The Program and Evaluation of Internet of Things Used in Manufacturing Industry Hongyun Hu, Cong Yang. Intelligent procurement.

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1 The Progrm d Evlutio of Iteret of Thigs Used i Mufcturig Idustry 1 Hogyu Hu, 2 Cog Yg 1 Xime Uiversity of Techology, xmldhy@163.com 2 Xime Uiversity of Techology, @qq.com Abstrct The mufcturig idustry hs bee the focus of Chi s ecoomic growth d it is the egie of rpid ecoomic growth, but there re problems of low levels of itelligece d iformtio. The Iteret of Thigs is importt prt of the ew geertio of IT with brod pplictio prospects i mufcturig idustry. This pper is ttempt to put forwrd progrm ides for the Iteret of Thigs to be used i the mufcturig idustry i terms of mufcturig purchsig, wrehousig, productio, sles d service, followed by comprehesive evlutio of the progrm. 1. Itroductio Keywords: Iteret of Thigs; Mufcturig; Progrm; Evlutio Chi is big mufcturig coutry. Sttistics show tht Chi s mufcturig output ws up to $ trillio i 2010, d its proportio of globl mufcturig output ws 19.8 percet, which mes tht Chi hs becme the world s mufcturig ceter. But i spite of the developmet d opportuities, Chi s mufcturig idustry lso fces my problems. Low level iformtio techology is oe of the mi problems with Chi s mufcturig developmet. First, s mufcturig is upstrem of the etire supply chi, ibility to hve timely ccess to dowstrem demds will led to productio dely. Secodly, low iformtio techology level my result i filure i rel-time moitorig o wrehouse mgemet, productio lies, d productio equipmet. As most work ws completed mully, the work would be proe to error, time-cosumig, d difficult for systemtic collectio of dt, d evetully productivity would be low, d csh flow would ot be timely. All these ffect the competitiveess of Chi s mufcturig. Sice the 1990s, the Iteret of Thigs hs swept cross the world, d spwed ew mufcturig model. Through the pplictio of itelligece d iformtio techology, iformtio is itegrted, d the etire supply chi is mged s whole, thus improvig productio efficiecy gretly. However, the pplictio of the Iteret of Thigs techology to mufcturig is sprse i tht the pplictio is cofied to some steps d tht overll pplictio progrm remis to be formulted. This essy ims to put forwrd such progrm from the perspective of the supply chi, i the hope of cotributig to the productio d prctice of mufcturig idustry. 2. The progrm for iteret of thigs to be pplied to mufcturig 2.1 Progrm ides The progrm is formulted roud the etire productio d opertio of the mufcturig process from the perspective of supply chi mgemet, mely, the process from iformtio cquisitio to itelliget procuremet, to itelliget storge, to itelliget productio, to itelliget sles, to itelliget services, to gree dismtlig, d to recyclig, s is show i Figure 1. Oce rw mterils re delivered by the supplier, they re moitored by the mufcturig eterprise which c, o the bsis of iformtio bout rw mterils d products uder productio, develop d djust its productio pl, schedulig of persoel d vehicles, d other mgemet ctivities. Advces i iformtio Scieces d Service Scieces(AISS) Volume4, Number21, Nov 2012 doi: /AISS.vol4.issue

