Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN)

Transcription

1 Date: August 2009 Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) FTF Beta 1 for Version 2.0 OMG Document Number: dtc/ Standard document URL: This OMG document replaces the submission document (bmi/ , Alpha). It is an OMG Adopted Beta Specification and is currently in the finalization phase. Comments on the content of this document are welcome, and should be directed to issues@omg.org by March 1, You may view the pending issues for this specification from the OMG revision issues web page The FTF Recommendation and Report for this specification will be published on June 21, If you are reading this after that date, please download the available specification from the OMG Specifications Catalog.

2 Copyright 2009, Axway Copyright 2009, BizAgi Copyright 2009, Bruce Silver Associates Copyright 2009, IDS Scheer Copyright 2009, IBM Corp. Copyright 2009, MEGA International Copyright 2009, Model Driven Solutions Copyright 2009, Object Management Group Copyright 2009, Oracle Copyright 2009, SAP AG Copyright 2009, Software AG Copyright 2009, TIBCO Software Copyright 2009, Unisys USE OF SPECIFICATION - TERMS, CONDITIONS & NOTICES The material in this document details an Object Management Group specification in accordance with the terms, conditions and notices set forth below. This document does not represent a commitment to implement any portion of this specification in any company's products. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. LICENSES The companies listed above have granted to the Object Management Group, Inc. (OMG) a nonexclusive, royalty-free, paid up, worldwide license to copy and distribute this document and to modify this document and distribute copies of the modified version. Each of the copyright holders listed above has agreed that no person shall be deemed to have infringed the copyright in the included material of any such copyright holder by reason of having used the specification set forth herein or having conformed any computer software to the specification. Subject to all of the terms and conditions below, the owners of the copyright in this specification hereby grant you a fullypaid up, non-exclusive, nontransferable, perpetual, worldwide license (without the right to sublicense), to use this specification to create and distribute software and special purpose specifications that are based upon this specification, and to use, copy, and distribute this specification as provided under the Copyright Act; provided that: (1) both the copyright notice identified above and this permission notice appear on any copies of this specification; (2) the use of the specifications is for informational purposes and will not be copied or posted on any network computer or broadcast in any media and will not be otherwise resold or transferred for commercial purposes; and (3) no modifications are made to this specification. This limited permission automatically terminates without notice if you breach any of these terms or conditions. Upon termination, you will destroy immediately any copies of the specifications in your possession or control. PATENTS The attention of adopters is directed to the possibility that compliance with or adoption of OMG specifications may require use of an invention covered by patent rights. OMG shall not be responsible for identifying patents for which a license may be required by any OMG specification, or for conducting legal inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. OMG specifications are prospective and advisory only. Prospective users are responsible for protecting themselves against liability for infringement of patents.

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7 Table of Contents Preface...xxiii 1 Scope Conformance Process Modeling Conformance BPMN Process Types BPMN Process Elements Visual Appearance Structural Conformance Process Semantics Attributes and Model Associations Extended and Optional Elements Visual Interchange Process Execution Conformance Execution Semantics Import of Process Diagrams BPEL Process Execution Conformance Choreography Modeling Conformance BPMN Choreography Types BPMN Choreography elements Visual Appearance Choreography Semantics Visual Interchange Summary of BPMN Conformance Types Normative References Normative Non-Normative Terms and Definitions Symbols Additional Information Conventions Typographical and Linguistic Conventions and Style Abbreviations Structure of this Document Acknowledgements Overview BPMN Scope Uses of BPMN...15 Business Process Modeling Notation, v2.0 i

