La tettonica attiva nelle Alpi e la rete transnazionale di stazioni permanenti GPS

Transcription

1 La tettonica attiva nelle Alpi e la rete transnazionale di stazioni permanenti GPS Karim Aoudia Abdus Salam International Centre for theoretical Physics Earth System Physics Section

2 GPS monitoring - monumentation on rock - antenna forced centering with sub-millimetre repeatabiliy (ad hoc designed antenna mount, thoroidal level for vertical positioning) - spirit levelling on each site to check for local vertical stability

3 Block-like Motion

4 Block-like Motion

5 Block-like Motion

6 Block-like Motion

7 D

8 S

9 Cartoon showing how geologic block motions are represented as the sum of coseismic and interseismic deformation fields

10 Vernant et al. 2004

11 Due tipologie di modelli del ciclo sismico A. Quasi periodic earthquake occurrence (Shimazaki & Nakata s s model) B. Clustered earthquake occurrence (wallace s model)

12 Motion before, during and after Earthquakes. Example from Hector Mine, CA 40 LDES Site Mojave Desert North Position (mm) Hector Mine Earthquake (166 mm removed) Year

13 Scala di Lunghezza del cosismico e del postsismico per un monitoraggio GPS 0 mm mm

14 GPS: observations

15 GPS observations and viscoelastic relaxation for different fault models

16 a) visco-elastic relaxation, b) deep after-slip, c) up-dip shallow creep, d) summation ( )

17

18 Alpine Integrated GPS Network: Real-Time Monitoring and Master Model for Continental Deformation and Earthquake Hazard Una rete di stazioni GPS per il controllo geodinamico dell'area alpina TRIESTE FEBRUARY 26 and 27th Ziegler & Dezes, 2005

19 Alpine Integrated GPS Network: Real-Time Monitoring and Master Model for Continental Deformation and Earthquake Hazard Una rete di stazioni GPS per il controllo geodinamico dell'area alpina Glacier shrinkage and uplift of the Alps TRIESTE FEBRUARY 26 and 27th

20 Sismicita storica 1356 I 0 7. Data: Sirène ne,, ECOS and Grünthal (2003)

21 Basel, 1356 Menton,, 1887 Udine, 1511

22 Need to monitor crustal deformation at a wide range of spatio-temporal scales GAIN CGPS data will very likely revolutionize our understanding of the Alpine crustal deformation, including fault friction and the rheology of deformation

23 Alpine Integrated GPS Network: Real-Time Monitoring and Master Model for Continental Deformation and Earthquake Hazard Una rete di stazioni GPS per il controllo geodinamico dell'area alpina System Architecture Processing Centers Internet ftp Data Trieste Local GPS Network LAN smb Data and DQE TM output Data Data Receiving Server & DQE TM Partners GPS Receivers TRIESTE FEBRUARY 26 and 27th Data, DQE ranking Web site and forum Leading Partner Data Center Internet ftp Data Internet http Partners Data Centers

24 Alpine Integrated GPS Network: Real-Time Monitoring and Master Model for Continental Deformation and Earthquake Hazard Una rete di stazioni GPS per il controllo geodinamico dell'area alpina TRIESTE FEBRUARY 26 and 27th

25 Alpine Integrated GPS Network: Real-Time Monitoring and Master Model for Continental Deformation and Earthquake Hazard Una rete di stazioni GPS per il controllo geodinamico dell'area alpina Processing Results of the GAIN network: RMS *) [mm] North 1.4 East 1.4 Height Derived repeatability's are excellent. Applied models and processing strategies are successful. The RMS of the coordinate repeatability reveals easily stations with strange behaviour. 3.7 TRIESTE FEBRUARY 26 and 27th Coordinate changes of a few mm are already detectable! The cause for the change of position needs to be evaluated. *) Linear Velocity removed

26 Typical Time Series of Coordinate Changes

27 Alpine Integrated GPS Network: Real-Time Monitoring and Master Model for Continental Deformation and Earthquake Hazard Una rete di stazioni GPS per il controllo geodinamico dell'area alpina Velocities in the ITRF2000 (horizontal) TRIESTE FEBRUARY 26 and 27th

28 Alpine Integrated GPS Network: Real-Time Monitoring and Master Model for Continental Deformation and Earthquake Hazard Una rete di stazioni GPS per il controllo geodinamico dell'area alpina first evaluation of station velocities based on 6 years of data ( ) TRIESTE FEBRUARY 26 and 27th