7. The Energy Services Industry
|
|
- Oscar Hutchinson
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 7. The Energy Services Industry This section summarises the results of additional research into the energy services industry in Germany and Ireland. Similar research was conducted for the UK, but time constraints have prevented the production of a UK report. The energy service industry was included as it provides a potentially important means of overcoming barriers to energy efficiency that appears particularly appropriate within liberalised energy markets. The full results from the German and Irish studies are contained in the relevant country reports (Annex 1). In addition, each of the individual country/sector reports discuss the scope for energy service companies within that sector. The research took the form of 3-4 case studies on energy service companies in each country. These used semi-structured interviews with company representatives, supplemented by additional interviews with sector specialists. 7.1 INTRODUCTION A central element of sustainability is the recasting of final demand in the economy as a collection of services (mobility, light, refrigeration, nutrition etc.) rather than a collection of products. The development of the energy services industry is one of the first visible manifestations of this trend. Here, suppliers compete to reduce the total bill for energy services, rather than the unit price of energy commodities. This is achieved through combining the supply of energy with assistance in improving the efficiency of equipment and buildings and investment in boilers and combined heat & power. Energy service companies (ESCOs) offer either guaranteed supplies of heat and power or guaranteed levels of service provision. The services provided include: monitoring and targeting; energy management systems; energy audits; installation, operation and maintenance of equipment; low cost finance; and fuel and electricity purchasing. The contract allows the host company to lower risk, avoid capital expenditure, reduce energy costs and concentrate attention on the core business. As a consequence, energy service companies may provide an effective means of overcoming a wide range of barriers to energy efficiency. They may therefore make an important contribution to the achievement of short term carbon targets as well as to the longer term transition to a sustainable energy economy. The energy services market is well established in Germany and the UK in the form of contract energy management (CEM). Development of the market in Ireland is, at present, much more limited. But even in Germany an Ireland the market is relatively small, confined to a small number of sectors, and primarily focused on CHP. It is also largely conducted by companies other than energy suppliers. The development of energy services has been encouraged by the general trend towards outsourcing of non-core operations in both public and private sectors. As part of this, many companies outsource facilities management (FM), which includes a broad range of responsibilities such as cleaning, decoration, waste management and day-to-day maintenance of building fabric and electrical distribution. Facilities management companies may therefore 152
2 get involved in energy management, although this is usually a secondary activity. At present therefore, facilities management and contract energy management are largely separate markets and separate activities. Contract energy management usually involves: a) the provision of technical services for the energy management of a building or process; and b) the provision of finance for energy management investment. The majority of contracts tend to be confined to energy supply, including investment and operation of boilers and CHP equipment. There are many different types of contract and terminology has yet to become standardised. The following is one way of categorising energy service contracts: Heat service contracts: Under this type of contract, the ESCO assumes responsibility for providing energy supplies to a site, together with some control of the energy used. The ESCO is typically responsible for the supply of electricity and heat, and sometimes also compressed air and industrial gases. The ESCO is charged for energy on the basis of the amount received. With this contract, the ESCO has little incentive to be concerned with end-use efficiency so investments in this do not usually form part of the contract. Shared savings contract: Here, the ESCO takes over responsibility for the client s energy bills and the client pays a monthly fee set at an agreed percentage of the client s energy costs prior to the CEM contract. For example, the fee could be 95% of previous energy bills. Such contracts typically include the possibility of the client achieving further savings depending upon the total savings achieved - this is designed to give the client an incentive to ensure efficient use. So, for example, the ESCO may retain all savings beyond the customer s agreed 5% up to 25%, with savings above that level being shared between the CEM and the client. These contracts frequently involve investment in CHP. Fixed fee contracts: These are similar to Type 2 shared savings contracts except that the client gets only the fixed amount of energy savings agreed in the contract. Contracts usually involve installation of BEMS under the control of the ESCO. These contracts have mainly been developed by companies which have traditional offered facilities management - HVAC, security, cleaning etc. 7.1 THE ENERGY SERVICES MARKET IN GERMANY Characterising the German energy services sector In 1998 there were about 480 suppliers of energy services in Germany, which supplied about 93,000 objects (i.e. buildings, industrial sites). These include both energy utilities and dedicated ESCOs. In the same year, the German energy service market had reached an overall volume of 4,300 million Euros with an average turnover per object of 45,000 Euros. The average investment per object is about 70,000 Euros. The main focus of the energy services market is heating services and combined heat and power (CHP), where CHP-projects are approximately 15 to 20 times larger than projects with space heating systems only. These services together account for roughly 80 % of the market volume. Only a small fraction of market volume (10 %) is related to technologies for reducing energy demand (e. g. lighting, insulation, control engineering). The remaining 10 % consists of other supply technologies such as process-heat and compressed air. As far as installed heating capacities, energy service companies are the major players with a market share of 49 %, while utilities account for a 153
3 market share of 30 %. In terms of ownership, the share of utilities is higher, since many utilities have outsourced their energy service activities into subsidiaries. There are three main types of energy service contracts: (1) energy equipment contracting, (2) energy equipment operating and (3) performance contracting. Energy equipment contracting and operating constitute for about 90 % of all contracts. Performance contracting is mainly demand side oriented, where the customer pays a certain amount of the saved energy costs for the investment made by the ESCO. The liberalisation of the electricity market in 1998 caused a 15% decrease in electricity prices. In individual cases in industry, prices dropped by 50 %. A major reason for the price drop is the current excess generation capacity of 10 GWe which forces the utilities to charge not much more than variable costs of electricity generation, and sometimes below. In the short run, this implies decreasing investment in large CHP projects regardless of whether the project is realised as an internal investment of the company or as a contract energy management (CEM) project. To avoid a further deterioration of CHP, and to support municipally