P EST NOTES Publication 7476 LAWN INSECTS. Integrated Pest Management for the Home Gardener
|
|
- Randell Morgan
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 LAWN INSECTS Integrated Pest Management for the Home Gardener Insects are not a common cause of residential lawn damage in California, but certain species occasionally damage or kill turfgrass. Insect feeding can cause grass to turn yellow or brown, or die, especially if the grass is already stressed. Damage usually begins in small, scattered patches, which may merge into large dead areas. However, lack of proper cultural care and use of inappropriate grass species in a particular location are more likely responsible for unhealthy or dying lawns than insects. Disease-causing pathogens, excessive or inappropriate use of chemicals such as fertilizers and herbicides, and dog urine also produce damage resembling that of insects. Before taking any insect control action, be sure that it is insects causing the problem and not something else. Insects that may cause damage in California lawns include various root-, crown-, and leaf-feeding caterpillars; white grubs, which are the larvae of scarab beetles such as the black turfgrass ataenius and masked chafers; billbugs, which are weevils with white, grublike larvae; and chinch bugs, which are true bugs in the order Hemiptera. Each species produces somewhat different damage symptoms and must be managed differently. Study Figure 1 for identifying characteristics and Table 1 for damage symptoms associated with each species. In addition to the pests in Table 1, leafhoppers may occur in lawns, sometimes causing yellowing of leaf blades, but rarely occur in numbers justifying treatment. Many other insects may be observed while examining grass. However, control is rarely or never needed for most types of insects because they are harmless or beneficial. Common beneficial insects include predatory ants, ground beetles, rove beetles, and blister Figure 1. Identifying features of various lawn pests. Billbug adult is a small weevil (snout beetle), 1 /3 inch long, with a long, downward-pointing snout and elbowed, clubbed antennae. It is often seen walking on paved areas but is difficult to find in turf unless a drench test is used. Billbug larva is a creamy white, legless, 3 /8-inch-long grub with a brown head. The absence of legs distinguishes a billbug larva from a white grub larva. Black turfgrass ataenius adult is a shiny jet black beetle, 1 /5 inch long, with club-end antennae Chinch bug (southern) adult is small (less than 1 /5 inch long) and black with mostly white wings folded flat over the body. Both long- and short-winged forms may be present. Nymphs are bright red to black. Armyworm and cutworm adults are dull brown or grayish, relatively large (up to 1 1 /2 inches long), night-active moths. Armyworm and cutworm larvae are up to 2 inches long at maturity; larvae often curl up and lie still when disturbed. Skipper (fiery) adult is a 1-inch-long, orange to brownish butterfly with a hooked knob at the end of the antennae. Lawn moth has an appendage in front of the head resembling a snout. Resting adults appear slender. When disturbed, the moth makes a short flight close to the grass. Adults are up to 3 /4 inch long. Sod webworm (lawn moth) larva is cream colored, 3 /4 inch long, and has a distinctive double row of brown or black spots down its back, located at the base of long bristles. White grub (chafer) adult is a golden brown, up to 3 /4-inch-long beetle with a dark brown head; it is hairy on the underside of its thorax. White grub larva has a distinct brown head capsule and legs, is up to 1 1 /2 inches long; the posterior portion of its abdomen is enlarged, and it typically curls tightly into a C-shape. P EST NOTES Publication 7476 University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Revised March 2003
2 beetles. Other common arthropods that are primarily decomposers and do no significant injury to turfgrass include springtails and millipedes. MANAGING LAWN INSECTS Good cultural practices are the primary method for managing insect damage to lawns. Growing appropriate grass species for a particular location and providing lawns with proper care are especially important. Practices such as irrigating and fertilizing have a major impact on lawn health. Physical controls, such as thatch removal, choice of mowing height and frequency, and providing grass with more light by pruning tree branches, are also important in certain situations. Naturally occurring biological control may limit some insect pests. Most home lawns in California do not need to be treated with insecticides if proper cultural practices are followed. Insecticides should never be applied unless a pest is identified and detected at damaging levels. If insecticides are necessary, choose materials that have minimum impacts on beneficial organisms and the environment. Preventing Pest Problems The best way to prevent damage from lawn pests is to keep grass healthy. Healthy lawns require few, if any, insecticide treatments. Also, if the turfgrass is under stress and a pesticide is applied, it stands a greater chance of suffering phytotoxic damage from the pesticide itself. The publications on managing your lawn listed in Suggested Reading give detailed information on how to grow a healthy lawn. Choose Appropriate Varieties. There are a number of grasses available for planting in California. These grasses are often referred to as either cool-season grasses (examples include annual ryegrass, bentgrass, fine fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, and tall fescue) or warm-season grasses (bermudagrass, kikuyugrass, St. Augustinegrass, and zoysiagrass). Warm-season grasses produce most of their growth during summer and usually have a dormant period when they turn brown during winter. Cool-season grasses are green year-round, but produce most of their growth in spring and fall. The type of grass and the varieties within each type vary in their shade tolerance, salinity tolerance, water needs, disease resistance, and cultural needs. A formerly thriving lawn variety may decline with changes in light, such as more or less shade caused by growth or removal of nearby trees. These factors are outlined in Selecting the Best Turfgrass, listed in Suggested Reading. Selection of the appropriate grass species and variety will allow you to grow a hardy lawn with minimal maintenance inputs. Care for Lawns Properly. Inappropriate irrigation is the most common cause of lawn damage. Overwatering (shallow, frequent sprinkling) retards deep root growth and increases lawn Table 1. Some Lawn Pests, Appearance of Their Damage, and Cultural Control Methods. Pest (Scientific name) Hosts armyworms, cutworms all grasses, dichondra (Pseudaletia unipuncta, Peridroma saucia, Agrotis spp.) billbugs (Sphenophorus spp.) black turfgrass ataenius (Ataenius spretulus) fiery skipper (Hylephila phyleus) lawn moths, sod webworms (Crambus sperryellus, Tehama bonifatella) southern chinch bug (Blissus insularis) white grubs immatures of masked chafers (Cyclocephala spp.), May and June beetles (Phyllophaga spp.) all grasses annual bluegrass, bentgrass, ryegrass, Kentucky bluegrass bentgrass, bermudagrass, St. Augustinegrass all grasses, especially bentgrass, bluegrass, clovers primarily St. Augustinegrass all grasses, especially bluegrass, ryegrass Damage appearance leaves and base of leaves chewed and cut beginning in small, irregular spots that can spread to patches extending many feet in width brown, thin, dying grass, beginning in small, irregular spots that can spread to patches extending many feet in width brown, dying grass, few roots; lawn is easily peeled off soil 1- to 2-inch-diameter spots of lawn turn brown; spots may join to form large, irregular dead patches; leaves chewed or missing lawn brown; leaves chewed or missing irregular patches of lawn turn yellowish, then brown and begin dying during hot weather brown dying grass; lawn can be rolled up if heavily infested Cultural control reduce thatch; eliminate soggy areas; overseed lawn irrigate and fertilize adequately; increase mowing height increase mowing height; aerate to improve root growth reduce thatch; overseed with grass species that are not preferred reduce thatch; irrigate and fertilize appropriately reduce thatch; reduce nitrogen fertilization; irrigate adequately; plant resistant varieties such as Floralawn, Floratam, or FX-10 if growing St. Augustinegrass irrigate and fertilize appropriately; overseed lawn Some pests specific to bermudagrass and dichondra are not included in this table. Other invertebrates that occasionally damage lawns include crane flies, fruit flies and other flies, flea beetles, leafhoppers, Lucerne moths, plant bugs, mealybugs, scale insects, and mites. Adapted from Ali and Elmore (1989) and Costa et al. (2000); for more information consult publications in Suggested Reading. 2
