic Topics) 5.1 Introduction Beam : loads acting transversely to the longitudinal axis the loads create shear forces and bending moments, stresses and strains due to V and
More informationSEISMIC DESIGN. Various building codes consider the following categories for the analysis and design for earthquake loading:
SEISMIC DESIGN Various building codes consider the following categories for the analysis and design for earthquake loading: 1. Seismic Performance Category (SPC), varies from A to E, depending on how the
More informationTABLE TENNIS SINGLES RULES
TABLE TENNIS SINGLES RULES Table Tennis Singles Rules 1) Elimination Tournament. 2) One player per team. 3) Play best of 3 games. Games to 21, unless ties at 20. In that case, alternate service and must
More informationNonlinear analysis and form-finding in GSA Training Course
Nonlinear analysis and form-finding in GSA Training Course Non-linear analysis and form-finding in GSA 1 of 47 Oasys Ltd Non-linear analysis and form-finding in GSA 2 of 47 Using the GSA GsRelax Solver
More informationApproximate Analysis of Statically Indeterminate Structures
Approximate Analysis of Statically Indeterminate Structures Every successful structure must be capable of reaching stable equilibrium under its applied loads, regardless of structural behavior. Exact analysis
More informationPC-Concrete Injectable Concrete Anchoring and Repair System
PC-Concrete Injectable Concrete Anchoring and Repair System DESCRIPTION: PC-Concrete is a two component (1:1 ratio), 100% solids, high modulus, structural epoxy paste. PC-Concrete is a solvent free, no
More informationLunette 2 Series. Curved Fixed Frame Projection Screen. User s Guide
Lunette 2 Series Curved Fixed Frame Projection Screen User s Guide Important Safety and Warning Precautions Please follow these instructions carefully to ensure proper maintenance and safety with your
More informationThe Basics of FEA Procedure
CHAPTER 2 The Basics of FEA Procedure 2.1 Introduction This chapter discusses the spring element, especially for the purpose of introducing various concepts involved in use of the FEA technique. A spring
More information- Optional Polyurethane for top coat. - Weights (bricks or heavy stones)
How to Build & Race a Cardboard Boat A Photo Journal The Supplies - Corrugated Cardboard - Quick Dry Caulking (latex) - Elmer s Wood Glue - Paint & Brush/Roller (Outdoor Paint) - Duct Tape - Optional Polyurethane
More informationThe Bending Strength of Pasta
The Bending Strength of Pasta 1.105 Lab #1 Louis L. Bucciarelli 9 September, 2003 Lab Partners: [Name1] [Name2] Data File: Tgroup3.txt On the cover page, include your name, the names of your lab partners,
More informationMILMAN & ASSOCIATES STRUCTURAL CONSULTING ENGINEERS/ PROJECT MANAGERS
MILMAN & ASSOCIATES STRUCTURAL CONSULTING ENGINEERS/ PROJECT MANAGERS May 29, 2013 Revision B Structural Guideline for Design and Installation Holes in Composite Floor Slab Terminal 3, Departure Level
More informationStatics problem solving strategies, hints and tricks
Statics problem solving strategies, hints and tricks Contents 1 Solving a problem in 7 steps 3 1.1 To read.............................................. 3 1.2 To draw..............................................