2 Collbortive, supply chi Mgemet Itelliget procuremet Itelliget storge Itelliget Services Itelliget sles Itelliget productio 2.2 Progrm cotets Figure 1 Desig flow digrm Collbortive supply chi mgemet Obtiig exct demd iformtio: A supply chi icludes umber of upstrem d dowstrem eterprises. It is importt for mufcturig eterprises to obti dowstrem mrket demds timely d ccurtely. Oce the received iformtio does t coform to dowstrem cosumers eeds, eormous wste d loss my occur to mufcturig compies. I view of the bullwhip effect i the trsmissio of iformtio i the supply chi, i order to esure the ccurcy d timeliess of the iformtio pssed betwee the upstrem d dowstrem eterprises, it is of crucil importce to build iteret of thigs cetered roud mufcturig idustry. Its costructio will ssocite the upstrem eterprises with dowstrem oes d brig bout the shrig of iformtio betwee coopertive prters. [3] The eterprises ivolved will hve esy ccess to productio d sles pls o the iformtio pltform of the Iteret of Thigs Le mufcturig d persolized mufcturig: The etire supply chi-bsed system of the Iteret of Thigs ebles the upstrem d dowstrem eterprises to chieve truly le mufcturig by mkig full use of the iformtio through cquisitio of rel-time dt of mteril flow, d supply chi productio sychroiztio, thus voidig such old problems s rw mteril wste, excessive productio, d symmetry betwee mrket demd d ctul mufcturig. At the sme time, s public persolity chrcteristics become icresigly promiet, mufcturig hs tured from mss productio of the pst to multi-btch customiztio productio. Through the Iteret of Thigs, wheever the prts go ito productio process, rdio frequecy techology will idetify the products i the productio lie, sc the prts, the esure tht the products i the productio lie d the prts re cosistet d tht every step of the productio is right, thus voidig the kid of hum errors i the pst while esurig the qulity of customiztio Itelliget procuremet Rw mteril/prts trckig: As the types, stdrds, models of prts required for mufcturig eterprises re vried, mufcturers eed to cosider such issues s whe rw mterils rrive t wht loctio d whether they will be vilble for timely productio. If RFID, the core techology of the Iteret of Thigs, is pplied to the trckig of goods, mufcturers c mge rw mteril suppliers better by closely ssocitig upstrem d dowstrem busiesses d trckig the items i the etire supply chi. [1] Oce rw mterils leve the supplier wrehouse, RFID scers plced t the wrehouse door will utomticlly red the iformtio iside the truck RFID tgs o crtos, d disply the rel-time iformtio o the goods ccurtely o the Iteret-bsed iformtio pltform of both the mufcturers purchsig deprtmet d the supplier. Mufcturers, through the use of electroic tgs d GPS techology o persoel d vehicles, c trck effectively, djust their productio pls, d do good schedulig t y time Esure the qulity of rw mterils: Now most mufcturig i Chi belogs to process mufcturig, d eed to select high qulity suppliers d estblish log-term coopertive reltioships. Through the Iteret of Thigs, mufcturig eterprises c coduct such ctivities s ivittio to teder, evlutio d moitorig of rw mterils, d void the occurrece of 185

3 uexpected situtios, sve the time of supply orgiztio, d cotrol the qulity of rw mterils effectively Itelliget storge Storge hs bee very importt for eterprises. To esure the smooth progress of the mufcturig process, compies must hold prt of the ivetory, but excessive ivetory will tke up corporte liquidity d icrese ivetory costs, which is extremely ufvorble to the compies. I dditio, most of the ivetory work i Chi s mufcturig eterprises is doe mily mully, which my led to errors d difficulty i the timeliess d ccurcy of ivetory iformtio. Pricipl ivetory mgemet i mufcturig busiess processes iclude dt mgemet, receivig storge mgemet, electroic bitmp mgemet, d vehicle mgemet. [4] The ivetory mgemet bsed o the Iteret of Thigs will be more itelliget Bsic dt mgemet: Ivetory documets i the pst iclude purchse orders, ivoices, etc. Ech busiess eeds to iput mully, which my be miute d complicted. Ivetory mgemet bsed o the Iteret of Thigs mkes it possible for utomtic dt etry, thus reducig the cost of hum d ficil resources to gret extet Shippig d receivig ivetory mgemet: Shippig d receivig ivetory mgemet bsed o the Iteret of Thigs c perform the fuctios of rel-time dymic iformtio mgemet by itelliget mgemet of rw mterils storge, icludig utomtic geertio of sigle storge, brcode iformtio storge for items i d out of storge, pritig of sigle storge, storge of iformtio o goods, utomtic lloctio of goods storge commd d executio of truly remote opertio d cotrol of ivetory mgemet Vehicle mgemet: The iteret of thigs-bsed vehicle mgemet c esure resoble schedulig by schedulig d moitorig vehicles, icludig vehicle loctio, vehicle routig cotrol, vehicle lodig d ulodig cotrol, thus mximizig the utility of vehicles. [5] Itelliget productio The core of mufcturig eterprises is utomted mgemet of d procuremet of iformtio bout the mteril d goods i process i the productio lie, d ccurte collectio, itegrtio, lysis d shrig of such iformtio, ll of which my offer iformtio solutios to rel-time moitorig of productio d product life cycle mgemet. Mufcturig plts bsed o the Iteret of Thigs pplictios cosist of two prts. The first prt is the office of the mufcturer. With cloud computig d brodbd ccess, etc., the pltform for itelliget iformtio mgemet is formed. The secod prt icludes the elemets i the etire plt. Through embedded RFID tgs d sesor techology, workers, productio vehicles, productio equipmet c be moitored effectively. Through ccess to such pltform, the mufcturer s iterl stff, customers, supply chi prters d so o c obti whtever iformtio they eed through vriety of Iteret ccess methods Gettig the iformtio bout productio lie items: Oce the productio of prts begis, fctory employees c get the iformtio bout productio lie items t y time, moitor the qulity of rw mterils d work i process i the productio lie while voidig qulity errors i the products. At the sme time, qulity problems c be trced bck to the origil cuse, which my cotribute to step-by-step iovtio of productio techology d improvemet i product qulity. Wht s more, ll of this my provide powerful decisio-mkig support for product qulity issues, process improvemets, d timely lyses of the cuses of ccidets Moitorig d mgemet of the mufcturig process: Alog with the shift of moder ecoomy from seller s mrket to buyer s mrket, customers requiremets for the qulity of the product, model, d the pperce get icresigly high. The productio methods of order ptter hve wide rge of prts d combitios, so the mufcturig idustry eeds very rigorous d precise productio mgemet d cotrol system. First, i order to esure the correctess i the choice of prts d ccessories, fctory employees oly eed to sc the work i progress o the ssembly lie, d the sc the prts gi to determie whether the two mtch. Secodly, s the prts d compoets uder ssembly d processig ll hve electroic tgs, wht eeds to be doe is to istll RFID o the ssembly lie d istll RFID reders i ech process, which will esure tht the 186