8 7.2 BPMN Elements Basic BPMN Modeling Elements Extended BPMN Modeling Elements BPMN Diagram Types Use of Text, Color, Size, and Lines in a Diagram Flow Object Connection Rules Sequence Flow Connections Rules Message Flow Connection Rules BPMN Extensibility BPMN Example BPMN Core Structure Infrastructure Definitions Import Infrastructure Package XML Schemas Foundation Base Element Documentation Extensibility External Relationships Root Element Foundation Package XML Schemas Common Elements Artifacts Callable Element Correlation Conversation Association Error Events Expressions Flow Element Flow Elements Container Gateways Interaction Specification Item Definition Message Message Flow Participants Resources Sequence Flow Common Package XML Schemas Services Interface EndPoint Operation Service Package XML Schemas ii Business Process Modeling Notation, v2.0

9 9 Collaboration Basic Collaboration Concepts Use of BPMN Common Elements Pool and Participant Lanes Collaboration Choreography within Collaboration Collaboration Package XML Schemas Process Basic Process Concepts Types of BPMN Processes Use of BPMN Common Elements Activities Resource Assignment Performer Tasks Human Interactions Sub-Processes Call Activity Global Task Loop Characteristics XML Schema for Activities Items and Data Data Modeling Execution Semantics for Data Usage of Data in XPath Expressions XML Schema for Data Events Concepts Start Event End Event Intermediate Event Event Definitions Handling Events Scopes Events Package XML Schemas Gateways Sequence Flow Considerations Exclusive Gateway Inclusive Gateway Parallel Gateway Complex Gateway Event-Based Gateway Gateway Package XML Schemas Compensation Compensation Handler Compensation Triggering Relationship between Error Handling and Compensation Business Process Modeling Notation, v2.0 iii

10 10.7 Lanes Process Instances, Unmodeled Activities, and Public Processes Auditing Monitoring Process within Collaboration Process Package XML Schemas Conversation Conversation Container Conversation Node Communication Sub-Conversation Call Conversation Global Communication Communication Link Conversation Package XML Schemas Choreography Basic Choreography Concepts Data Use of BPMN Common Elements Sequence Flow Artifacts Correlations Choreography Activities Choreography Task Choreography Sub-Process Call Choreography Activity Global Choreography Task Looping Activities The Sequencing of Activities Events Start Events Intermediate Events End Events Gateways Exclusive Gateway Event-Based Gateway Inclusive Gateway Parallel Gateway Complex Gateway Chaining Gateways Choreography within Collaboration XML Schema for Choreography BPMN Notation and Diagrams Diagram Interchange iv Business Process Modeling Notation, v2.0

11 13.2 BPMN Diagram Definition Library BPMN Diagram Definitions BPMN Node Definition BPMN Compartment Definitions BPMN Connectors BPMN Shapes BPMN Label BPMN Execution Semantics Process Instantiation and Termination Activities Sequence Flow Considerations Activity Task Sub-Process/Call Activity Ad-Hoc Sub-Process Loop Activity Multiple Instances Activity Gateways Parallel Gateway (Fork and Join) Inclusive Gateway (Inclusive Decision and Inclusive Merge) Event-based Gateway (Exclusive Decision (event-based)) Complex Gateway (related to Complex Condition and Complex Merge) Events Start Events Intermediate Events Intermediate Boundary Events Event Sub-Processes Compensation End Events Mapping BPMN Models to WS-BPEL Basic BPMN-BPEL Mapping Process Activities Events Gateways and Sequence Flow Handling Data Extended BPMN-BPEL Mapping End Events Loop/Switch Combinations From a Gateway Interleaved Loops Infinite Loops BPMN Elements that Span Multiple WSBPEL Sub-Elements Exchange Formats Interchanging Incomplete Models XSD XMI Business Process Modeling Notation, v2.0 v

12 16.4 XSLT Transformation between XSD and XMI Annex A: Changes from v Annex B: Diagram Interchange Annex C: Glossary vi Business Process Modeling Notation, v2.0