owned utilities with a high share of CHP, the German government has introduced minimum prices for CHP-generated electricity and is planning to introduce a tradable quota system for electricity from CHP in But liberalisation has also broken up the monopoly power of utilities and has allowed ESCOs to establish a market for energy services. Now, energy supply can be optimised for a group of customers using the existing infrastructure, electricity from CHP can be sold to other customers, and energy service providers can bundle electricity demand from their contracts and thereby offer lower prices. For utilities, CEM is an efficient means to bind customers. Generally, the liberalisation has increased awareness for energy costs and has led to a search for new possibilities to reduce those costs. Focusing on the costs of energy services rather than energy supply, is a crucial strategy to achieve that goal. The potential for CEM is estimated to be very high, with only 7,4 % of the theoretical potential being realised in Annual growth rates for the energy service sector are estimated to be around 20 %. By 2004, the turnover of the industry is expected to be 9,000 million Euros. Future developments in the energy services sector are likely to include more complete technical services for buildings, such as additional water and waste water related services, and facilities management solutions. Space heating is expected to remain dominant, but as awareness of CEM grows, demand side services and process-oriented technology solutions are likely to gain market shares Case studies of energy service companies in Germany Four case studies were carried out of companies in the energy service sector. In each company not a high-ranked person in charge of energy services was interviewed and asked about market development, services offered, contract types, customer motivations and barriers to the expansion of the market. The following table summarises the key features of each case study. 154
4 Table 7.1 Summary of case studies of German energy service companies Feature Company A Company B Company C Company D Type Consulting and manufacturing engineering company Subsidiary of large utility Manufacturer of energy supply equipment (boilers, CHP) Manufacturer of compressors Main energy services offered Full range, CHP, BEMS, heating, facility management CHP, heating, lighting, BEMS, compressed air Heating, CHP Compressed air Number of employees 3, ,500 Turnover (Mio.?) Share of energy services 100 % 100 % 40 % 5 % on turnover Customer sectors Industry, commercial, housing Industry and commercial (80 %), Industry and commercial (54 %), housing Industry and commercial (100 %) companies, public, equal shares public (20 %) companies (46 %) Contract duration - operating contracting years 5-lifetime N/A N/A - performance contr years 5-11 years Negotiating costs in % of investment costs 8-10 % 5 % unknown 5 % The role of ESCOs in the case-study sectors Based on interviews conducted with the four energy service companies, and the case studies for the higher education, brewery and mechanical engineering sectors, this section summarises the arguments for why energy service companies may help overcome barriers to RUE, and which obstacles still exist. More detail is provided in the individual summaries of the sector case studies. Main factors in favour of ESCOs The main reasons for why ESCOs may help to improve energy efficiency in these sectors include: ESCOs generally accept longer payback periods. In the public sector, there is low financial risk, a sufficiently large project volume, and fairly homogenous technologies facilitate customer focusing strategies. Especially in smaller companies, ESCOs may help overcome the barriers lack of capital, lack of know-how and lack of manpower. The increasing tendency of companies to concentrate on their core business and outsource non-core functions provides ESCOs with business opportunities. Main Barriers to ESCOs Barriers to contract energy management and ESCOs in the German higher education, brewery, mechanical engineering sectors include: 155
5 Outsourcing or privatisation of specific areas is often associated with the loss of jobs. ESCOs suffer from a lack of credibility and trust. Many companies lack information and knowledge about energy efficiency in general and CEM in particular. Falling electricity prices and increased uncertainty in liberalised energy markets may dissuade companies from entering into long-term contracts. Large industrial customers generally have sufficient know-how to operate the energy equipment, and have sufficient capital to finance an investment. Many companies, especially want to keep control over the production process (especially breweries), or prefer to own all their equipment (especially SMEs). In smaller companies, the contract volume is not large enough (especially in mechanical engineering), or the financial risk for ESCOs is prohibitive (smaller breweries). Savings potentials identified by ESCOs reflects poorly on those historically in charge. ESCOs do not know the user needs as well as company staff Policy implications In general, all policies that improve the rational use of energy will help ESCOs and CEM. Such general, rather indirect policies include: increasing the price of energy supply (relative to the price of energy services) via energy/co 2 taxes; tradable emission permits; stricter energy consumption standards for buildings or equipment; and information and organisational measures. More specific strategies include the foundation of an association or a round table of ESCOs that provide basic information about CEM and effective lobbying THE ENERGY SERVICES MARKET IN IRELAND Characterising the Irish energy services sector ESCOs offer services to customers who wish to contract out management of some or all aspects of their energy affairs to a company that specialises in them. There are relatively few companies in Ireland that offer ESCO-type services and most of these are involved in only a subset of ESCO activities. Companies operating in Ireland tend to fall into three groups: a) companies supplying mainly CHP; b) facilities management (FM) companies that deal with a broad range of services, such as energy, water, and cleaning; and c) companies offering contract energy management (CEM). It is often agreed that a competent in-house energy manager in a potential client company would be able to bring about higher energy savings than an outside body such as an ESCO. In reality conditions in many but the larger firms could prevent this from being the case, because energy use represents only one or two per cent of turnover and specialist knowledge about energy on the part of the person managing energy will not be to hand. In fact many firms do not have an individual who sees it as their job to take overall charge of energy matters. Any energy saving brought about by ESCOs ought to yield sufficient financial savings to reimburse the ESCO s costs as well as still being attractive to the potential client. We will see 156