More informationFLOORS REINFORCEMENT Shear Stud Connector for steel- concrete composite structures cold applied by pins
www.tecnaria.com FLOORS REINFORCEMENT Shear Stud Connector for steel concrete composite structures cold applied by pins HIGHPERFORMANCE FLOORS COMPOSITE STEEL AND CONCRETE STRUCTURES: STATIC AND ECONOMIC
More informationME349 Engineering Design Projects
ME349 Engineering Design Projects Introduction to Materials Selection The Material Selection Problem Design of an engineering component involves three interrelated problems: (i) selecting a material, (ii)
More information2 THE LAWS OF TABLE TENNIS
2 THE LAWS OF TABLE TENNIS 2.1 THE TABLE 2.1.1 The upper surface of the table, known as the playing surface, shall be rectangular, 2.74m long and 1.525m wide, and shall lie in a horizontal plane 76cm above
More informationThe elements used in commercial codes can be classified in two basic categories:
CHAPTER 3 Truss Element 3.1 Introduction The single most important concept in understanding FEA, is the basic understanding of various finite elements that we employ in an analysis. Elements are used for
More informationCalibration and Use of a Strain-Gage-Instrumented Beam: Density Determination and Weight-Flow-Rate Measurement
Chapter 2 Calibration and Use of a Strain-Gage-Instrumented Beam: Density Determination and Weight-Flow-Rate Measurement 2.1 Introduction and Objectives This laboratory exercise involves the static calibration
More informationRobert H. White, Research Wood Scientist, U.S. Forest Products Lab., Madison, WI, USA, rhwhite@fs.fed.us Brian Kukay, Associate Professor of General
Robert H. White, Research Wood Scientist, U.S. Forest Products Lab., Madison, WI, USA, rhwhite@fs.fed.us Brian Kukay, Associate Professor of General Engineering, Montana Tech of the University of Montana,
More informationSTRESS AND DEFORMATION ANALYSIS OF LINEAR ELASTIC BARS IN TENSION
Chapter 11 STRESS AND DEFORMATION ANALYSIS OF LINEAR ELASTIC BARS IN TENSION Figure 11.1: In Chapter10, the equilibrium, kinematic and constitutive equations for a general three-dimensional solid deformable
More informationPVC PIPE PERFORMANCE FACTORS
PVC PIPE PERFORMANCE FACTORS PVC pipe, like all flexible pipe products, is very dependent on the surrounding soil for its structural capacity, in addition, the pipe material must have sufficient inherent
More informationGENERAL RUBBER LINING PRINCIPLES
GENERAL RUBBER LINING PRINCIPLES I. METAL PREREQUISITES Metal to be lined should meet the requirements as stated in section 8 Metal Fabrication and section 12 Blasting and Cementing Procedures. The surface
More informationDetailing of Reinforcment in Concrete Structures
Chapter 8 Detailing of Reinforcment in Concrete Structures 8.1 Scope Provisions of Sec. 8.1 and 8.2 of Chapter 8 shall apply for detailing of reinforcement in reinforced concrete members, in general. For
More informationLab 8: Ballistic Pendulum
Lab 8: Ballistic Pendulum Equipment: Ballistic pendulum apparatus, 2 meter ruler, 30 cm ruler, blank paper, carbon paper, masking tape, scale. Caution In this experiment a steel ball is projected horizontally
More informationA complete guide to... DECOUPAGE
A complete guide to... DECOUPAGE What is decoupage Creating decoupage Types of decoupage Decoupage basics Essential tools Advanced techniques A complete guide to... DECOUPAGE What is decoupage? 3D decoupage
More information1997 Uniform Administrative Code Amendment for Earthen Material and Straw Bale Structures Tucson/Pima County, Arizona
for Earthen Material and Straw Bale Structures SECTION 70 - GENERAL "APPENDIX CHAPTER 7 - EARTHEN MATERIAL STRUCTURES 70. Purpose. The purpose of this chapter is to establish minimum standards of safety
More informationStatics of Structural Supports
Statics of Structural Supports TYPES OF FORCES External Forces actions of other bodies on the structure under consideration. Internal Forces forces and couples exerted on a member or portion of the structure
More informationWeight Measurement Technology
Kistler-Morse (KM) introduced bolt-on weight measuring systems three decades ago. These devices featured Walter Kistler s invention, the Microcell. Over the years, many improvements were made to the Microcell
More informationDTU Animal Cart Programme
DTU Animal Cart Programme TECHNICAL 21 RELEASE PIPE AND ROLLER DONKEY CART AXLES Development Technology Unit, Department of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK, tel: +44 (0)1203 523523
More informationStress Strain Relationships
Stress Strain Relationships Tensile Testing One basic ingredient in the study of the mechanics of deformable bodies is the resistive properties of materials. These properties relate the stresses to the
More informationPERMEABILITY TEST. To determine the coefficient of permeability of a soil using constant head method.
