Incorporating environmental business risks into design: A test case

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1 Incorporating environmental business risks into design: A test case Stafford Lloyd 1,2, Andrew Clifton 1, Lucia Elghali 2 and Jacquetta Lee 2 1 Life Cycle Engineering, Rolls-Royce plc, Bristol, UK 2 Centre for Environmental Strategy, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK The information in this document is the property of Rolls-Royce plc and may not be copied or communicated to a third party, or used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied without the express written consent of Rolls-Royce plc. This information is given in good faith based upon the latest information available to Rolls-Royce plc, no warranty or representation is given concerning such information, which must not be taken as establishing any contractual or other commitment binding upon Rolls-Royce plc or any of its subsidiary or associated companies.

2 Overview 2 Background DfE Methodology Case study Integration into design decision-making Summary

3 Background 3 Design for Environment (LCA based) does not exist? Environmental Business Risks In design

4 Proposed DfE Methodology 4

Assessing environmental impacts 5 Boundary conditions: Capital equipment/facilities Transport & minor consumables Material Acquisition Material Processing Manufacture

5 Assessing environmental impacts 5 Boundary conditions: Capital equipment/facilities Transport & minor consumables Material Acquisition Material Processing Manufacture Use Maintenance Repair Overhaul Disposal Process A Process C Process D Process H Process I Process L Process B Process E Process J Process M Process F Process K Process G

6 Identifying EBRs 6 LCI X Y Z A B C Environmental Impact kgco 2 eq. kgcfc-11eq. kgpo 4 eq. kgsbeq.??? Risk Categories Cost Law Image Supply Risk = Consequence x Likelihood (Criteria dependant upon risk category)

7 Case study 7 BLISK or CBD

8 Product system studied 8 Material production Titanium sponge Recycled Titanium Alloying elements VAR to Ingot + subsequent processing to aero spec Manufacture Unit process Unit process Electricity Production Unit process Use Maintenance Usage model Kerosene Production End of life End of life

9 LCI result 9 Process consumables Electricity Titanium alloy Water

10 Results - Life cycle profile 10

11 Results Manufacturing profile 11

12 Identification & Categorisation 12 From the impact assessment, the following aspects were identified: Use of Trichloroethylene Compliance risk (REACH) Use of Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) Future issue Electricity Corporate target / compliance risk / strategic risk From stakeholder consultations, the following aspects were also identified as being important: Use of materials (Titanium alloy) - Resource consumption issue (financial and operational risks) Water use - Corporate target Assess Consequence x Likelihood

13 Resource consumption risk 13 For Titanium alloy (as used in case study): Sources: (Morley & Eatherley 2008 / Graedel 2007)

14 Risk 2 Trichloroethylene 14

15 Risk 3 Hydrofluoric acid 15

16 Integrating into the business 16 How can this information be used by the business? Must be done during design design is how a product definition is derived from a set of requirements Evaluate, against acceptability criteria Integrate Translate risks into requirements Present requirements at identified points within the design process

17 Summary 17 Design for environment does exist, because environmental impacts are an element of business risks Simplified LCA can be applied to convert environmental information into business risks, so the information can be used by the business Need to determine how you would integrate this into the design system further test cases

18 References 18 Morley, N & Eatherley D (2008), Material security: Ensuring resource availability for the UK economy, C-Tech Innovation Ltd., ISBN: Graedel, TE (2007), Determining the criticality of materials, UNEP International Workshop on Resource Efficiency and the Environment: Identifying key resource flows, Tokyo, Japan.

Aerospace Meetings Kuala Lumpur 2011

Aerospace Meetings Kuala Lumpur 2011 Supply Chain development trends and opportunities in Aero Engine manufacture 23 rd May 2011 2011 Rolls-Royce plc The information in this document is the property of