4 processig d ssembly of every process is correct Rel-time mgemet of productio equipmet d persoel: Every stff member i the fctory hs their ow uique RFID tg, so tht corporte executives c hve rel-time ccess to iformtio o the ctivities, work sttus d positioig of persoel through Iteret of Thigs techology. RFID offers timely ccess to iformtio bout the loctio of productio equipmet d resoble rrgemet of opertig cycles tht mximize the utility d miimize the disuse of equipmet Itelliget sles Firstly, whe the product is shipped from the wrehouse, the RFID reder t the wrehouse door will sc the vehicle crgo utomticlly before trsmittig the iformtio to the Iteret vi wireless. The store dmiistrtors c ccess the iformtio pltform o the Iteret of Thigs to ler bout the types, mout, d rrivl time of the product. Whe the product eters the poit of sle, the sles stff c check the product iformtio through the Hdheld Termil RFID equipmet, check the order d sig to ckowledge the receipt before trsmittig relevt iformtio to the system. Secodly, RFID reders c trck the sles of goods, such s the speed of sles, the best-sellers d worst products, ccordig to which the mufcturer c grsp the upstrem customers eeds d prefereces, thereby djust the types d performce of products, thus icresig the bility to respod to mrket demds d get more profit mrgis Itelliget service Without the implemettio of the Iteret of Thigs techology, the mufcturig idustry will be put uder greter pressure i the service sector s dowstrem customers icrese. It is chllege for eterprises to obti iformtio o defective products (such s lrge mchiery, utomobile mufcturig, irple mufcturig, etc) i the first time. RFID tgs embedded i the products eble mitece stff to trck the goods sold through the Iteret d implemet regulr remote moitorig d mitece services, thereby reducig mitece cost d improve the qulity of customer service. I dditio, through remote softwre upgrdig relted to the equipmet, problems with lrge mchiery my be solved d mitece costs reduced. 2.3 Techicl Support for the Progrm The techicl support for the progrm iclude RFID techology, wireless commuictios d Iteret techology, softwre pltform frme costructio, etc. [6]mog which RFID techology is mily used for iformtio collectio d storge, trckig of goods, rel-time moitorig of equipmet, d product qulity trcebility. [2] Wireless commuictios d Iteret techologies, which cover both idepedet locl re etwork systems withi mufcturig compies d system combiig Iteret systems with eterprise LAN etwork systems, re resposible for the trsmissio d processig of iformtio. Mufcturig compies should lso estblish softwre pltform suitble for rel-time, o-site, d remote cotrol, pltform tht is coveiet for expsio d modifictio. 3. Evlutio of the Progrm I the implemettio of techicl solutio, evlutio eeds to be mde of its fesibility through techicl d ecoomic lysis. Whe evet is iflueced by my fctors, fuzzy comprehesive evlutio is method for comprehesive lysis d effective evlutio of decisio-mkig.[7] Whe it is difficult to show wht level qulittive idictors belog to by wy of specific figures d oly such vgue ctegories s high, medium, or low re used, fuzzy comprehesive evlutio c better solve the problem of qutifyig qulittive idictors. A comprehesive evlutio idex system for techicl progrm ofte cotis both qutittive idictors d qulittive oes; it is system clled hybrid idex 187

