IPM is like a Green KISS for your Garden. Adria Bordas Fairfax County-VCE

Transcription

1 IPM is like a Green KISS for your Garden Adria Bordas Fairfax County-VCE

2 Its NOT easy being GREEN

3 Integrated Pest Management = IPM Combines all appropriate tactics into a single, unified plan to reduce pests and their damage to an acceptable level. Monitor pest populations and keep careful records. Plan ahead and choose from a variety of control tactics

4 IPM- 4 E Z Steps Set Action Thresholds Monitor and Identify Pests Prevention Control

5 Definition of a Pest? Anything that causes a nuisance, blight, or annoyance Is it worth controlling? One time deal or ongoing? Proper identification of tree and pest Use Integrated Pest Management

6 Co-Instructors or Pests? Coco Pickles

7 Techniques in Diagnosis Use your eyes. Use a good hand lens. Look around: close up and far away Notice if it is only one plant family with problem or whole area Dig to look at the roots. Use a knife to look under bark. Pull on turf or shake branch

8 1. Identification of Pests Most Important First step in developing an effective pest control strategy A pest is anything that: Competes with humans, domestic animals, or plants for food or water Injures humans, animals, plants, structures, etc Spreads disease to humans, animals, plants, etc Annoys humans or domestic animals

9 2. Five Most Common Types of Pests 1. Weeds 2. Diseases and Parasites 3. Arthropods: Insects and their Relatives 4. Mollusks-Snails/Slugs 5. Vertebrates-Animals...Birds, Moles, Deer

10 2. Five Most Common Types of Pests 1. Weeds Monocots grasses, lilies, sedges, palm trees, etc. Dicots broadleaf weeds, clover, trees, shrubs, flowers Herbicides are selective between monocots and dicots

11 2. Five Most Common Types of Pests 2. Parasites and Diseases attack both plants and animals Fungi Bacteria Viruses Nematodes

12 2. Five Most Common Types of Pests 3. Arthropods: Insects and their Relatives Crustaceans lobsters, crayfish, barnacles, etc. Ticks and mites Spiders Insects aphids, beetles, moths, scale insects, cicadas, flies, etc.

13 2. Five Most Common Types of Pests 4. Mollusks Snails can be detected by slime trails Slugs Zebra mussels

14 2. Five Most Common Types of Pests 5. Vertebrates animals with a backbone Mammals deer, rabbits, rats, etc. Birds crows, blackbirds, etc. Reptiles snakes, lizards, etc. Fish snakehead, etc.

15 3. Pest Control Options Natural Controls Climate Natural Enemies Geographic barriers Food and water supply Shelter Applied Controls Host resistance Biological control Cultural control Mechanical Control Sanitation Chemical control

16 4. Continuous vs sporadic vs potential pests Most organisms are not pests only when proven to be one: Continuous pests are nearly always present and require regular control Sporadic, migratory, or cyclical pests that require control occasionally Potential pests that do not require control under normal circumstances, but require control in certain circumstances

17 5. Prevention vs suppression vs eradication Prevention - keeping a pest from becoming a problem Suppression - reducing pest numbers or damage to an acceptable level Eradication destroying an entire pest population Rare goal Difficult to achieve

18 6. Thresholds Different Levels of pest populations When pest control action is taken to prevent pests from causing injury or harm Action Thresholds Esthetic Health Economic

19 7. Pest Monitoring What kinds of pests are present? Are the numbers great enough for control? When to initiate controls? How successful are control measures? Arthropods, slugs, vertebrates trapping and scouting Weeds visual inspection Microbial pests symptoms of injury and damage

20 9. Failure to control pests Pest resistance The wrong pesticide The wrong dosage The wrong timing New infestation after treatment

21 10. Ways to avoid pest resistance Pests become resistant to pesticides when: Pesticides rarely kill all target pests Susceptible pests are killed first Pests that survive pass on their survival traits Surviving populations become more resistant Residual pesticides select out resistant Rotating pesticides reduce pest resistance

22 What is a pesticide? Chemical substance that will kill pests Insecticides Miticides Acaricides Nematicides Fungicides Herbicides Rodenticides Repellants/ attractants

23 Pests and Diagnosis

24 Look for signs of living organisms Fungi Mycelium Armillaria Root Rot Rhizoctonia on Impatiens

25 Look for signs of living organisms Fungi Mycelium Fruiting bodies

26 Look for signs of living organisms Fungi Mycelium Fruiting bodies Rhizomorphs Sclerotia Hosta

27 Signs of Mites

28 Signs of Aphids

29 Insects and Honey Dew

30 Remember that decay organisms can fool you

31 What makes a good sample? Distinct symptoms Fresh sample Whole section of branch or handful leaves Junction of live and dead tissue What kind of plant it is?