6 that energy saving is indeed not the major product of ESCO activity, rather, the main products are management and supply of equipment. Liberalisation of the Irish energy market is proceeding and the market is gradually being opened up. The present situation for CHP is restrictive in that suppliers can only sell their excess electricity to eligible customers (who can buy on the open market and represent about 30 per cent of the electricity market) or to the power procurer, currently the Electricity Supply Board, at what is perceived to be an unfavourable rate. With extension of eligible customers to 100 per cent of the market by 2005, the situation for CHP should improve. In the meantime a critical mass of CHP schemes has developed with the aid of support under the Energy Investment Support Scheme of the Irish Energy Centre. The National Development Plan envisages an allocation of 4 million to support CHP development. The market for gas is also opening up but the extent of the gas network, though extending, is limited. This restricts the scope for CHP compared to, for example, the UK. In general the end result of liberalisation is likely to be a lowering of energy prices, which is not encouraging for the development of CHP nor indeed for energy efficiency. On the other hand, more bodies are now allowed to supply CHP. Unbundling of energy costs and increased transparency in pricing could direct more attention to costs and encourage efficiency. The outlook in the medium term might improve if serious attempts to meet the Kyoto targets raise the price of energy, in a manner that does not give rise to uncertainty Case studies of energy service companies in Ireland The three types of ESCO activity listed above are covered in the three cases studied. One is a company that engages in facilities management but intends to broaden its activities into other ESCO-type functions like energy conservation. A second company is engaged in CHP and contract energy management and is a branch of an energy supplier. The third company is a facilities management company Some findings emerge quite strongly from this, albeit unrepresentative, set of discussions with three ESCOs. In the first place the ESCO market is fairly undeveloped and people are not familiar with the potential and probably need reassurance. On the other hand the market is growing along with the trend to outsourcing and with increased focus on energy costs consequent on deregulation. The uncertainty surrounding deregulation is however impeding development of ESCOs. Interviewees said that they generally searched for clients with large energy bills and while they would tend to sell on the basis of reduced energy costs, these reductions did not necessarily reflect reduced energy use. The verdict is that end use of energy was not much of a consideration and consistent with this, building insulation and similar issues are virtually ignored at present in ESCO activity. It was not feasible to gauge the size of the ESCO market from information provided in the interviews. The imputed current market for ESCO services might add to some 30 million to 40 million, but the method of imputation was too crude and a proper survey would need to be undertaken in order to have a reliable estimate. By considering total expenditure on (nontransport) energy by the industrial, commercial and public sectors and by taking a simple 157
7 proportion, such as ten per cent, suggests that 150 million of savings might be possible, to be shared out between client and ESCO The role of ESCOs in the case-study sectors A brief assessment was made of the role that energy service companies can play in the higher education sector, the brewing sector, and the mechanical engineering sector. The assessment is primarily based on the interviews conducted in these client sectors and in the ESCO sector as described above. The role of ESCOs in the higher education sector Establishments in the higher education sector were well aware of ESCOs and of companies offering contract energy management, pointing out that these services were not well developed in Ireland. Most respondents charged with responsibility for energy felt that they could manage energy better themselves. They observed that ESCOs are good on energy supply but not on the demand side, that is, they would not engage in much energy conservation. Some respondents had bad experiences with ESCOs in the past, though this did not apply to CHP. Large energy bills and absence of risk were factors that could make the higher education sector attractive to ESCOs though it did not seem to be outsourcing in the same way that some other sectors were doing. The present problematic funding arrangements for investment in the sector also would make ESCOs attractive, though arrangements for borrowing are currently under review. Incumbent energy managers may not wish to see their tasks taken over, though their statements about having insufficient time to deal with energy could work in ESCOs favour. In general, however, a lack of enthusiasm for ESCOs was evident on the part of energy managers in the higher education sector. The role of ESCOs in the brewing sector The respondents that were interviewed in the brewing sector make no regular use of outside contract energy management or of ESCOs, other than for CHP (in relation to which it was clear that any impediment to selling on electricity from CHP plant that is excess to requirements would be a disincentive to energy conservation). Brewery personnel were openminded on the issue of engaging ESCOs or contract energy management in particular. Being users of large amounts of energy in homogeneous processes on a 24-hour basis, breweries would be attractive to ESCOs in general. While the uncertain future of specific establishments is a negative factor, the outlook for brewing as a whole is relatively less risky. However ESCOs trying to break into the brewing sector would need to show themselves to be able to offer superior management capability than provided at present by incumbent energy managers. The role of ESCOs in the mechanical engineering sector The companies in the mechanical engineering sector that were interviewed had generally not heard of ESCOs, and had not availed of such services except audits and some investment advice. Some companies thought that the organisations that had undertaken their audits were ESCOs but it is likely that these had been specialist energy audit firms rather than full-blown ESCOs. 158
8 Opinions as to the desirability of engaging ESCOs varied widely, ranging from statements that the respondents could do it themselves, to absence of trust and the observation that it would reflect badly on them if the ESCO saved money. Three firms had an open mind. In fact the sector could benefit from engaging ESCOs. The sector s energy use would be generic in many instances and not specialised, management time is very scarce, and regulation and safety issues bear heavily on management time and expertise. Production is paramount in the present growth phase and distraction by non-core issues is particularly irksome. Despite these factors that would encourage companies in the mechanical engineering sector to engage ESCOs, the sector would not generally appeal to ESCOs. This unfortunate mismatch stems from the sector s low energy consumption except, that is, in the few larger firms Policies to support ESCOs Some pointers for policies to help ESCOs to attain their potential were investigated, as well as to help them become more supportive of energy use efficiency. Barriers identified were the problems of information and trust, regulations surrounding CHP, procedural issues with contracts, uncertainties as to performance and price changes leading to risk averse behaviour, and lack of profitability owing to low energy prices. Table 7.2 summarises the barriers of high importance to the development of ESCOs. Policy can be directed at the political/legislative level, at the informational and organisational level and, thirdly, at the economic or fiscal level. At political/legal level measures can be introduced to counteract distrust of ESCOs. One way might be to have a certification or accreditation system, entrusted to the Irish Energy Centre or to a new body. A proven ESCO track record, with case studies could help, along with reassurance that the ESCO sector itself is competitive and not sourcing from just a few suppliers. Measures to improve information and to dispel distrust would include more widespread use of sectoral guidelines and benchmarks. These could enable people to judge their plant and the ESCO s proposals in an informed manner using objective criteria. Given the questioning of ESCOs objectives on the energy efficiency front, independent checks on efficiency would be helpful. The environment for CHP should be fair and soundly based. Transparency in pricing and facilitation of measurement and comparisons would help, in order to give correct signals all along the line. The problem at the level of the smaller company and ESCOs hesitation about engaging with low energy users could be addressed by tapping in to trade associations. Certain types of potential customer, grouped by process or product, could negotiate through their association, with guidance from the Irish Energy Centre, perhaps. Schemes could usefully include an energy audit and energy efficiency investment. Grant-aid might be needed to some extent. The specification of the ESCO contract with customers needs some consideration to ensure that correct incentives are incorporated and to overcome some of the complexities that would constitute barriers. Possible models for typical contracts are the subject of investigation in several fora abroad. 159