3 susceptibility to stress. Poorly maintained sprinklers can apply too much water in certain spots while underwatering other areas. Brown spots from uneven water applications occur frequently and are often caused by improperly spaced irrigation heads, sunken or tilted heads, or unmatched heads that apply differing amounts of water. Correcting these physical problems with irrigation systems can decrease water waste by over 50%, decrease water bills, and most importantly, improve the health of your lawn. Lawns should be irrigated deeply and no more often than twice a week. Appropriate fertilization encourages a dense, thick lawn that allows grass to tolerate some insect feeding. The appropriate timing and amount of fertilizer (primarily nitrogen) varies depending on factors including season, grass species, and local growing conditions. In general, most California grasses used for lawns require from 3 to 6 pounds of actual nitrogen over a 1,000-square-foot area annually during their active growing season. Keep the blades on your lawn mower sharp and cut your turf at a mowing height appropriate for the type of lawn grass to minimize depletion of food reserves needed to outgrow insect injury. Mowing frequency and height depend on grass species, season, and the particular use of that lawn. Coolseason lawns have suggested mowing heights of 1 1 / 2 to 2 1 /2 inches, while warm-season lawns should be mowed to a height of 3 / 4 to 1 inch. No more than one-third of the grass height should be removed at one time. Lawns also benefit from aeration. To increase water penetration and reduce soil compaction, periodically remove soil plugs using hollow tines. Thatch, which is the layer of undecomposed organic material on the soil surface, can build up and result in poor water, fertilizer, and air penetration. Thatch that is greater than 1 / 2 inch thick encourages caterpillar and chinch bug populations. Thatch also reduces insecticide efficacy because insecticides cannot penetrate to reach root-feeding insects. Prevent thatch by avoiding excess nitrogen application, irrigating deeply and infrequently, and minimizing the use of lawn pesticides that can reduce populations of microorganisms responsible for decomposing the thatch. If it is more than 1 /2 inch thick, physically remove thatch with a garden rake, mechanical dethatcher, vertical mower, or power rake. Other methods include topdressing lawns by adding a thin layer ( 1 /8 1 /4 inch) of soil and raking or sweeping it into the thatch to encourage decomposer microorganisms. Core aerification also mixes soil into thatch, speeding decomposition. Biological Control Certain insects, other invertebrates, and microorganisms that occur naturally in lawns feed on or parasitize lawn pests. This type of control, called biological control, may help to prevent many lawn-dwelling insects from becoming pests. To protect beneficial insects, avoid using broad-spectrum pesticides that will kill them along with the pests. Biological pesticides containing organisms such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and beneficial nematodes are commercially available for controlling specific lawn insects. These materials have minimal impacts on natural enemies of insect pests and other beneficial organisms such as earthworms. Birds, moles, and other vertebrates also feed on lawn insects from time to time. Detecting Problems in Your Lawn Examine your lawn weekly or just before each mowing to detect problem areas. At the same time, look for weeds. A dense stand of healthy grass prevents most weeds from growing, so abundant weed growth indicates that the lawn is unhealthy and susceptible to other pests. New turfgrass is especially vulnerable to problems and has different irrigation and fertilizer requirements than established turfgrass. An indication that a lawn may be infested with insects is when the adults (e.g., moth or beetle stage) of pests are drawn to lights at night or when vertebrate predators (birds, raccoons, or skunks) are digging in your lawn for caterpillars and grubs. However, the insects coming to light may be drawn from far away and vertebrate activity is not a foolproof indicator. They may be feeding on earthworms instead of insects; also, vertebrates will return to where they previously found food, so they may dig in lawns even if insect pests are no longer abundant. If you observe damage, the next step is to determine the actual cause. If you think the damage is caused by insects, confirm your suspicions by looking for the pest. The most accurate way to do this is by using either the drench test or by inspecting around roots (Table 2). The drench test is effective for detecting chinch bugs and caterpillars including armyworms, cutworms, and sod webworms, but it does not detect grubs. Locating and correctly identifying a pest is important because different pests require different treatment materials, timing, and application methods. Identify the insects you find using descriptions in this publication (Fig. 1) and other publications such as Handbook of Turfgrass Pests or Turfgrass Pests listed in Suggested Reading. The UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Turfgrass is available on the World Wide Web ( PMG/selectnewpest.turfgrass.html) and contains color photos of some turfgrass pests. After identifying the insects, count the number of each type of insect found. Some of the insects you find may be beneficial or nondamaging. In home lawns, you usually need only to be concerned with the insects listed in Table 1. Remember that the mere presence of an insect pest does not imply that it is the cause of unhealthy lawns or that an insecticide treatment is needed. It is normal to find a few pest insects in any healthy lawn. Generally treatments are not recommended unless the population level of the insect pest reaches a predetermined level called a threshold (Table 2). Thresholds are the population levels at which the number of insects feeding exceeds the ability of a healthy lawn to withstand the damage they cause. For example, an insecticide usually is not needed unless there are more than about 5 armyworms and cutworms or 15 lawn moth larvae per 3