32 Some tree diseases to be on the lookout for

33 Discula Anthracnose: Dogwood Attacks bracts, leaves, stems Lethal to tree Progresses from lower branches up Favored by cool, wet weather Problem in shaded, fog-prone areas

34 Control of Discula Anthracnose Plant in full sun, water well Fungicides: Banner Maxx (propiconazole) Daconil (chlorothalonil) Mancozeb Resistance C. florida Appalachian Spring C. kousa C. kousa X C. florida hybrids (Stellar series)

35 Anthracnose Management Do not fertilize with high nitrogen fertilizers. Use trickle or soaker irrigation. Prune out infected branches. Rake and destroy leaves in fall.

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37 Powdery Mildew Affects many plants Looks like plant has been dusted with baby powder Increase air circulation. Reduce shading. Avoid overhead irrigation. Favored by warm, humid, weather

38 Powdery Mildew of Dogwood Dogwood powdery mildew less conspicuous than other powdery mildews More damaging than other powdery mildews Reduction in root mass Stunting of tree Fungicides: Immunox, Systhane (myclobutanil) Systemic Fungicide (propiconazole) First Step (potassium bicarbonate) Resistance

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40 Seiridium Canker of Leyland Cypress Drought predisposes trees to infection Elongate cankers form on branches or trunk Cankers bleed resin Dieback may begin at top or bottom of tree Difficult to treat

41 Phytophthora and other Root Rots Plants that are in water-logged soils due to over-watering or heavy rains are predisposed to infection Moisture allows motile spores to move in the soil Pathogen has a wide host range

42 Root Rots Cont... Roots often discolored Use plant lab to diagnose problem Treatment difficult - soil drenches expensive Prevent with proper plant selection and planting

43 April-Early to Mid Rust Fungi: cedar apple rust galls are swelling at this time Two hosts required by fungi to complete life cycle Most common on apple, crabapple, and hawthorn Spores wind blown Plant resistant varieties

44 June-Late June-July Oh No!!!!! Preferred host arborvitae, cedar and juniper Bagworm is a very common insect pest that everyone should know Hatch in late May early June It is a caterpillar that constructs a bag using host plant material Controls? Handpick, Bt and Chemicals

45 Late May-June Lacebugs most common on azalea and cotoneaster found on underside of leaves dark brown and black dots are diagnostic underside of foliage to reduce populations plants in full sun more prone to damage

46 Mid-June-rest of season Spider Mites Population will peak during hot weatherthen collapse Colony will collapse before noticed.

47 Mites.Oh no! eggs are visible under microscope confirm infestation if no adults are present often treated with dormant oils mite eggs on arborvitae

48 Mites.Cont... not controlled by most insecticides populations may increase following use of certain insecticides few miticides available for homeowners European red mite and two-spotted spider mite.

49 Leafminers larvae of various flies, midges, or beetles feed between the surfaces of leaf may leave blisters..or.. boxwood leafminer

50 Leafminers.Cont... snakelike trails control based on emergence of adults and egg laying habits systemic insecticides often used

51 June July-August Fall webworm starts Large host range webbing on the terminals of branches Bt for early instars or prune out webbed branches. Two generations per year

52 Galls: June/July/August A gall is an unusual growth, usually on the leaves and stems of various plants. They can be caused by insects, mites, bacteria, and fungi. Insect galls are formed the insects or mite release growth - regulating chemicals as they feed and develop. The chemicals cause the plant to form a gall which provides a home for the developing insect or mite.

53 Galls- Spangle Gall Witch hazel gall aphid damage on birch

54 Horticultural Best Management Practices *BMPs*

55 Test the soil to learn the ph and nutrients already present

56 Group plants with similar needs (water, fertilizer, sun ) for easier maintenance

57 Fertilize based on a soil test and at the appropriate time of year for that plant/crop

58 Identify plant problem and severity of damage before choosing a control

59 Read & follow all directions on pesticide labels

60 Right Plant, Right Place

61 Insecticides and Beneficials Monitor and keep records of beneficials each year They will likely come back Avoid using insecticides until you know what you have Lacewing eggs

62 Management Records or history of the plant, so you will know what diseases to expect. Know the pests common in your area. Watch the weather.

63 Cultural Practices Good Planting Practices Prune diseased branches Keep the foliage and blooms as dry as possible. Water before sun-up. Use trickle or soaker irrigation.

64 Considerations Most foliar diseases are cosmetic Most are specific and affect only one type of plant Sanitation is very important Root diseases are really tough problems Disease pressure varies year to year Get a positive ID before treating

65 Weekly Pest Updates

66 Adria Bordas Extension Agent Horticulture Fairfax County (703)