9 Economic or fiscal measures include grants and subsidies on the one hand and taxes or charges on the other. ESCO involvement with small and medium sized enterprises would probably require aid. Raising the price of energy through taxes on emissions (with respending of revenues that helps overcome the vulnerability of certain sectors) would improve the bottom line for ESCO activity and energy efficiency in general. Given the importance of a stable energy price environment, emissions taxes would be better than a system of tradable emissions permits for addressing the problem of global warming and the achievement of Kyoto targets. The low price of energy was a frequent theme running through the comments made by respondents on the obstacles to energy efficiency investment. Table 7.2 Barriers to the development of ESCOs in Ireland Barrier Potential clients do not trust ESCOs who are perceived to be uninterested in energy efficiency. Regulatory regime on CHP is unhelpful to CHP. Small size of client companies which would benefit most from ESCOs. Procedural problems with contracts and the like. Uncertainty as to price and performance. Low and uncertain potential profitability due to low or variable energy prices. Policy Certification and evidence of track record. Performance of ESCOs clients illustrated by sectoral benchmarks. Enable excess electricity to be sold on. Companies trade associations or process-user groups organize schemes for engaging ESCOs, with grant aid. Investigate current examples of model contracts with a view to establishing model contracts for Irish conditions. Certification, model contracts and tax policies (see policies for other barriers) Impose a tax according to the polluting damage of fuels. 160
How are companies currently changing their facilities management delivery model...?
Interserve and Sheffield Hallam University market research 2012 Page 2 www.commercial.interserve.com How are companies currently changing their facilities management delivery model...? we have a strategy
More informationComments of PU Europe on the Energy Efficiency Plan 2011 Commission Communication COM(2011) 109 final
Comments of PU Europe on the Energy Efficiency Plan 2011 Commission Communication COM(2011) 109 final PU Europe is the European association representing the polyurethane insulation industry (PUR/PIR).
More informationGood Procurement Practice When Buying Consultancy Services And The Procurement Of Small And Medium Sized Consultancy Firms
This report and its findings are useful to practitioners in the fields of consultancy (particularly SMEs), procurement and organisations using consultancy services by benchmarking against the findings
More informationInfrastructure. Trusted to help house today s soldiers and build tomorrow s schools and more besides
Infrastructure Trusted to help house today s soldiers and build tomorrow s schools and more besides Babcock works to derive optimal value from the infrastructure portfolios of its customers. Project planning
More informationRenewable Electricity and Liberalised Markets REALM. JOULE-III Project JOR3-CT98-0290 GREECE ACTION PLAN. By ICCS / NTUA K. Delkis
Renewable Electricity and Liberalised Markets REALM JOULE-III Project JOR3-CT98-0290 GREECE ACTION PLAN By ICCS / NTUA K. Delkis October 1999 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Background to Renewable Energy
More informationSuccess story: Feed-In Tariffs Support renewable energy in Germany
Success story: Feed-In Tariffs Support renewable energy in Germany This document will show how this success story has been brought about and is made up of the following sections: 1. What is a Feed-In Tariff?
More informationESRI Research Note. The Irish Electricity Market: New Regulation to Preserve Competition Valeria di Cosmo and Muireann Á. Lynch
ESRI Research Note The Irish Electricity Market: New Regulation to Preserve Competition Valeria di Cosmo and Muireann Á. Lynch Research Notes are short papers on focused research issues. They are subject
More informationCase 6: Institutional arrangements of a green or fossil energy mix
POLINARES is a project designed to help identify the main global challenges relating to competition for access to resources, and to propose new approaches to collaborative solutions POLINARES working paper
More informationHow To Boost Your Cash Flow With The Enhanced Capital Allowance Scheme
ECA272 The Enhanced Capital Allowance scheme for energy-saving technologies The Enhanced Capital Allowance scheme Boost your cash flow Enhanced Capital Allowances (ECAs) are a straightforward way for a
More informationUsing Less Energy: Nova Scotia s Electricity Efficiency and Conservation Plan
Using Less Energy: Nova Scotia s Electricity Efficiency and Conservation Plan April 2014 Contents Summary...1 Introduction...2 Objectives of the Plan...3 Plan of Action...5 The Benefits of Energy Efficiency...
More informationDraft guidelines and measures to improve ICT procurement. Survey results
Draft guidelines and measures to improve ICT procurement Survey results Europe Economics Chancery House 53-64 Chancery Lane London WC2A 1QU Tel: (+44) (0) 20 7831 4717 Fax: (+44) (0) 20 7831 4515 www.europe-economics.com
More informationASTCEA04 Identify effective measures to reduce energy consumption and achieve carbon reduction
Identify effective measures to reduce energy consumption and achieve Overview This standard is about the identification of ways in which energy efficiency can be improved. It covers the assessment of current
More informationInnovative Funding Options for Energy Efficiency Initiatives
Innovative Funding Options for Energy Efficiency Initiatives A Constellation Whitepaper January 2013 Innovative Funding Options For Energy Efficiency Initiatives Greg Fox, Director of Business Development
More informationCommercial Buildings Special Working Group Change Management Report 2010
1 Contents 1. Introduction... 3 2. Findings from member interviews... 4 Review of Current Change Management Practices... 6 3. Methodology... 7 Structured Approach... 7 Improving your context... 8 Getting
More informationPART III: HORIZONTAL RULES. Criteria for the analysis of the compatibility of state aid for training subject to individual notification 1
Page 1 PART III: HORIZONTAL RULES Criteria for the analysis of the compatibility of state aid for training subject to individual notification 1 1 Introduction (1) Training usually has positive external
More information2. Executive Summary. Emissions Trading Systems in Europe and Elsewhere
2. Executive Summary With the introduction of CO 2 emission constraints on power generators in the European Union, climate policy is starting to have notable effects on energy markets. This paper sheds
More informationPersonal current accounts in the UK
Personal current accounts in the UK An OFT market study Executive summary July 2008 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background The personal current account (PCA) is a cornerstone of Britain s retail financial system.