4 Table 2. Lawn Pest Detection Methods, Treatment Targets, Thresholds, and IPM-compatible Materials. Insect armyworms, cutworms billbugs black turfgrass ataenius (see also white grubs) chinch bug, southern lawn moths (sod webworms) skipper, fiery white grubs (the immatures of masked chafers, May and June beetles; see also black turfgrass ataenius) Detection method drench test for fat, dull gray, green, or brownish larvae up to 2 inches long; inspect outdoor lights around dawn for 1 1 /4 - inch brownish to gray moths dig around roots for whitish, C-shaped, legless grubs up to 3 /8 inch long with reddish heads; inspect outdoor lights around dawn for 1 /3 inch brownish to gray snout beetles dig around roots for whitish, C-shaped grubs up to 1 /3 inch long with 6 legs and reddish heads; inspect outdoor lights around dawn for shiny black adults 1 /5 inch long drench test or inspect around grass bases for reddish, purple, black, or gray bugs up to 1 /2 inch long drench test for slender, grayish larvae up to 3 /4 inch long; whitish or brownish moths up to 3 /4 inch long fly when grass is disturbed drench test for larvae up to 1 inch long with pinkgreen body and red and black head; orangish butterflies 1 inch wide with knobbed antennae feed at flowers; mere presence of this insect does not warrant control dig around roots in late winter or summer for whitish to yellow, wrinkled, C-shaped grub up to 1 1 /2 inches long with 6 legs and a reddish head; look for yellowish brown adults 1 /2 inch long. Treatment target crowns, leaves, thatch crown, roots roots, thatch soil interface crowns, stems crowns, leaves, thatch leaves, stems Check current labels for permitted uses and proper application methods. Adapted from Ali and Elmore (1989) and Costa et al. (2000). IPM-compatible materials Predaceous nematodes A= azadirachtin or neem (Safer BioNeem) Hb = Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Bt = Bacillus thuringiensis (BT WormKiller, Caterpillar Clobber) Sc = Steinernema carpocapsae I= imidacloprid (Bayer Advanced Lawn Grub Control, Grubex, etc.) Sg = Steinernema glaseri P= pyrethrin/potash soap (Safer Yard & Garden Insect Killer) roots Suggested treatment threshold 5/yd 2 1/ft 2 40/ft 2 135/yd 2 or 15 nymphs & adults/ft 2 15/yd 2 15/yd 2 6/ft 2 IPM-compatible materials A, Bt, P, Sc I, Sc Hb, I, Sc P A, Bt, P, Sc Bt, Hb, P Hb, I, Sg square yard. Sample several different areas of the lawn to better estimate populations overall, especially if numbers are close to suggested thresholds. Drench Test. To detect chinch bugs, adult billbugs, and caterpillars including armyworms, cutworms, and larvae of lawn moths (sod webworms), perform a drench test by mixing 1 to 2 fluid ounces (2 4 tablespoons) of dishwashing liquid (such as Lemon Joy) to a gallon of water. If you are using a concentrate (i.e., Ultra) version of a dishwashing liquid, 1 1 / 2 tablespoons per gallon of water is adequate. Two gallons may be required where soils are dry. Apply the solution to 1 square yard of lawn as evenly as possible using a sprinkling can (Fig. 2). Test an area that includes both relatively healthy grass and adjoining unhealthy grass. The drench will cause insects to move to the surface. During the next 10 minutes, identify and count the number of pest insects. Inspect Around Roots. The drench test does not indicate the presence of billbug larvae, black turfgrass ataenius larvae, or white grubs (masked chafers, May beetles, and June beetles). To detect white grubs, dig or cut beneath thatch (Fig. 3) and examine the soil around roots and crowns (where roots and stems meet). Look for the white, legless larvae of billbugs (a weevil) or the C-shaped, six-legged larvae of scarab beetles such as black turfgrass ataenius and masked chafers. When these are numerous, roots are eaten away and turf often can be rolled back like a carpet. If you find more than about one billbug larva, six white grubs, or 40 black turfgrass ataenius grubs per square foot, control may be needed. TREATMENT If cultural practices are not enough to prevent damage, and a drench test or root inspection indicates treatment is warranted, choose selective, least toxic, IPM-compatible products (Table 2) whenever possible to control pests. The microbial insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis and insect-killing nematode products that can be applied like insecticides have minimal negative impacts on nontarget organisms. The insecticides azadirachtin, pyrethrum (pyrethrins), and imidacloprid are also 4
5 Figure 2. Detect chinch bugs, adult billbugs, and caterpillars by drenching a 1- square-yard area of lawn with a soap solution to irritate insects so they come to the surface. relatively safe products for lawn insect management. Each of these products is effective only on certain pests and all must be properly timed and applied to be effective. Avoid the use of diazinon; urban use of this material has been identified as a source of pollution in California s creeks and rivers. Other broad-spectrum insecticides, including carbaryl and pyrethroids, are available. However, these materials pose risks for beneficial and nontarget organisms. Use them only when IPM-compatible insecticides cannot control the infestation. Avoid the use of lawn fertilizer products that also contain insecticides for preventative treatment. Insecticide treatment at the time of fertilizing is usually not justified and may reduce the presence of beneficial insects. Certain chemicals may injure lawns, especially if used on seedlings, when temperatures are too high, or if grass is stressed. Injury may also result from excess amounts, repeated applications, the wrong formulation, or from mixing incompatible materials. Inert ingredients, such as wetters, spreaders, emulsifiers, diluents, and solvents, may also injure lawns. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) kurstaki. Bt kills only caterpillars. When infected with Bt, caterpillars stop feeding within a day and usually die within a few days. Unlike broad-spectrum insecticides that kill on contact, caterpillars must eat Bt-sprayed foliage to be killed, so proper timing and thorough spray coverage are very important. Bt is most effective on caterpillars when they are young. Once the caterpillars become large they are harder to kill with this material, and other control measures may be necessary. Apply Bt during warm, dry weather when caterpillars are feeding actively. Sunlight inactivates Bt on foliage, so make applications in the evening. Repeat treatment after about 7 to 10 days. Nematodes. Insect-attacking nematodes can be applied to control caterpillars or grubs. Each nematode species is effective on a different range of pests. Select the nematode species most effective against the target pest(s) (Table 2). All nematode species are most effective when applied during the early part of the season for that pest (Fig. 4) when grubs or caterpillars are active. A second application about 2 weeks after the first increases the likelihood that nematodes will reproduce and provide long-term pest control. Irrigate before and after application. Apply to warm (at least 60 F), moist but not soggy soil. Several irrigations may be needed during the 2 weeks after each application to keep soil moist. Because nematodes are killed by light and heat, apply them in the evening, especially in hot areas. Nematodes usually must be mail ordered. Because they are very perishable, store them as directed (usually under cool, dark conditions) and do not store them for long periods. Purchase from a reputable producer or supplier of fresh nematodes. Sources include those listed in the free pamphlet Suppliers of Beneficial Organisms in North America available on the California Department of Pesticide Regulation Web site ( dprnews.htm). Suppliers and details on nematode use are also available at oardc.ohio-state.edu/ nematodes. Azadirachtin. The botanical pesticide azadirachtin is extracted from the seeds of the neem tree. It is used to control cutworms, armyworms, and the larvae of lawn moths. Azadirachtin is absorbed by the plant and is able to move to a limited degree within the plant. Because azadirachtin acts partly as an insect growth regulator (i.e., it prevents the caterpillar from reaching maturity), most caterpillars are not killed until Mow the lawn and reduce excess thatch (greater than 1 / 2 inch) before applying insecticides. Unless otherwise directed on the product label, irrigate and allow grass blades to dry before treating caterpillars and other insects that feed on grass blades and stems. Do not treat if rainfall is expected and do not irrigate for at least 48 hours after spraying for leaf-feeders to allow the insecticide to remain on grass blades as long as possible. When treating white grubs and other root-feeders, wait to irrigate until after application so the insecticide is moved down into the soil. 4 (a) 6 Figure 3. Detect billbug larvae, black turfgrass ataenius, and white grubs by digging around the root zone with a hand trowel. Alternatively, make three connected cuts through grass and thatch in the shape of a capital I (a); then lift back (b) and inspect underneath. If the area examined is 6 inches long and 4 inches wide, inspect six such areas to uncover a total of 1 square foot and compare the number of insects discovered to the suggested thresholds. (b) 5