13 List of Figures Figure Example of a private Business Process 15 Figure Example of a public Process 16 Figure An example of a Collaborative Process 17 Figure An example of a Choreography 17 Figure An example of a Conversation diagram 18 Figure An example of a Collaboration diagram with black-box Pools 37 Figure An example of a stand-alone Choreography diagram 37 Figure An example of a stand-alone Process (Orchestration) diagram 38 Figure A representation of the BPMN Core and Layer Structure 39 Figure Class diagram showing the core packages 40 Figure Class diagram showing the organization of the core BPMN elements 41 Figure Definitions class diagram 42 Figure Classes in the Infrastructure package 45 Figure Extension class diagram 47 Figure External Relationship Metamodel 52 Figure Artifacts Metamodel 56 Figure An Association 57 Figure The Association Class Diagram 57 Figure A Directional Association 57 Figure An Association of Text Annotation 58 Figure A Group Artifact 59 Figure A Group around Activities in different Pools 59 Figure The Group class diagram 60 Figure A Text Annotation 61 Figure CallableElement class diagram 64 Figure The Correlation Class Diagram 66 Figure The ConversationAssociation class diagram 71 Figure Error class diagram 72 Figure Event class diagram 73 Figure Expression class diagram 74 Figure FlowElement class diagram 76 Figure FlowElementContainers class diagram 77 Figure Gateway class diagram 79 Figure InteractionSpecification class diagram 81 Figure ItemDefinition class diagram 82 Figure A Message 83 Figure A non-initiating Message 83 Figure Messages shown Associated with Message Flow 84 Figure Messages Association overlapping Message Flow 84 Figure Messages shown Associated with a Choreography Task 85 Figure Messages shown Associated with a Send Task 85 Figure The Message class diagram 86 Figure A Message Flow 87 Business Process Modeling Notation, v2.0 vii

14 Figure A Message Flow with an Attached Message 87 Figure A Message Flow passing through a Choreography Task 88 Figure The Message Flow Class Diagram 89 Figure MessageFlowAssociation class diagram 91 Figure The Participant Class Diagram 92 Figure A Pool with a Multiple Participant 94 Figure The Participant Multiplicity class diagram 94 Figure ParticipantAssociation class diagram 96 Figure Resource class diagram 97 Figure A Sequence Flow 98 Figure A Conditional Sequence Flow 98 Figure A Default Sequence Flow 99 Figure SequenceFlow class diagram 99 Figure The Service class diagram 107 Figure Classes in the Collaboration package 111 Figure A Pool 115 Figure Message Flow connecting to the boundaries of two Pools 115 Figure Message Flow connecting to Flow Objects within two Pools 116 Figure Main (Internal) Pool without boundaries 116 Figure A Pool with a Multi-Instance Participant Marker 117 Figure An example of a Choreography within a Collaboration 118 Figure Choreography within Collaboration class diagram 119 Figure An Example of a Process 121 Figure Process class diagram 122 Figure Process Details class diagram 123 Figure Example of a private Business Process 126 Figure Example of a public Process 126 Figure Activity class diagram 128 Figure The class diagram for assigning Resources 131 Figure A Task object 133 Figure Task markers 134 Figure The Task class diagram 135 Figure A Service Task Object 136 Figure The Service Task class diagram 136 Figure A Send Task Object 137 Figure The Send Task and Receive Task class diagram 138 Figure A Receive Task Object 140 Figure A User Task Object 141 Figure A Manual Task Object 141 Figure A Business Rule Task Object 142 Figure A Script Task Object 142 Figure Manual Task class diagram 144 Figure User Task class diagram 145 Figure HumanPerformer class diagram 147 Figure Procurement Process Example 150 viii Business Process Modeling Notation, v2.0