More informationESCO Financing. State of Israel Ministry of National Infrastructure. Pierre Baillargeon. March 2007 ECONOLER INTERNATIONAL
ESCO Financing State of Israel Ministry of National Infrastructure Pierre Baillargeon March 2007 Agenda Evaluation of the EE market Introduction to the ESCO concept Introduction to performance contracts
More informationInvesting in the Infrastructure for Energy Markets
Investing in the Infrastructure for Energy Markets Executive Summary: The European Commission, energy ministers and energy regulatory authorities have recognised that, if the European electricity and gas
More informationEmerging market for Green Certificates
Emerging market for Green Certificates Dr Marianne OSTERKORN, Director of REEEP Dr Xavier LEMAIRE, SERN/REEEP CONTENT 1. What is a certificate system? 2. How certificates system works 3. What are the benefits
More informationAlternatives to regular inspection of heating and air-conditioning systems for the EPBD: evaluation and comparison. Bruce Young.
Bruce Young Alternatives to regular inspection of heating and air-conditioning systems for the EPBD: evaluation and comparison July 2014 www.epbd-ca.eu Alternatives to regular inspection of heating and
More informationSuccess in Renewables. Glossary of Terms Investment and Renewables
Success in Renewables Glossary of Terms Investment and Renewables If you re new to renewable energy or investment, then it can be a minefield of new language and terminology. What seems totally normal
More informationMEMORANDUM. TO: Greenpeace FROM: Point Carbon DATE: 9/10/09
MEMORANDUM TO: Greenpeace FROM: Point Carbon DATE: 9/10/09 SUBJ: Waxman-Markey (ACES 2009) Project Report Findings: As a whole, Coal receives significant financial funding under the allowance allocation
More informationFujitsu Group s Environmental Management: Outline of Environmental Protection Program (Stage IV)
Fujitsu Group s Environmental Management: Outline of Environmental Protection Program (Stage IV) V Hideru Yamaguchi (Manuscript received March 9, 2005) Environmental activities are an important element
More informationAUDIT REPORT, SUMMARY. Summary. Vattenfall a competitive leader in energy transition? (RiR 2015:6) SWEDISH NATIONAL AUDIT OFFICE
AUDIT REPORT, SUMMARY 1 Summary Vattenfall a competitive leader in energy transition? (RiR 2015:6) SWEDISH NATIONAL AUDIT OFFICE 1 Vattenfall a competitive leader in energy transition? The Swedish National
More informationModule 2: A Strategic Approach to Energy Management
Module 2: A Strategic Approach to Energy Management As in any important organisational undertaking, implementing energy management requires strategic thinking along with an understanding of how to achieve
More informationShifting sands the UK market for low carbon B2B offerings may never be the same again
Shifting sands the UK market for low carbon B2B offerings may never be the same again White Paper June 2015 Contact: Michael Brown michael.brown@delta-ee.com +44 131 466 5544 Dina Darshini dina.darshini@delta-ee.com
More informationModule 1: Introduction to Industrial Energy Management
Module 1: Introduction to Industrial Energy Management Organisations that successfully manage energy have business processes to plan, monitor, and control energy use, just as they do for other corporate
More informationOutsourcing. Knowledge Summary
Knowledge Summary Outsourcing P&SM professionals should have the knowledge and skills required to manage the outsourcing process and to advise colleagues of the most appropriate solution to obtain best
More informationEXAMPLES OF SUCCESSFUL POLICY TOOLS FOR EMISSION REDUCTION
Submission of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Sustainable Building Initiative (SBCI) to the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-Term Cooperative Action under the Convention (AWG-LCA) 24 April
More informationAggregation. Is bigger always better?
Aggregation Is bigger always better? Contents Purpose of this guidance 1 What is aggregation? 2 When should aggregation be considered? 4 Why use aggregation? 6 Some practical considerations 8 Further reading
More informationGreenhouse Gas Offsets and Renewable Energy Certificates: Distinct Commodities in an Evolving Market The Climate Trust
Greenhouse Gas Offsets and Renewable Energy Certificates: Distinct Commodities in an Evolving Market The Climate Trust Introduction The framework for future climate policy is emerging in the United States
More informationSaving energy: bringing down Europe s energy prices
Saving energy: bringing down Europe s energy prices Saving energy: bringing down Europe s energy prices By: Dr. Edith Molenbroek, Prof. Dr. Kornelis Blok Date: May 2012 Project number: BUINL12344 Ecofys
More informationECA272. The Enhanced Capital Allowance scheme for energy-saving technologies
ECA272 The Enhanced Capital Allowance scheme for energy-saving technologies The Enhanced Capital Allowance scheme Boost your cash flow Enhanced Capital Allowances (ECAs) are a straightforward way for a
More informationAgder Energi. God kraft. Godt klima. Solar as a distributed energy source. How will it challenge the traditional utility business?
Agder Energi God kraft. Godt klima. Solar as a distributed energy source. How will it challenge the traditional utility business? Players in the Traditional Electricity Sector 1. The traditional deregulated
More informationBusiness Policy of CEZ Group and ČEZ, a. s.