6 Figure 4. Approximate times to monitor for some lawn insects. Actual treatment time varies depending in part on location, temperature, rainfall, and the specific insecticide used. Before applying an insecticide, monitor for insects to confirm pest presence and that their numbers exceed thresholds. Insect Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct armyworm, cutworm billbug black turfgrass ataenius chinch bug fiery skipper sod webworm, lawn moth white grub several days after application, and azadirachtin s effectiveness is not immediately apparent. For more information contact the University of California Cooperative Extension or agricultural commissioner s office in your county. See your phone book for addresses and phone numbers. AUTHORS: S. H. Dreistadt, M. A. Harivandi, H. Costa, and J. S. Hartin EDITOR: B. Ohlendorf TECHNICAL EDITOR: M. L. Flint DESIGN AND PRODUCTION: M. Brush ILLUSTRATIONS: Fig.1: Adult chafer A. S. Packard Guide to the Study of Insects. New York: Henry Holt; Sod webworm R. M. Bohart Hilgardia 17(8): 275; other insect line art Chittenden, Marlatt, or Webster from Sanderson, E. D. and C. F. Jackson Elementary Entomology. Boston: Ginn. Fig. 2: Christine M. Dewees; Fig. 3: adapted from Gelenter, W. D. Calif. Fairways, Jan-Feb: pp. 6 8; Fig. 4: adapted from Ali, A. D., and C. L. Elmore, eds Turfgrass Pests. Oakland: UC ANR Publ PRODUCED BY IPM Education and Publications, UC Statewide IPM Program, University of California, Davis, CA This Pest Note is available on the World Wide Web ( This publication has been anonymously peer reviewed for technical accuracy by University of California scientists and other qualified professionals. This review process was managed by the ANR Associate Editor for Pest Management. To simplify information, trade names of products have been used. No endorsement of named products is intended, nor is criticism implied of similar products that are not mentioned. This material is partially based upon work supported by the Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under special project Section 3(d), Integrated Pest Management. Imidacloprid. Imidacloprid is a chloronicotinyl insecticide that moves systemically within plants. It is effective against black turfgrass ataenius, white grubs, and weevils. Imidacloprid has relatively long persistence. Because initial effectiveness can be delayed for days after application, it may be best to apply it during the early part of the season (Fig. 4), when the grubs are in their earliest stages. In lawns that had damaging infestations the previous year, make treatments when adults are found in early to midsummer. If lawns are heavily infested with damaging levels of grubs later in the season, a more quick-acting, broad-spectrum insecticide may be necessary. Pyrethrin. Pyrethrum, a botanical from flowers of certain chrysanthemums, contains pyrethrins, which are toxic to insects. Many pyrethrum products include the synergist piperonyl butoxide. Insects may only be temporarily paralyzed (knocked-down) and pests may recover from temporary effects of exposure to pyrethrum unless piperonyl butoxide is added. SUGGESTED READING Ali, A. D., and C. L. Elmore, eds Turfgrass Pests. Oakland: Univ. Calif. Agric. Nat. Res. Publ Brandenburg, R. L., and M. G. Villani, eds Handbook of Turfgrass Pests. Lanham, MD: Entomological Society of America. Costa, H., R. Cowles, J. Hartin, K. Kido, and H. Kaya Insects and Mites in UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Turfgrass. Oakland: Univ. Calif. Agric. Nat. Res. Publ T. Flint, M. L., and S. H. Dreistadt Natural Enemies Handbook: The Illustrated Guide to Biological Pest Control. Oakland: Univ. Calif. Agric. Nat. Res. Publ Harivandi, M. A., and V. A. Gibeault Managing Lawns in Shade. Oakland: Univ. Calif. Agric. Nat. Res. Publ Harivandi, M. A., and V. A. Gibeault Mowing Your Lawn and Grasscycling. Oakland: Univ. Calif. Agric. Nat. Res. Publ Harivandi, M. A., and V. A. Gibeault Managing Lawns on Heavy Soils. Oakland: Univ. Calif. Agric. Nat. Res. Publ Harivandi, M. A., W. B. Davis, V. A. Gibeault, M. J. Henry, J. A. Van Dam, L. Wu, and V. B. Younger Selecting the Best Turfgrass. Oakland: Univ. Calif. Agric. Nat. Res. Leaflet UC Statewide IPM Program. UC Guide to Healthy Lawns Web site. ipm.ucdavis.edu/tools/turf/ WARNING ON THE USE OF CHEMICALS Pesticides are poisonous. Always read and carefully follow all precautions and safety recommendations given on the container label. Store all chemicals in the original labeled containers in a locked cabinet or shed, away from food or feeds, and out of the reach of children, unauthorized persons, pets, and livestock. Confine chemicals to the property being treated. Avoid drift onto neighboring properties, especially gardens containing fruits or vegetables ready to be picked. Do not place containers containing pesticide in the trash nor pour pesticides down sink or toilet. Either use the pesticide according to the label or take unwanted pesticides to a Household Hazardous Waste Collection site. Contact your county agricultural commissioner for additional information on safe container disposal and for the location of the Household Hazardous Waste Collection site nearest you. Dispose of empty containers by following label directions. Never reuse or burn the containers or dispose of them in such a manner that they may contaminate water supplies or natural waterways. The University of California prohibits discrimination against or harassment of any person employed by or seeking employment with the University on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, sex, physical or mental disability, medical condition (cancer-related or genetic characteristics), ancestry, marital status, age, sexual orientation, citizenship, or status as a covered veteran (covered veterans are special disabled veterans, recently separated veterans, Vietnam-era veterans, or any other veterans who served on active duty during a war or in a campaign or expedition for which a campaign badge has been authorized). University policy is intended to be consistent with the provisions of applicable State and Federal laws. Inquiries regarding the University s equal employment opportunity policies may be directed to the Affirmative Action/Staff Personnel Services Director, University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources, 300 Lakeside Drive, 6 th Floor, Oakland, CA , (510)
Turfgrass Selection for the Home Landscape
PUBLICATION 8035 Turfgrass Selection for the Home Landscape UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Agriculture and Natural Resources http://anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu M. ALI HARIVANDI, UC Cooperative Extension Farm Advisor,
More informationFertilizer, Weed Control, Grubs, and General Application Questions
Lawn Care FAQ s Fertilizer, Weed Control, Grubs, and General Application Questions Why do we have so many weeds? Dandelions in particular, weeds in general, do not seem concerned about how long lawn has
More informationSummer Stress Arrives Early on Cool Season Lawns
Summer Stress Arrives Early on Cool Season Lawns Figure 1. A fall installed tall fescue sod showing the first signs of summer stress following the arrival of record setting heat in central Virginia in
More informationMaintaining a Healthy Lawn
Maintaining a Healthy Lawn in Western Oregon A.M. VanDerZanden and T. Cook EC 1521 Reprinted February 2001 $1.50 The typical home lawn is an evolving ecosystem that gets more complex each year. At first,
More informationWHAT IS WRONG WITH MY LAWN?