PERMEABILITY TEST A. CONSTANT HEAD OBJECTIVE To determine the coefficient of permeability of a soil using constant head method. need and Scope The knowledge of this property is much useful in solving problems
More informationStick Together. 3 6 th grade and 3 7 th /8 th grade TEAMS PER CENTER
Stick Together MESA DAY CONTEST RULES 2015 2016 LEVEL: Grades 6-8 TYPE OF CONTEST: COMPOSITION OF TEAMS: NUMBER OF TEAMS: SPONSOR: Team 1-2 students per team 3 6 th grade and 3 7 th /8 th grade TEAMS PER
More informationBending, Forming and Flexing Printed Circuits
Bending, Forming and Flexing Printed Circuits John Coonrod Rogers Corporation Introduction: In the printed circuit board industry there are generally two main types of circuit boards; there are rigid printed
More informationAfter reading this lesson you will be able to: 12.3 IMPORTANCE OF ROOF 12.4 TYPES OF ROOF IN A HOUSE
86 :: Certificate in Construction Supervision (CIVIL) 12 ROOF 12.1 INTRODUCTION The structure provided to cover the house surface (floor) is known as roof. For different situation and requirement, it is
More information-To discuss the technical and social implications of the design and construction of bridges
bridge A structure spanning and providing passage over a gap or barrier Building Bridges Unit 5 Project Student Objectives -To discuss the technical and social implications of the design and construction
More information2.75 6.525 Problem Set 1 Solutions to ME problems Fall 2013
2.75 6.525 Problem Set 1 Solutions to ME problems Fall 2013 2. Pinned Joint problem Jacob Bayless a) Draw a free-body diagram for the pin. How is it loaded? Does the loading depend on whether the pin is
More informationUnderwater Tablet Enclosure Final Report by Miguel de Villa
Underwater Tablet Enclosure Final Report by Miguel de Villa Abstract: The underwater tablet enclosure is a device used to maximize the protection and survivability of a tablet underwater without losing
More informationTutorial for Assignment #2 Gantry Crane Analysis By ANSYS (Mechanical APDL) V.13.0
Tutorial for Assignment #2 Gantry Crane Analysis By ANSYS (Mechanical APDL) V.13.0 1 Problem Description Design a gantry crane meeting the geometry presented in Figure 1 on page #325 of the course textbook
More informationThe Mechanics of Arrow Flight upon Release
The Mechanics of Arrow Flight upon Release Lieu, D.K. University of California, Berkeley Kim, Jinho and Kim, Ki Chan Korea National Sport University, Seoul Abstract The dynamic behavior of arrows upon
More informationCourse in. Nonlinear FEM
Course in Introduction Outline Lecture 1 Introduction Lecture 2 Geometric nonlinearity Lecture 3 Material nonlinearity Lecture 4 Material nonlinearity continued Lecture 5 Geometric nonlinearity revisited
More informationDiameter. Swift Lift Round Recess Plug. Note: The diameter of the narrow recess plug is the same as the diameter of the round recess plug.
P-5 The P-5 is hot forged from carbon steel. The formed head provis spherical seating that the Lifting Eye engages, while a disc-shaped foot is embedd in the concrete. Due to its being a forged part, the
More informationRepairing the Seam of the WaterRower Tank
Repairing the Seam of the WaterRower Tank The following instructions are for repairing a WaterRower that is leaking water around the seam, the 1 overlap between the top and bottom halves of the tank. While
More informationCHAPTER 9 LONG TERM MONITORING AT THE ROUTE 351 BRIDGE
CHAPTER 9 LONG TERM MONITORING AT THE ROUTE 351 BRIDGE 9.1 INTRODUCTION An important reason that composite piles have not gained wide acceptance in the civil engineering practice is the lack of a long
More informationSpecifications, Product Testing and Terminology
Specifications, Product Testing and Terminology The following synopsis provides a review of various material and final product testing, which is performed on our products, as well as, many of our competitors.
More information3M Scotch-Weld EPX Two-component structural adhesives and applicator guns
M Scotch-Weld EPX Two-component structural adhesives and applicator guns Innovation What is a structural adhesive? M s high-strength structural adhesives are fundamentally load-bearing formulations. Bond
More informationFORM DESIGN. easy to work with, and generally available.