Business Policy of CEZ Group and ČEZ, a. s. Contents: Introduction 1. CEZ Group mission and vision 2. Scope of business of CEZ Group 3. Business concept Guiding principles Trade Generation Electricity
More informationWind Power and District Heating
1 Wind Power and District Heating New business opportunity for CHP systems: sale of balancing services Executive summary - Both wind power and Combined Heat and Power (CHP) can reduce the consumption of
More informationEnergy Saving Scotland Home Loan Scheme Evaluation findings
Energy Saving Scotland Home Loan Scheme Evaluation findings August 2010 Prepared by: Kate Lawson Contact details: Kate.lawson@est.org.uk 02920 468348 This document provides findings from the 2009-10 evaluation
More informationREDUCTION OF BUREAUCRATIC BARRIERS FOR SUCCESSFUL PV DEPLOYMENT IN THE EU KEY RECOMMENDATIONS
REDUCTION OF BUREAUCRATIC BARRIERS FOR SUCCESSFUL PV DEPLOYMENT IN THE EU KEY RECOMMENDATIONS September 2011 THE PV LEGAL PROJECT Many countries have already recognised the potential of solar energy and
More informationFinancing Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy through the India Renewable Energy Development Agency
RENEWABLE ENERGY INDUSTRIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY Financing Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy through the India Renewable Energy Development Agency A RANGE OF FINANCIAL SUPPORT
More informationNetherlands National Energy Outlook 2014
Netherlands National Energy Outlook 2014 Summary Michiel Hekkenberg (ECN) Martijn Verdonk (PBL) (project coordinators) February 2015 ECN-E --15-005 Netherlands National Energy Outlook 2014 Summary 2 The
More information1.2 The CIOT s Environmental Taxes Working Group has previously commented on the principles of environmental taxes.
Reforming the business energy efficiency tax landscape HM Treasury consultation document September 2015 Response by the Chartered Institute of Taxation 1 Introduction 1.1 The Chartered Institute of Taxation
More informationClaranet cloud market report 2011
Claranet cloud market report 2011 For more information: claranet.co.uk - twitter.com/claranet To book an appointment or to discuss our cloud services: Call us: 0845 355 2000 - Email: business@claranet.co.uk
More informationEnergy saving technology to deliver the fastest returns. Top 10 energy saving options
Energy saving technology to deliver the fastest returns Top 10 energy saving options How can you increase efficiency, reduce costs and cut your carbon emissions? Unstable energy prices, increased costs,
More informationContact: Environment and Green Technologies Department Phone: 01-7272480 Email: greentech@enterprise-ireland.com www.envirocentre.
Contact: Environment and Green Technologies Department Phone: 01-7272480 Email: greentech@enterprise-ireland.com www.envirocentre.ie Enterprise Ireland August 08 (152) Eco-labels GreenTech Support Eco-labels
More informationSubsidising Biomass Electricity - Contracts for Difference and what they mean for dedicated and converted biomass power stations
January 2014 Subsidising Biomass Electricity - Contracts for Difference and what they mean for dedicated and converted biomass power stations New Government support for renewable electricity, and hence
More informationsustainable gains in energy policy. While the report addresses energy policies comprehensively, the following sections highlight these three topics.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 01 A small, somewhat isolated country, Finland takes a balanced view of its energy policy, taking advantage of its situation wherever possible. Where it can leverage its location and
More informationANALYSIS OF THE ADMINISTRATION S PROPOSED TAX INCENTIVES FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
June 28, 1999 ANALYSIS OF THE ADMINISTRATION S PROPOSED TAX INCENTIVES FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND THE ENVIRONMENT INTRODUCTION A few months ago in the FY 2000 budget the President proposed a $3.6 billion
More informationReforming the business energy efficiency tax landscape
Reforming the business energy efficiency tax landscape Consultation response from: Emission Trading Group (ETG) Contact details: John Craven, john.craven@etg.uk.com ETG welcomes this review of the business
More informationMusgrave Energy & Natural Resources Management Policy. Working together to deliver sustainability
Musgrave Energy & Natural Resources Management Policy Working together to deliver sustainability Musgrave Energy & Natural Resources Management Policy Working together to deliver sustainability BACKGROUND
More informationMODEL SCHEDULE OF WTO COMMITMENTS FOR INVESTMENT BANKING, TRADING, AND ASSET MANAGEMENT Explanatory Memorandum
March 8, 2005 MODEL SCHEDULE OF WTO COMMITMENTS FOR INVESTMENT BANKING, TRADING, AND ASSET MANAGEMENT Explanatory Memorandum I. INTRODUCTION Internationally active securities companies are working together
More informationDanish-German Energy Efficiency Summit. Cost effective policy instruments Obligations on Energy Companies
Danish-German Energy Efficiency Summit Cost effective policy instruments Obligations on Energy Companies Eoin Lees Senior Advisor RAP Europe 8 th February 2012 The Regulatory Assistance Project 48 Rue
More informationENERGY EFFICIENT BUSINESS TEAM. David Malicki Senior Team Leader Energy Efficient Business Office of Environment and Heritage
ENERGY EFFICIENT BUSINESS TEAM David Malicki Senior Team Leader Energy Efficient Business Office of Environment and Heritage 1 Energy Saver Program Energy audits and assessments (18,000 incl. 475 large
More informationWhat Can Professional Procurement do for You? David Henchliffe FCIPS
What Can Professional Procurement do for You? David Henchliffe FCIPS Agenda Introduction Goal alignment Modern procurement Basic techniques Keys Conclusion Introduction David Henchliffe, FCIPS Chairman
More informationCASE STUDY FOR NEWCASTLE UNITED ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
CASE STUDY FOR NEWCASTLE UNITED ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM WHAT THE CLUB HAS TO SAY With the introduction of the Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC), rising energy prices and the corporate need to be more
More informationWarmer Healthier Homes: A Consultation Paper on a new Fuel Poverty Strategy for Northern Ireland
Warmer Healthier Homes: A Consultation Paper on a new Fuel Poverty Strategy for Northern Ireland A Response by the Chartered Institute of Housing in Northern Ireland September 2010 The Chartered Institute
More informationThe Utilities Exchange Limited
The Utilities Exchange Limited Corporate and Government Energy Procurement Cut costs and carbon use and become more competitive Energy is essential for any business to function and it s cost has a critical
More information3 ENERGY USE IN THE HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY
3 ENERGY USE IN THE HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY Energy is a critical element essential to the delivery of quality healthcare services. According to the EPA, healthcare organizations spend over $6 billion on energy
More informationThe German Emissions Trading Scheme Could Effect emission Reductions After 2012