15 Figure A Sub-Process object (collapsed) 153 Figure A Sub-Process object (expanded) 153 Figure Expanded Sub-Process used as a Parallel Box 154 Figure Collapsed Sub-Process Markers 154 Figure The Sub-Process class diagram 155 Figure An Event Sub-Process object (Collapsed) 156 Figure An Event Sub-Process object (expanded) 157 Figure An example that includes Event Sub-Processes 158 Figure A Transaction Sub-Process 159 Figure A collapsed Ad-Hoc Sub-Process 161 Figure An expanded Ad-Hoc Sub-Process 161 Figure An Ad-Hoc Sub-Process for writing a book chapter 163 Figure An Ad-Hoc Sub-Process with data and sequence dependencies 164 Figure A Call Activity object calling a Global Task 165 Figure A Call Activity object calling a Process (Collapsed) 165 Figure A Call Activity object calling a Process (Expanded) 165 Figure The Call Activity class diagram 166 Figure Global Tasks class diagram 167 Figure LoopCharacteristics class diagram 168 Figure A Task object with a Standard Loop Marker 169 Figure A Sub-Process object with a Standard Loop Marker 169 Figure Activity Multi-Instance marker for parallel instances 170 Figure Activity Multi-Instance marker for sequential instances 171 Figure ItemAware class diagram 183 Figure DataObject class diagram 184 Figure A DataObject 185 Figure A DataObject that is a collection 185 Figure A Data Store 187 Figure DataStore class diagram 187 Figure Property class diagram 189 Figure InputOutputSpecification class diagram 190 Figure A DataInput 191 Figure Data Input class diagram 192 Figure A Data Output 193 Figure Data Output class diagram 194 Figure InputSet class diagram 196 Figure OutputSet class diagram 198 Figure DataAssociation class diagram 200 Figure A Data Association 200 Figure A Data Association used for an Outputs and Inputs into an Activities 200 Figure A Data Object shown as an output and an inputs 202 Figure A Data Object associated with a Sequence Flow 203 Figure The Event Class Diagram 210 Figure Start Event 214 Figure End Event 222 Figure Intermediate Event 226 Figure EventDefinition Class Diagram 238 Business Process Modeling Notation, v2.0 ix

16 Figure Cancel Events 239 Figure Compensation Events 239 Figure CompensationEventDefinition Class Diagram 240 Figure Conditional Events 241 Figure ErrorEventDefinition Class Diagram 242 Figure Error Events 242 Figure EscalationEventDefinition Class Diagram 243 Figure Escalation Events 244 Figure Link Events 244 Figure Link Events Used as Off-Page Connector 245 Figure Process with Long Sequence Flow 246 Figure Process with Link Intermediate Events Used as Go To Objects 246 Figure Link Events Used for looping 247 Figure MessageEventDefinition Class Diagram 247 Figure Message Events 248 Figure Multiple Events 248 Figure None Events 249 Figure Multiple Events 249 Figure SignalEventDefinition Class Diagram 250 Figure Signal Events 250 Figure Terminate Event 250 Figure Timer Events 251 Figure Exclusive start of a Process 252 Figure A Process initiated by an Event-Based Gateway 252 Figure Event synchronization at Process start 253 Figure Example of inline Event Handling via Event Sub-Processes 254 Figure Example of boundary Event Handling 255 Figure A Gateway 263 Figure The Different types of Gateways 264 Figure Gateway class diagram 265 Figure An Exclusive Data-Based Decision (Gateway) Example without the Internal Indicator 266 Figure A Data-Based Exclusive Decision (Gateway) Example with the Internal Indicator 267 Figure Exclusive Gateway class diagram 267 Figure An example using an Inclusive Gateway 268 Figure Inclusive Gateway class diagram 269 Figure An example using an Parallel Gateway 270 Figure An example of a synchronizing Parallel Gateway 270 Figure Parallel Gateway class diagram 271 Figure An example using a Complex Gateway 272 Figure Complex Gateway class diagram 273 Figure Event-Based Gateway 274 Figure An Event-Based Gateway example using Message Intermediate Events 275 Figure An Event-Based Gateway example using Receive Tasks 275 Figure Exclusive Event-Based Gateway to start a Process 276 Figure Parallel Event-Based Gateway to start a Process 276 Figure Event-Based Gateway class diagram 277 Figure Compensation through a boundary Event 280 x Business Process Modeling Notation, v2.0