WHAT IS WRONG WITH MY LAWN? Lawn problems can occur in small areas or larger patches and entire lawns can be affected. Sometimes the problems are due to poor growing conditions, improper lawn care practices,
More informationFrequently asked Questions about Weeds
Frequently asked Questions about Weeds Q: Why do I have so many weeds in my yard? A: Some combination of the following factors will contribute to high weed populations: A large number of weed seeds or
More informationWhite Grubs in Texas Turfgrass
E-211 6/04 White Grubs in Texas Turfgrass Michael Merchant, Stephen Biles and Dale Mott* White grubs are the larval stage of insects commonly known as May or June beetles (or Junebugs). Texas has almost
More informationLawn Watering Guide for California
PUBLICATION 8044 Lawn Watering Guide for California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Agriculture and Natural Resources http://anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu Janet Hartin is UC Cooperative Extension Farm Advisor in Environmental
More informationPREVENTING PEST DAMAGE IN HOME LAWNS
PREVENTING PEST DAMAGE IN HOME LAWNS Quick Tips Summary Use mixed grass seeds rather than a single variety Fertilize with composted organics or slow-acting synthetic products Keep soil at ph 5.8 6.5 Keep
More informationBest Lawns News. Late Spring 2014 Edition Virginia Cooperative Extension Prince William Unit. Featured in This Issue
Best Lawns News Late Spring 2014 Edition Virginia Cooperative Extension Prince William Unit Featured in This Issue Stilt Grass 2 National Arboretum s Grass Roots Exhibit 4 Grub Control 5 All content was
More informationBENEFITS OF A HEALTHY LAWN
BENEFITS OF A HEALTHY LAWN It s good for the air A healthy lawn releases enough oxygen daily for a family of four, has the same cooling effect as three home central air conditioning units, and cleans the
More informationTurfgrass Traffic and Compaction: Problems and Solutions
PUBLICATION 8080 Turfgrass Traffic and Compaction: Problems and Solutions M. ALI HARIVANDI, University of California Cooperative Extension Environmental Horticulture Advisor, Alameda, Contra Costa, and
More informationGENERAL WATERING & CARE GUIDE
GENERAL WATERING & CARE GUIDE Between 30-60 percent of water applied to lawns and gardens is never absorbed by the plants. Water is often wasted because it is applied too quickly and runs off, evaporates
More informationTURFGRASS INSECT CONTROL. W. E. Wallner Extension Specialist in Entomology Michigan State University
TURFGRASS INSECT CONTROL W. E. Wallner Extension Specialist in Entomology Michigan State University Several insects damage grass by feeding either on the roots the grass blades. Proper damage diagnosis
More informationINSECT MANAGEMENT (Roberts & McPherson)
INSECT MANAGEMENT (Roberts & McPherson) A number of insect pests are capable of severely damaging soybeans. However, it is important to realize that soybeans can withstand considerable insect damage at
More informationSystemic. Granules. Insect Control. Protects against damaging insects for up to 8 weeks CAUTION. Root Weevils. Birch Leaf Miner.
Systemic Granules Insect Control Protects against damaging insects for up to 8 weeks Root Weevils Birch Leaf Miner Beetles Internal insect protection won t wash off with rain or water For use outdoors
More informationLawn Insects. Identification, Biology & Principles of Control. Annual White Grub Species. Major Cool-Season Lawn Turfgrass Insect Pests
Lawn Insects Identification, Biology & Principles of Control Dr. David Shetlar The Ohio State University/OARDC OSU Extension Columbus, OH Major Cool-Season Lawn Turfgrass Insect Pests White Grubs Billbugs
More informationOSU Extension Service Master Gardener Program. Organic Pest Control. Weston Miller OSU Extension Service Community and Urban Horticulture faculty
Organic Pest Control Weston Miller OSU Extension Service Community and Urban Horticulture faculty Audience Question What does the term organic pest control mean to you? Preview of Presentation Organic
More informationIt can be easy..without using pesticides you can increase the health of your landscape allowing it to naturally fight insects and diseases.
The Pesticide By-law Think Outside the Box It can be easy..without using pesticides you can increase the health of your landscape allowing it to naturally fight insects and diseases. Let us help you. Your
More informationFactors Contributing to Major Problems in St. Augustinegrass Lawns 2006-2007
Factors Contributing to Major Problems in St. Augustinegrass Lawns 2006-2007 By James A. McAfee, Ph.D. Extension Turfgrass Specialist Texas A&M Research and Extension Center at Dallas Loss of St. Augustinegrass
More informationWHITE GRUBS IN TEXAS TURFGRASS
L-1131 WHITE GRUBS IN TEXAS TURFGRASS House and Landscape Pests M.E. Merchant and R.L. Crocker* White grubs are the larval stage of insects commonly known as May or June beetles (or Junebugs). Almost 100
More informationearth-wise guide to Is damage patchy or not patchy? Patchy (throughout lawn) Not Patchy Are problems occurring during wet or dry conditions?