The EU Emissions Trading Scheme post 2012 Executive summary The full report, in Swedish, is available at; - Swedish Energy Agency, www.stem.se, report ER 2006:45 - Swedish Environmental Protection Agency,
More informationIT-Security. Industrie 4.0. Energieeffizienz. Automotive. Smart Grid
Position Paper Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) Impact on ZVEI Members IT-Security Automotive Smart Grid Energieeffizienz Industrie 4.0 January 2014 Zentralverband Elektrotechnik-
More informationEnergy Efficiency in SMEs: Success Factors and Obstacles
Energy Efficiency in SMEs: Success Factors and Obstacles CHANGE Chambers Promoting Intelligent Energy for SMEs The present survey was carried out in the framework of CHANGE. The CHANGE project helps SMEs
More informationPrice developments on the EU retail markets for electricity and gas 1998 2011
Price developments on the EU retail markets for electricity and gas 1998 2011 The Market Observatory for Energy has analysed price developments on the retail markets for electricity and natural gas (domestic
More informationHMT Discussion paper on non-bank lending
17 February 2010 By e-mail to: non-banklending@hmtreasury.gsi.gov.uk Dear Sirs HMT Discussion paper on non-bank lending The IMA represents the UK-based investment management industry. Our members include
More informationTop Technology for Industry, Agriculture, Business and Communities
Top Technology for Industry, Agriculture, Business and Communities CHP The Technology with a Potential for Saving Energy Combined Heat and Power (CHP) is a highly efficient technology for the conversion
More informationThe Enhanced Capital Allowance scheme for energy-saving technologies
The Enhanced Capital Allowance scheme for energy-saving technologies Boost your cash flow Enhanced Capital Allowances (ECAs) are a straightforward way for a business to improve its cash flow through accelerated
More informationHow to Become a Green Farmer in China
Detailed Recommendations 4: Strengthen Discounted Green Loans 4 This is a background paper to the report: Establishing China s Green Financial System published by the Research Bureau of the People s Bank
More information10 Strategic Steps to Reducing Your Energy Costs AEE Regional Chapter Meeting February 2, 2005
10 Strategic Steps to Reducing Your Energy Costs AEE Regional Chapter Meeting February 2, 2005 Presented by: Gary A. Swanson, PE President Energy Management Solutions (612) 819-7975 10 Step Summary 1.
More informationInvesting in the UK s energy future Sam Laidlaw, CEO Centrica - 2 December 2013
Investing in the UK s energy future Sam Laidlaw, CEO Centrica - Thank you Andrew and congratulations on the timing of this Spectator Energy Conference. Whether by accident or design you have assembled
More informationEU F-Gas Regulation Guidance Information Sheet 17: F-Gas Producers, Importers and Exporters
Information Sheet 17: F-Gas Producers, Importers and Exporters Target audience for this Information Sheet This information sheet is aimed at organisations that are producers, importers and exporters of
More information5O&M. new trends in onshore wind
5O&M new trends in onshore wind Five new trends in onshore wind O&M This report analyses trends in the way operations and maintenance (O&M) of European onshore wind farms is procured and undertaken. It
More informationYour partner of choice for integrated energy solutions
E.ON Connecting Energies Your partner of choice for integrated energy solutions Would you like to reduce your company s energy costs? Do you have ambitious environmental objectives? Are you concerned about
More informationMarket Intelligence Survey
2 INTRODUCTION Market Intelligence Survey Editor s introduction Welcome to the market intelligence survey carried out by Supply Management magazine and Expense Reduction Analysts. We asked 360 procurement
More informationSTATEMENT OF ALICE M. RIVLIN DIRECTOR CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE
STATEMENT OF ALICE M. RIVLIN DIRECTOR CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE Before the Housing and Community Development Subcommittee of the Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs Committee U.S. House of Representatives
More informationRenewable energies in the Middle East and North Africa: Policies to support private investment MENA-OECD Task Force on Energy and Infrastructure
Renewable energies in the Middle East and North Africa: Policies to support private investment MENA-OECD Task Force on Energy and Infrastructure 11 th meeting of the MENA-OECD Task Force on Energy and
More informationUtilizing e-commerce and m- commerce applications to address the effect of Global Warming
Utilizing e-commerce and m- commerce applications to address the effect of Global Warming Keshnee Padayachee School of Computing University of South Africa Unisa, South Africa The impact of global warming
More informationThe Enhanced Capital Allowance scheme for energy-saving technologies. A guide to equipment eligible for Enhanced Capital Allowances
The Enhanced Capital Allowance scheme for energy-saving technologies A guide to equipment eligible for Enhanced Capital Allowances 2 Contents Boost your cash flow 03 1. Check it s on the Energy Technology
More informationPublic consultation on Draft Advice on customer complaint handling, Reporting and Classification
Seite 1 von 5 Public consultation on Draft Advice on customer complaint handling, Reporting and Classification VKU Response The German Association of Local Utilities (VKU) represents more than 700 municipal
More informationUK s Private Equity community: the verdict on Procurement
UK s Private Equity community: the verdict on Procurement Contents pg 2 Executive Summary Introduction 3 Sampling Methodology and survey design 4 Survey Results 5 How involved are private equity General
More informationContributing the Family Home to Super
Contributing the Family Home to Super An innovative proposal designed to assist with the accommodation and income needs of older Australians wishing to remain in their own homes. Abstract There has been
More informationProposed acquisition by Unum Limited of the employee benefits business of Swiss Life (UK) plc
Proposed acquisition by Unum Limited of the employee benefits business of Swiss Life (UK) plc The OFT's Decision on reference under section 33 given on 31 October 2003 PARTIES Unum Limited (trading as
More informationred zone management white paper Making the most of Distribution Use of System (DUoS) Charges
red zone management white paper Making the most of Distribution Use of System (DUoS) Charges 1. Distribution charges 2. Measuring usage 3. Component parts 4. Time is of the essence 5. Solution provider
More informationwww.pwc.nl Procurement Transformation: Towards Sourcing & Procurement Excellence
www.pwc.nl Procurement Transformation: Towards Sourcing & Procurement Excellence PwC firms provide Industry-focused Assurance, Tax and Advisory services to enhance value for their clients. More than 161.000
More informationJune 2015. Position Paper Contribution to the debate on electricity market design and capacity markets
June 2015 Position Paper Contribution to the debate on electricity market design and capacity markets Eurogas is the association representing the European gas wholesale, retail and distribution sectors.