5 system. Whe comprehesive evlutio of hybrid idex system is to be mde, the first step is to uify the two types of idictors before covertig them ito vector form of fuzzy evlutio. For the progrm we hve proposed, we put forwrd the followig three ctegories of idictors for techicl d ecoomic lysis: three Level Oe idictors, seve Level Two idictors, d 25 Level Three idictors, s is show i Tble 1. Tble 1 Comprehesive Evlutio Idex System Level Idictors Two Idictors Three Idictors The level of developmet of Mufcturig eterprises 1 Progrm ecoomic beefits 2 of 11 The level of iformtio Equipmet persoel mgemet Policies d regultios d Ficil idictors of the opertio- l side 21 Productio quots 22 Access to iformtio level, iter-eterprise supply chi iformtio shrig rte, the level of developmet of eterprise iformtio pltform Equipmet utiliztio, equipmet idle rte,the umber of professiols, stff d resoble utiliztio Complice with tiol lws d regultios, iformtio disclosure level, qutity, d coverig res Totl icome, totl ul, profits, iput-output rtio, pybck period, retur o ssets,productio costs Product life cycle, product defect rte, dely mufcturig rte, product qulity Progrm efficiecy 3 techicl Advced idictors 31 techology Techicl prcticlity of idictors 32 Uiformity of techicl stdrds, the degree of opeess of the techology pltform Productivity growth te, useful life of Equipmet, resposiveess mrket The followig steps re tke to evlute the progrm: (1) The evlutio set of elemets re determied ccordig to the evlutio idex system. (2) I the idetifictio of the level of ifluece d its evlutio results, lot of ifluecig fctors i the lysis of techicl solutios do ot use precise dt, thus resultig i certi fuzziess. V v v,..., v Accordigly, we determie the evlutio set for 1, 2 m. Uder orml circumstces, the evlutio rtigs from 4 to 6 re more pproprite. I this pper, the evlutio covers 4 rtigs, m4, V v1, v2, v3, v4 tht is, = (excellet, good, fir, poor). (3) The reltive membership degree of ech idex is determied to estblish the evlutio mtrix. R r r r p1 r r r p2 r 1m r r 2m pm 188

6 To build fuzzy evlutio mtrix R, which mes evlutio idictor Dir of p two idictors reltive to the m-th evlutio grde of membership i the -th degree. umber of levels ij The totl umber of judges (i=1,2,..m,j=1,2,3,4,5) Two idictors of the evlutio mtrix: R R R (4) The weights of the evlutig fctors from the judges re determied. Tke evlutio idex of the right to re-determie for exmple. Level Two d Level Three idictors of evlutio work o the sme priciple. First evlutio mtrix B of the idictors betwee the pirwise compriso is costructed (below judged s of the two idictors is B1, B2, B 3, ). The by judgmet mtrix the weight of ech idex is determied. The divisio d the scle of the levels re show i Tble 2. Tble 2 The level Grdig d Scle with Pirwise Compriso Meig Scle Tht both idictors compred with the sme importce 1 Sid tht the two idictors compred to the former th the ltter 3 slightly importt Tht both idictors compred to the former th the ltter obviously 5 importt Tht both idictors compred to the former th the ltter strogly 7 importt Tht both idictors compred to the former th the ltter is 9 extremely importt Tht bove the medi djcet to judge the degree of importce 2,4,6,8 betwee 1,3,5,7 The importce of idictors d trgets for 1/ The reciprocl of the umber ji ij W w Suppose Level Oe evlutio idex weights re 1, w2, w3, w4, the use the lytic hierrchy process d the lest squres method to determie the weight of the performce evlutio fctors, [8] mely, mi ( ) l l, 1 wi Z w b ij i j wj (1) The lytic hierrchy process is qulittive d qutittive decisio-mkig method, which breks dow decisio-mkig elemets ito objectives, guidelies, progrms etc., o the bsis of which qutittive d qulittive lyses re mde. B (1) Where i = 1, 2, 3,..., j = 1, 2, 3,... k; b ij is comprtive judgmet mtrix of the level evlutio idex; mes mtrix order; k chges. Accordig to the ormliztio coditio w i i1 1 w, obtied vector W w w, w..., i 0 i, 2 3 w, k 2 w is clculted s follows: 189