earth-wise guide to Lawn Problems In this Fact Sheet: Chinch bugs Grubs Brown Patch Take All Patch Drought Stress Iron Chlorosis Shade Stress Quick Tips to avoid lawn problems Establish a healthy soil
More informationIntegrated Pest Management Strategies 1
Circular 1149 1995 Integrated Pest Management Strategies 1 L. B. McCarty 2 One of the most appealing aspects of a landscape is the beauty of the lawn. The responsibility for maintaining this beauty and
More informationEasy-To-Follow Do-It-Yourself 4-Step Lawn Care Program
Easy-To-Follow Do-It-Yourself 4-Step Lawn Care Program Easy-To-Follow 4-Step Lawn Care Program - Phosphate Free Lawn Step 1 - Crabgrass Control Apply MAXLAWN Crabgrass Preventer 22-0-4 with Crab-Buster
More informationIntegrated Pest Management for Home Gardeners and Landscape Professionals
PESTICIDES: SAFE AND EFFECTIVE USE IN THE HOME AND LANDSCAPE Integrated Pest Management for Home Gardeners and Landscape Professionals Pesticides are designed to be toxic to the pests they target whether
More informationBusting the Most Common Lawn Myths and Misconceptions Aaron Patton
DIVISION OF AGRICULTURE R E S E A R C H & E X T E N S I O N University of Arkansas System Agriculture and Natural Resources FSA6142 Busting the Most Common Lawn Myths and Misconceptions Aaron Patton Assistant
More informationInformation for pest management professionals and pesticide applicators. Diagnosing Lawn Disorders
Information for pest management professionals and pesticide applicators Green Bulletin Vol. 1 l No. 4 l October 2010 Diagnosing Lawn Disorders T he most common lawn complaint among homeowners is likely
More informationUTAH CERTIFIED NURSEY PROFESSIONAL UCNP TEST SYLLABUS
UTAH CERTIFIED NURSEY PROFESSIONAL UCNP TEST SYLLABUS Contact Information: Utah Green-UNLA 1174 E 2760 S #16 Salt Lake City UT 84152 801-484-4426 or unlautahgreen@aol.com UCNP Program Description: The
More informationLAWN GUARDIAN GRUB CONTROL
LAWN GUARDIAN GRUB CONTROL Beneficial Nematodes When Do I Apply? Grubs start feeding in April and again in August. Apply Beneficial Nematodes in May or when grubs are seen in the soil, ensure the soil
More informationSt. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum
ANR-0262 Lawns (Stenotaphrum secundatum), which is sometimes referred to as Charles tongrass, is a coarsetextured, warm-season turfgrass that is adapted to warm, humid regions (subtropical). This turfgrass
More informationSAMPLE INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) BID SPECIFICATIONS FOR COMMERCIAL PEST CONTROL SERVICES
1. GENERAL SAMPLE INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) BID SPECIFICATIONS FOR COMMERCIAL PEST CONTROL SERVICES Ornamental & Turf & Arborist (Tree Care) Full Service Contract Includes Pesticide Applications
More informationWHITE GRUBS IN TEXAS TURFGRASS
L-1131 WHITE GRUBS IN TEXAS TURFGRASS House and Landscape Pests M.E. Merchant and R.L. Crocker* White grubs are the larval stage of insects commonly known as May or June beetles (or Junebugs). Almost 100
More informationEVER RE-TREAT EVER SURRENDER
EVER RE-TREAT EVER SURRENDER Never Re-Treat. Never Surrender. Win the insect battle with ALOFT Insecticide. Nothing controls insects better, faster or longer. Its one-of-a-kind formulation provides season-long
More informationIdentification and Prevention of Frost or Freeze Damage By Linda Reddick, Kingman Area Master Gardener
KINGMAN IS GROWING! COLUMN Identification and Prevention of Frost or Freeze Damage By Linda Reddick, Kingman Area Master Gardener Again this year we have been experiencing some very cold weather, with
More informationAdvanced Intelligence Report Tree & Shrub Insect Control: Protecting Trees from Emerald Ash Borer
Advanced Intelligence Report Treating For Emerald Ash Borer With Bayer Advanced Tree and Shrub Insect Control Soil Drench Dr. Bruce Stewart, Bayer Advanced Consumer Products Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) is
More informationIntegrated Pest Management
Integrated Pest Management Science and Language Arts Brief Description: This lesson will focus all of the information the students have learned about pests in the other insect lessons in a decision-making
More informationIntegrated Pest Management - A Homeowner's Guide
Integrated Pest Management - A Homeowner's Guide BayScapes are environmentally sound landscapes benefiting people, wildlife and Chesapeake Bay. BayScaping advocates a "holistic" approach through principles
More informationKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN CAUTION/PRECAUCIÓN
GROUP Granular For use around buildings and structures for the control of listed pests, including on lawns, around ornamental trees and shrubs around residential, institutional, public, commercial, agricultural
More informationHard Decisions Ahead With Ash Trees
Hard Decisions Ahead With Ash Trees By: Stanton Gill, Extension Specialist in IPM and Entomology for Greenhouses and Nurseries Central Maryland Research and Education Center University of Maryland Protect
More informationCloud Mountain Farm Center 6906 Goodwin Rd., Everson, WA 98247 (360)966-5859 voice, (360)966-0921 fax, www.cloudmountainfarmcenter.
Disease and Pest Management in the Home Orchard Fruit trees have been grown in home orchards for centuries. The goal of many gardeners today is to have fresh fruit from their own trees with a minimum of
More informationScarab Beetles and White Grubs
Scarab Beetles and White Grubs O & T Guide [T-#08] Carol A. Sutherland Extension and State Entomologist Cooperative Extension Service College of Agriculture and Home Economics October 2006 Probably the
More informationIntegrated Pest Management
Chapter 2 Integrated Pest Management In This Chapter Keywords After learning the information in this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Define Integrated Pest Management (IPM). 2. List and describe the 5
More informationFlooding on Sports Fields
www.stma.org Flooding on Sports Fields Flooding events caused by excessive rainfall can be extremely detrimental to sports fields. Flooding saturates a rootzone and creates an unfavorable soil environment
More informationTree Integrated Pest Management. Dan Nortman Virginia Cooperative Extension, York County
Tree Integrated Pest Management Dan Nortman Virginia Cooperative Extension, York County IPM Refresher Definition: The use of a combination of appropriate pest control tactics to reduce pest population
More informationEnvironmental Issues In Your Backyard
Environmental Issues In Your Backyard How to Keep a Healthy Lawn In the pursuit of maintaining green, weed-free lawns, some homeowners may over-apply fertilizer to encourage vigorous growth and pesticides
More informationYearly Calendar for St. Augustinegrass Care and Culture 1
Fact Sheet ENH-73 1995 Yearly Calendar for St. Augustinegrass Care and Culture 1 L. B. McCarty and John L. Cisar 2 St. Augustinegrass is a fast-growing, warm-season turfgrass used extensively in Florida.
More information#6: Manage Yard Pests Responsibly
#6: Manage Yard Pests Responsibly CREATE AN EFFECTIVE DEFENSE AGAINST PESTS WHILE MINIMIZING YOUR IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT Pest management in the home landscape once relied heavily on the use of chemicals.