Forms play a major role in concrete construction. They give the plastic concrete its shape and hold it until it hardens. Forms protect the concrete, assist in curing it, and support any reinforcing rods
More informationForce measurement. Forces VECTORIAL ISSUES ACTION ET RÉACTION ISOSTATISM
Force measurement Forces VECTORIAL ISSUES In classical mechanics, a force is defined as "an action capable of modifying the quantity of movement of a material point". Therefore, a force has the attributes
More informationPonti pedonali con una struttura di pannelli di tavole accostate Brettstapel
14. Internationales Holzbau-Forum 08 Stress-laminated arch construction for footbridges A. Kermani/Dr. G. Freedman 1 Fussgängerbrücken in Brettstapelbauweise Stress-laminated arch construction for footbridges
More informationSheet metal operations - Bending and related processes
Sheet metal operations - Bending and related processes R. Chandramouli Associate Dean-Research SASTRA University, Thanjavur-613 401 Table of Contents 1.Quiz-Key... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.Bending
More informationREINFORCED CONCRETE. Reinforced Concrete Design. A Fundamental Approach - Fifth Edition. Walls are generally used to provide lateral support for:
HANDOUT REINFORCED CONCRETE Reinforced Concrete Design A Fundamental Approach - Fifth Edition RETAINING WALLS Fifth Edition A. J. Clark School of Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
More informationField Damage Inspection and Static Load Test Analysis of Jiamusi Highway Prestressed Concrete Bridge in China
Advanced Materials Research Vols. 163-167 (2011) pp 1147-1156 Online available since 2010/Dec/06 at www.scientific.net (2011) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.1147
More informationStructural Failures Cost Lives and Time
Structural Failures Cost Lives and Time Recent failures of storage bins, silos and other structures highlight the need to increase awareness of hazards associated with these structures. Since 2010, one
More informationEMR project Overview
EMR project Overview MICE Collaboration Meeting RAL, May 31, June 3-2009 1. 1. EMR EMR conceptual design design 2. 2. Mechanical envelope 3. 3. Pending issues issues & outlook outlook University of Geneva:
More informationPRESTRESSED CONCRETE. Introduction REINFORCED CONCRETE CHAPTER SPRING 2004. Reinforced Concrete Design. Fifth Edition. By Dr. Ibrahim.
CHAPTER REINFORCED CONCRETE Reinforced Concrete Design A Fundamental Approach - Fifth Edition Fifth Edition PRESTRESSED CONCRETE A. J. Clark School of Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental
More informationME 305 Fluid Mechanics I. Part 8 Viscous Flow in Pipes and Ducts
ME 305 Fluid Mechanics I Part 8 Viscous Flow in Pipes and Ducts These presentations are prepared by Dr. Cüneyt Sert Mechanical Engineering Department Middle East Technical University Ankara, Turkey csert@metu.edu.tr
More informationWPI Rapid Prototype Guidelines --Read entire document before submitting an order--
WPI Rapid Prototype Guidelines --Read entire document before submitting an order-- It will be assumed that you have read these guidelines. If you do not follow the guidelines during submission, you will
More informationINDIAN STANDARDS (BIS) ON WELDING
** IS 82:957 Glossary of terms relating to welding and cutting of Sep 2008 metals 2 IS 83:986 Scheme of symbols for welding (revised) Sep 2008 3 IS 84:2004 Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding
More informationThermal Stress & Strain. 07 Thermal Stress and Strain Copyright G G Schierle, 2001-05 press Esc to end, for next, for previous slide 3
Thermal Stress & Strain 07 Thermal Stress and Strain Copyright G G Schierle, 2001-05 press Esc to end, for next, for previous slide 3 Thermal Stress & Strain 07 Thermal Stress and Strain Copyright G G
More informationLABORATORY DETERMINATION OF CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO
LABORATORY DETERMINATION OF CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO STANDARD IS: 2720 (Part 16) 1979. DEFINITION California bearing ratio is the ratio of force per unit area required to penetrate in to a soil mass with
More informationFigure 3. Pressure taps distribution around the bus model (64 pressure taps)
Figure1. Double deck bus into the wind tunnel The aerodynamic balance, built by the authors according Tusche [11], is based on strain gage type cells arranged as a double Wheatstone bridge acquiring simultaneously
More informationPermanent Magnetic Generator Construction Manual
Permanent Magnetic Generator Construction Manual http://hojomotor.com Our Team Doing an On-site Assembly in Peru http://hojomotor.com Section 1) Introduction This manual describes how to build a 'permanent
More informationFOOTING DESIGN EXAMPLE