More informationBARRIERS AND SOLUTIONS TO CORPORATE ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Energy efficiency is often the least expensive way for businesses to reduce GHG emissions and also comes with added benefits of reduced operational costs and risks. Yet, there remains a gap between the
More informationReview of the Energy Savings Scheme. Position Paper
Review of the Energy Savings Scheme Position Paper October 2015 Contents Executive summary... 3 Energy Savings Scheme Review Report package... 3 Expanding to gas... 3 Target, penalties and duration...
More informationRegulatory Review and Barriers for the Electricity Supply System for Distributed Generation in EU-15
1 Regulatory Review and Barriers for the Electricity Supply System for Distributed Generation in EU-15 S. Ropenus, and K. Skytte, Risø National Laboratory Abstract When distributed electricity supply surpasses
More informationBespoke Gas CHP Policy
Bespoke Gas CHP Policy Summary of Analysis Results & Conclusions December 2014 Crown copyright 2014 URN 14D/469 You may re-use this information (not including logos) free of charge in any format or medium,
More informationTHE UK CLIMATE CHANGE PROGRAMME AND EXAMPLES OF BEST PRACTICE. Gabrielle Edwards United Kingdom
Workshop on Best Practices in Policies and Measures, 11 13 April 2000, Copenhagen THE UK CLIMATE CHANGE PROGRAMME AND EXAMPLES OF BEST PRACTICE Gabrielle Edwards United Kingdom Abstract: The UK published
More informationHow To Make Energy Services More Efficient
and ESCOs in a liberalised energy market Paolo Bertoldi Mark Hinnells, and Silvia Rezessy European Commission DG JRC, University of Oxford and Central European University Abstract Energy Services Companies
More informationSession 8A Energy Efficiency Finance 10:30-12:00 pm. Sara Bryan Pasquier David Morgado
Session 8A Energy Efficiency Finance 10:30-12:00 pm Sara Bryan Pasquier David Morgado Topics/content The big picture Introduction to economic instruments Discussion break Economic instrument case studies
More informationEnergy Management. How the FD can make a difference. A FinancialDirector and publication
Energy Management How the FD can make a difference A FinancialDirector and publication Introduction In the current economic climate, controlling costs is a key priority for businesses of all sectors and
More informationINDONESIA S COUNTRY REPORT ENCOURAGING CLEAN ENERGY INITIATIVE
DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT REPUBLIK INDONESIA INDONESIA S COUNTRY REPORT ENCOURAGING CLEAN ENERGY INITIATIVE As part of the international community, Indonesia shares its concern on the environment and development
More informationThe Business Impact of the Cloud. According to 460 Senior Financial Decision-Makers
The Business Impact of the Cloud According to 460 Senior Financial Decision-Makers March 2012 Contents Summary of key findings 4 Finance decision-makers have a high awareness of cloud computing 4 The majority
More informationSWEDISH COMPETITION AUTHORITY. Deregulation of the Swedish Electricity Market
SWEDISH COMPETITION AUTHORITY Deregulation of the Swedish Electricity Market Swedish Competition Authority November 1996 ISSN 1401-8438 Tryckgruppen AB, Stockholm 1996 Contents: 1 Rules for the Swedish
More informationENERGY EFFICIENCY AUDITING
GUIDANCE NOTE ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY AUDITING July 2003 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY An Ghníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil PO Box 3000, Johnstown Castle, Co.Wexford, Ireland Telephone: +353-53-60600
More informationDriving investment and growth through professional evaluation in the emerging energysaving
Driving investment and growth through professional evaluation in the emerging energysaving industry Hilary Wood - Operations Director Graham Johnson Senior Energy Analyst Who are we? We are provide Measurement
More informationGreen paper on the management of biowaste in the European Union
COUNCIL OF EUROPEAN MUNICIPALITIES AND REGIONS CONSEIL DES COMMUNES ET REGIONS D EUROPE Green paper on the management of biowaste in the European Union COM (2008) 811 final CEMR RESPONSE Brussels, March
More informationHow To Create A Power Market In European Power Markets
THEMA Report 2011-15 ISBN no. 978-82-93150-07-7 Market design and the use of FTRs and CfDs A report prepared for Energy Norway September 2011 CONTENT 1 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS...3 2 INTRODUCTION...4 3
More informationCABINET 26 MARCH 2009 THE LOCAL AUTHORITY CARBON MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME
THE LOCAL AUTHORITY CARBON MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME 1. Summary 1.1 This report sets out the work that has been undertaken in producing a Carbon Management Plan for Dartford Council. The Plan proposes a carbon
More informationEBA discussion paper and call for evidence on SMEs and SME supporting factor (EBA in EBA/DP/2015/02)
POSITION PAPER Our reference: 2015/08/008 Your reference: EBA/DP/2015/02 1 (9) 30/09/2015 European Banking Association EBA discussion paper and call for evidence on SMEs and SME supporting factor (EBA
More information