More informationInsect Management in Your Florida Lawn 1
CIR-427 Insect Management in Your Florida Lawn 1 Eileen A. Buss and J. Bryan Unruh 2 Several insects and insect relatives live in Florida lawns, but not all of them hurt the grass. Many are harmless, some
More informationTurfgrass Management of Bermudagrass Football Fields
HLA-6600 Turfgrass Management of Bermudagrass Football Fields Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service Dennis Martin Extension Turfgrass Specialist The first step in developing a turfgrass management program
More informationPhone: 989.673.5300 x 304 Caro MI 48723 URL: www.tisd.k12.mi.us Email: aslagh@tisd.k12.mi.us
AGRI SCIENCE LANDSCAPING / TURFGRASS TECHNOLOGY SYLLABUS SCHOOL: Tuscola Technology Center Instructor: Arlon Slagh ADDRESS: 1401 Cleaver Road Phone: 989.673.5300 x 304 Caro MI 48723 URL: www.tisd.k12.mi.us
More informationCULLINAN IRRIGATION & LAWN CARE 763-913-1670 CULLINANIRRIGATION.COM
Get ready for the growing and mowing months with a maintained mower and irrigation system. Give your sprinkler system a spring tune-up. Activate the system by closing drain valves, turning the water on,
More informationClarendon CISD. Integrated Pest Management Program (IPM) Manual Updated & Board Acknowledgement 11/10/11
Clarendon CISD Integrated Pest Management Program (IPM) Manual Updated & Board Acknowledgement 11/10/11 See Official Board Policy Code CLB (LEGAL) & (LOCAL) 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Policy Statement... 3 IPM
More informationBiological solutions for chafer grub and leatherjacket control in turf.
Biological solutions for chafer grub and leatherjacket control in turf. Chafer grubs and leatherjackets cause extensive damage by feeding on plant roots in turf. The secondary damage is just as destructive
More informationThe Alfalfa Weevil in Utah
Page 1 of 5 The Alfalfa Weevil in Utah Fact Sheet No. 58 January 1989 Edward W. Evans Extension Entomologist Introduction The alfalfa weevil is a major pest throughout Utah. It is a beetle with one generation
More informationNatural Yard Care. Five steps to make your piece of the planet a healthier place to live.
Natural Yard Care Five steps to make your piece of the planet a healthier place to live. Fourth Edition 2008 Why go natural? Our yards are our outdoor homes: fun, beautiful, great spaces for relaxing.
More informationWhite Grub Management in Turf 1
ENY-321 White Grub Management in Turf 1 Eileen A. Buss 2 White grubs are immature scarab beetles. They hatch from eggs laid in the soil, have three larval instars, and also pupate in the soil. The third
More informationInsects That Kill Trees. Diane G. Alston Extension Entomologist Utah State University 2004 Professional Tree Care Workshops
Insects That Kill Trees Diane G. Alston Extension Entomologist Utah State University 2004 Professional Tree Care Workshops Topics Introduction websites, IPM strategies Ips bark beetles Tree borers flatheaded,
More informationGrasshopper and Bean Leaf Beetle
FS 905 Economic Thresholds in Soybeans Grasshopper and Bean Leaf Beetle Michael A. Catangui, Ph.D. Extension entomologist & assistant professor Plant Science Department South Dakota State University Economic
More informationLandscape Maintenance
Landscape Maintenance SC-73 Objectives Contain Educate Reduce/Minimize Product Substitution Description Landscape maintenance activities include vegetation removal; herbicide and insecticide application;
More informationVirginia Gardener http://www.hort.vt.edu/envirohort
The Virginia Gardener http://www.hort.vt.edu/envirohort Name Help Sheets: Things Plants Need There are certain things that every living thing needs in order to live and grow. Just like you, plants need
More informationHow To Plan A Buffer Zone
Backyard Buffers Protecting Habitat and Water Quality What is a buffer? A buffer (also called a riparian buffer area or zone) is the strip of natural vegetation along the bank of a stream, lake or other
More informationCOMMERCIAL TURF GOLF COURSES
The following table provides commercial turf and golf course insect control recommendations with pesticides for use by professional applicators. All chemical information provided below is given with the
More informationBENEFITS OF USING IPM
Edward J. Bechinski and William H. Bohl Potato growers who use IPM consider all available pest control tools. Alternatives to conventional pesticides are the foundation of every IPM plan. Pesticides play
More informationInsecticide. NET CONTENTS 1 Gal 3850610 060706A
Insecticide For general insect control in turfgrass and landscape ornamentals of residential lawns, commercial, industrial, institutional, and recreational areas including athletic field and parks. Not
More informationAlternative Pesticide Management for the Lawn and Garden
Alternative Pesticide Management for the Lawn and Garden XCM-221 A pest-free lawn and garden may sound ideal, but is it really? Maintaining the perfect urban landscape may result in a reliance on pesticides
More informationEmpire Landscaping Company, Plano Texas
** Lawn Maintenance Service Details from Empire Landscaping ** The following is a guideline of our service details. Please read carefully and email me with confirmation, questions and/or information or
More informationWhy Fruit Trees Die D. B. Meador, Extension Specialist (retired) University of Illinois
Why Fruit Trees Die D. B. Meador, Extension Specialist (retired) University of Illinois Occasionally, fruit trees decline and often die. Diseases affecting the leaves, fruit, and twigs of fruit trees usually
More informationEnterprise Guide for Southern Maryland: Growing Broccoli
1 Fact Sheet 450 Enterprise Guide for Southern Maryland: Growing Broccoli Broccoli is a popular vegetable in both fresh and frozen forms and has become a common vegetable in salad bars. Recently it has
More informationCare of Mature Backyard Apple Trees
Education Center and Info Line practical solutions to everyday questions Toll free Info Line 1-877-398-4769 M-F 9 AM - 2 PM Care of Mature Backyard Apple Trees Introduction Backyard apple trees can be
More informationWhat is Integrated Pest Management?