County: Any Design: BRG Date: 10/007 Hwy: Any Ck Dsn: BRG Date: 10/007 FOOTING DESIGN EXAMPLE Design: Based on AASHTO LRFD 007 Specifications, TxDOT LRFD Bridge Design Manual, and TxDOT Project 0-4371
More informationRECITATION NOTES FOR EXPERIMENT # 5 A&B THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
RECITATION NOTES FOR EXPERIMENT # 5 A&B THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY Have your lab textbook available for quick reference to specific pages, indicated in red. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHROMATOGRAPHY Chromatography
More informationStatically Indeterminate Structure. : More unknowns than equations: Statically Indeterminate
Statically Indeterminate Structure : More unknowns than equations: Statically Indeterminate 1 Plane Truss :: Determinacy No. of unknown reactions = 3 No. of equilibrium equations = 3 : Statically Determinate
More informationCHAPTER 7 DISLOCATIONS AND STRENGTHENING MECHANISMS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
7-1 CHAPTER 7 DISLOCATIONS AND STRENGTHENING MECHANISMS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS Basic Concepts of Dislocations Characteristics of Dislocations 7.1 The dislocation density is just the total dislocation length
More informationOptimising plate girder design
Optimising plate girder design NSCC29 R. Abspoel 1 1 Division of structural engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands ABSTRACT: In the design of steel plate girders a high degree
More informationEDEXCEL NATIONAL CERTIFICATE/DIPLOMA MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES OUTCOME 2 ENGINEERING COMPONENTS TUTORIAL 1 STRUCTURAL MEMBERS
ENGINEERING COMPONENTS EDEXCEL NATIONAL CERTIFICATE/DIPLOMA MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES OUTCOME ENGINEERING COMPONENTS TUTORIAL 1 STRUCTURAL MEMBERS Structural members: struts and ties; direct stress and strain,
More informationRoof Rehab (Roof truss) Classroom Activity
Roof Rehab (Roof truss) Classroom Activity The Classroom Activity introduces students to the context of a performance task, so they are not disadvantaged in demonstrating the skills the task intends to
More information1300 West Bartlett Road Elgin, Illinois 60120-7529 Phone: (847) 741-5370 Fax: (847) 622-7077. SUBJECT: Pelican NP and NS Cab Glass Replacement
SERVICE BULLETIN Subsidiary of Federal Signal Corporation 1300 West Bartlett Road Elgin, Illinois 60120-7529 Phone: (847) 741-5370 Fax: (847) 622-7077 DATE: 08/07/2007 NUMBER: 0703146 SUBJECT: Pelican
More informationMidterm Solutions. mvr = ω f (I wheel + I bullet ) = ω f 2 MR2 + mr 2 ) ω f = v R. 1 + M 2m
Midterm Solutions I) A bullet of mass m moving at horizontal velocity v strikes and sticks to the rim of a wheel a solid disc) of mass M, radius R, anchored at its center but free to rotate i) Which of
More informationChapter 1: Statics. A) Newtonian Mechanics B) Relativistic Mechanics
Chapter 1: Statics 1. The subject of mechanics deals with what happens to a body when is / are applied to it. A) magnetic field B) heat C ) forces D) neutrons E) lasers 2. still remains the basis of most
More informationCardboard Boat Basics
Heber Springs Area Chamber of Commerce What Floats Your Boat Cardboard Boat Basics 1 Construction Rules (Equal Opportunity) The ENTIRE BOAT must be built of CARDBOARD Only exceptions are the paddles &
More informationPHY121 #8 Midterm I 3.06.2013
PHY11 #8 Midterm I 3.06.013 AP Physics- Newton s Laws AP Exam Multiple Choice Questions #1 #4 1. When the frictionless system shown above is accelerated by an applied force of magnitude F, the tension
More informationMechanical Properties of Metals Mechanical Properties refers to the behavior of material when external forces are applied
Mechanical Properties of Metals Mechanical Properties refers to the behavior of material when external forces are applied Stress and strain fracture or engineering point of view: allows to predict the
More informationMECHANICS OF SOLIDS - BEAMS TUTORIAL 2 SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENTS IN BEAMS
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS - BEAMS TUTORIAL 2 SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENTS IN BEAMS This is the second tutorial on bending of beams. You should judge your progress by completing the self assessment exercises.
More information4 Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA)
172 4 Thermomechanical Analysis 4 Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA) 4.1 Principles of TMA 4.1.1 Introduction A dilatometer is used to determine the linear thermal expansion of a solid as a function of temperature.
More informationFall Protection Guidelines
OCT 2015 1 of 6 Fall Protection Guidelines 1.0 PURPOSE To establish the requirements and procedures to protect employees and other persons conducting work from hazards associated with falling from one
More information