7 1 bkj j1 wk, k 1,2,3,... 1 bij i1 j1 (2) The dvtges of this method re to fully gurtee the ccurcy d resobleess of results while omittig the test of cosistecy of judgmet mtrix. Similrly, to obti the two idictors of the WWWW right weight: 1, 2, 3, 4, the followig is the clcultio process. Firstly, o the bsis of the bove-metioed Tble 4-2, d i ccordce with the reltive importce of the idictors, the level idictors of comprtive judgmet mtrix B d the level idex belogs to the two evlutio judgmet mtrix B1 B2 B3 B4 re give, s show below B 1/3 1 2 B 1 1/ /3 1/2 1 1/3 1/3 1 B B3 1/2 1 1/3 1 Secodly, weights re determied ccordig to the bove-metioed equtio (2) d level idictors d evlutio mtrix uder ech level. The weights of Level Oe idictors d their respective Level Two idictors re s follows: W W W W (5) Clcultio d comprehesive evlutio. Bsed o the chrcteristics of effectiveess i mufcturig eterprises, two-level comprehesive evlutio model is used i this pper. The cocept behid this model is to divide evlutio fctors ito severl sub-sets (i.e., the two-tier structure of the evlutio idex system of eterprise techology progrms), subset of the evlutio of ech of the two idictors, ech two level evlutio results of the fctor, level idictor to evlute. Filly, uder the priciple of mximum membership degree i fuzzy mthemtics, clssifictio evlutio of progrm is mde of evlutio techiques. V W R W W R, W R, W R WR Similrly, WR WR T (3) R= The resultig comprehesive evlutio results of the techicl progrm is : V= WR= Accordig to the mximum membership degree priciple, the level with the lrgest proportio i the evlutio results is selected, d the coclusio is excellet. Thus we believe tht the techology progrm evlutio rtig is excellet, which idictes tht the techicl solutios work well i the implemettio process. I other words, the progrm is fesible for its techique is dvced, its cost is resoble, d the profits re fie. With better developmet i the whole process, the mufcturig idustry hs ehced its competitiveess i geerl. 190

8 Ackowledgemet The rticle is fuded by the Xime Muicipl Sciece d Techology Agecy soft sciece projects. Item umber: 3502Z20125 Refereces [1]Ke Ci, Iteret of Thigs Techology Applied i Field Iformtio Moitorig, AISS: Advces i Iformtio Scieces d Service Scieces, Vol. 4, No. 12, pp. 405 ~ 414, [2]Kug-Nm Yu d I-Whee Joe, Curret Limittios d Future Directios of the RFID System, RNIS: Reserch Notes i Iformtio Sciece, Vol. 7, No. 11, pp. 16 ~ 18, [3]Du Ji, Applictio of Iteret of Thigs i Electroic Commerce, JDCTA: Itertiol Jourl of Digitl Cotet Techology d its Applictios, Vol. 6, No. 8, pp. 222 ~ 230, [4]Xigyg Zhg, Jiyu Zho, Iteret of Thigs Techology i the Logistics Eterprise Storge Mgemet Applictios, Chi Trde, Vol. 17, No. 8, pp.124~ 125, [5]Jig-xi Ti, A Itroductio to Iteret of Thigs, Southest Uiversity Press, [6]M Ji, A Itroductio to the Iteret of Thigs Techology, Mchiery Idustry Press, [7]Zhg Yue, Zou Shoupig, Su Fe, Fuzzy Mthemtics d Its Applictios, Col Idustry Press, Beijig, [8]Xue-qig Wg, Qi Guo, The Priority of Fuzzy Complemetry Judgmet Mtrix d Its Applictio i Procuremet Teders for Govermet Project, IE&EM 2010, Vol. 1, pp ,

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