SLIDE 1: This is Steve Johnson, University of Maine Cooperative Extension, bringing you information on Integrated Pest Management. It is possible to receive a Maine Board of Pesticides Control recertification
More informationDEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES OAK TREES CARE AND MAINTENANCE
DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES OAK TREES CARE AND MAINTENANCE This guide will offer basic information for the preservation and maintenance of oak trees as a part of an overall landscape use. Unfortunately, oak
More informationHydroseed Care Guide
Hydroseed Care Guide Please read carefully and sign the invoice in the space provided to show us that you have received the Instructional Care Guide and acknowledge your responsibility to read and implement
More informationMaintaining Cactus and Succulents
Maintaining Cactus and Succulents Master Gardener Education February 22, 2011 Jack Kelly University of Arizona College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Pima County Cooperative Extension Tucson, Arizona
More informationPUBLICATION 8048 PLANTING. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Agriculture and Natural Resources
PUBLICATION 8048 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Agriculture and Natural Resources http://anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu Fruit Trees: Planting and Care of Young Trees JIM CARSON and GARY SHIMIZU, University of California
More informationNative to the coastal regions of both the Gulf of
Turf Management Feb. 2008 TM-3* St. Augustinegrass J.T. Brosnan and J. Deputy Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences Native to the coastal regions of both the Gulf of Mexico and Mediterranean Sea,
More informationOrganic Control Methods of Almond Insect Pest
Big Tree Organic Field Day Turlock, CA, April 2nd, 2009 Organic Control Methods of Almond Insect Pest David Doll Farm Advisor UCCE Merced County Overview Organic Control Methods of Control of common pests
More informationMOSQUITO & GNAT BARRIER Kills & Repels Insects for up to 4 weeks
MOSQUITO & GNAT BARRIER Kills & Repels Insects for up to 4 weeks Spray on Yard, Patio, Plants & Flowers Contains Permethrin, a long lasting insecticide, providing weeks of control. ACTIVE INGREDIENTS PERMETHRIN*
More informationHop Pest Control. H. E. Morrison. jpf^vrsiolnrru; - «ibntoj."' «- '',orto JUN 6 I-JJ3
Hop Pest Control H. E. Morrison its of jpf^vrsiolnrru; - «th ' s ibntoj."' «- '',orto JUN 6 I-JJ3 Agricultural Experiment Station Oregon State College Corvallis Circular of Information 589 May 1958 Hop
More informationLandscape Maintenance
Photo Credit: Geoff Brosseau Description This category includes businesses that provide landscaping and landscape maintenance/gardening services. Pollutant Sources The following are sources of pollutants:
More informationCollege of Agriculture, P.O. Box 210036 Tucson, Arizona 85721-0036
Irrigating Citrus Trees ISSUED FEBRUARY 2000 BY: Glenn C. Wright Associate Specialist ag.arizona.edu/pubs/ crops/az1151.pdf This information has been reviewed by university faculty. COOPERATIVE EXTENSION
More informationPEST MANAGEMENT STRATEGIC PLAN FOR TURFGRASS IN VIRGINIA AND NORTH CAROLINA, WITH INPUT FROM MARYLAND AND SOUTH CAROLINA
PEST MANAGEMENT STRATEGIC PLAN FOR TURFGRASS IN VIRGINIA AND NORTH CAROLINA, WITH INPUT FROM MARYLAND AND SOUTH CAROLINA WORKSHOP DATE: August 19, 2008 PMSP COMPLETED: June 2011 SOUTHERN REGION IPM CENTER
More informationKINGMAN IS GROWING! Column
KINGMAN IS GROWING! Column Protect Plants When Temperatures Drop By Charlee Ware, Kingman Area Master Gardener Fortunately for us, we had three extra weeks of warm fall weather. In most years, that 32-degree
More informationKaren J. English Graphic and Web Designer. Please click the thumbnails on the following pages to view larger versions of the images.
Karen J. English Graphic and Web Designer Please click the thumbnails on the following pages to view larger versions of the images. graphic design: small pieces graphic design: large pieces web design
More informationSelf-Certification Checklist
Rhode Island Department of Environmental Managment Sustainable Turf Management for Landscaping Self-Certification Checklist Sustainable Turf Management for Landscaping Certification Program Rhode Island
More informationThe Basics of Tree Pruning
The Basics of Tree Pruning By John Ball, Forest Health Specialist and Aaron Kiesz, Urban and Community Forestry Specialist Until the end of the 19 th century, trees were not a common sight in many parts
More informationUnit 4 Lesson 1: A Pest by Any Other Name
Focus Areas: Pest Control: Biological; Environmental Science, Language Arts Focus Skills: critical thinking, conducting research, observing, graphing, interpreting data Objectives To explore human attitudes
More informationIntegrated Pest Management At Boise State University
Integrated Pest Management At Boise State University Purpose The purpose of this document is to provide an overview of Boise State University Landscape Service department s philosophy regarding plant health
More informationRetail Lawn Seed Mixtures for Western Oregon and Western Washington
Retail Lawn Seed Mixtures for Western Oregon and Western Washington EM 9100 November 2014 Stan Baker, Alec Kowalewski, Brian McDonald, and Rob Golembiewski A number of new lawn seed products have become
More informationInsect Pests of Pecan. Will Hudson Extension Entomologist
Insect Pests of Pecan Will Hudson Extension Entomologist How important is nut drop to production? Pecan trees typically lose 75% of the pecans between nut set and shell hardening even when protected from
More informationINTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR KENNESAW STATE UNIVERSITY
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR KENNESAW STATE UNIVERSITY KENNESAW, GEORGIA PREPARED JANUARY 1997 REVISED NOVEMBER 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction and Principles of Integrated Pest Management
More informationA DISCOVERY REGARDING THE DEATH OF ASH TREES IN THE PLYMOUTH AREA
A DISCOVERY REGARDING THE DEATH OF ASH TREES IN THE PLYMOUTH AREA As you are probably aware, we have seen a significant amount of dying ash trees in the Plymouth, Canton, Northville area. This prompted
More informationIntegrated Pest Management Policy for City-Owned Facilities
Page 1 of 6 ARTICLE XII Integrated Pest Management Policy for City-Owned Facilities Section 1 Background The City s National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit from the California Regional
More informationDOMINION TREE & SHRUB
Treats up to 5,333 sq. ft. CONTROLS: Aphids Grubs Mole Crickets And other listed insects DOMINION TREE & SHRUB INSECTICIDE CONCENTRATE For Outdoor Residential Use Only For use on lawns, flowers, trees
More informationIntegrated Pest Management Policy Ashland Parks and Recreation Commission
Integrated Pest Management Policy Commission Approved on: May 24, 2010 Page 1 of 10 Introduction to Policy The Department follows an Integrated Pest Management Policy adopted by the in 2010. According
More informationTurf: Insects 6-5. Table 6.3 - Insecticides for White Grubs (larval stage)
Turf: Insects 6-5 Insects Rod R. Youngman, Extension Entomologist, and Curt Laub, Research Associate, Virginia Tech Recommendations for management of major turfgrass pests are outlined below. The remarks
More informationIntroduction to the concepts of IPM
DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES Principles of Integrated Pest Management Deanna Chin and Brian Thistleton, Entomology, Diagnostic Services What is a pest? Principles of IPM Introduction to
More informationDetermining Problems of Woody Ornamentals Over the Phone
Hillsborough County Cooperative Extension Service 5339 County Rd 579 Seffner, Fl., 33584-3334 813-744-5519 Fax 813-744-5776 http://prohort.ifas.ufl.edu/ Determining Problems of Woody Ornamentals Over the
More informationMyoporum thrips by Robert Muraoka M.S., B.S.
Myoporum thrips by Robert Muraoka M.S., B.S. If you own a Myoporum hedge, shrub or tree, then you have seen the curling galled-up foliage shown in the photo on the left. It is caused by an invasive species
More information2744 Tanaga Basin New Lenox, Illinois 60451 (t)708.860.8310 (f)888.354.0955 www.agemalandscape.com
Maintaining YOUR Landscape Annual Calendar 2744 Tanaga Basin New Lenox, Illinois 60451 (t)708.860.8310 (f)888.354.0955 www.agemalandscape.com MARCH - Clean winter debris, leaves, and twigs from your lawn
More informationIrish potatoes are one of America s most
E-511 11-10 Easy Gardening Joseph Masabni, Assistant Professor and Extension Horticulturist, The Texas A&M University System Irish potatoes are one of America s most popular vegetables the average American
More information