17 Figure Monitoring Class Diagram 281 Figure Two Lanes in a Vertical Pool 283 Figure Two Lanes in a horizontal Pool 283 Figure An Example of Nested Lanes 284 Figure The Lane class diagram 285 Figure One Process supporting to another 287 Figure Auditing Class Diagram 288 Figure Monitoring Class Diagram 289 Figure A Conversation diagram 293 Figure A Conversation diagram where the Conversation is expanded into Message Flow 294 Figure Conversation diagram depicting several conversations between Participants in a related domain 295 Figure Conversational view choreographies 296 Figure The Conversation Metamodel 297 Figure A ConversationContainer element 299 Figure A Communication element 300 Figure A compound Conversation element 301 Figure A Call Conversation calling a GlobalCommunication 301 Figure A Call Conversation calling a Conversation 301 Figure A Conversation Link element 303 Figure Where Conversation Links are derived in the metamodel 303 Figure The Choreography metamodel 308 Figure An example of a Choreography 310 Figure A Collaboration diagram logistics example 311 Figure The corresponding Choreography diagram logistics example 312 Figure The use of Sequence Flow in a Choreography 313 Figure The metamodel segment for a Choreography Activity 315 Figure A Collaboration view of Choreography Task elements 316 Figure A Choreography Task 316 Figure A Choreography Task 317 Figure A two-way Choreography Task 317 Figure A Choreography Task 318 Figure Choreography Task Markers 319 Figure The Collaboration view of a looping Choreography Task 319 Figure The Collaboration view of a Multi-Instance Choreography Task 320 Figure A Choreography Task with a multiple Participant 320 Figure A Collaboration view of a Choreography Task with a multiple Participant 321 Figure A Choreography Sub-Process 322 Figure A Collaboration view of a Choreography Sub-Process 322 Figure An expanded Choreography Sub-Process 323 Figure A Collaboration view of an expanded Choreography Sub-Process 323 Figure Choreography Sub-Process (Collapsed) with More than Two (2) Participants 324 Figure Choreography Sub-Process Markers 325 Figure Choreography Sub-Process Markers 325 Figure A Call Choreography Activity calling a Global Choreography Task 326 Figure A Call Choreography Activity calling a Choreography (Collapsed) 326 Business Process Modeling Notation, v2.0 xi

18 Figure A Call Choreography Activity calling a Choreography (expanded) 327 Figure The Call Choreography Activity class diagram 327 Figure A valid sequence of Choreography Activities 329 Figure The corresponding Collaboration for a valid Choreography sequence 330 Figure A valid sequence of Choreography Activities with a two-way Activity 330 Figure The corresponding Collaboration for a valid Choreography sequence with a two-way Activity 331 Figure An invalid sequence of Choreography Activities 331 Figure The corresponding Collaboration for an invalid Choreography sequence 332 Figure An example of the Exclusive Gateway 339 Figure The relationship of Choreography Activity Participants across the sides of the Exclusive Gateway shown through a Collaboration 340 Figure Different Receiving Choreography Activity Participants on the output sides of the Exclusive Gateway 341 Figure The corresponding Collaboration view of the above Choreography Exclusive Gateway configuration 342 Figure An example of an Event Gateway 343 Figure The corresponding Collaboration view of the above Choreography Event Gateway configuration 344 Figure An example of a Choreography Inclusive Gateway configuration 346 Figure The corresponding Collaboration view of the above Choreography Inclusive Gateway configuration 347 Figure An example of a Choreography Inclusive Gateway configuration 348 Figure The corresponding Collaboration view of the above Choreography Inclusive Gateway configuration 349 Figure Another example of a Choreography Inclusive Gateway configuration 350 Figure The corresponding Collaboration view of the above Choreography Inclusive Gateway configuration 351 Figure The relationship of Choreography Activity Participants across the sides of the Parallel Gateway 352 Figure The corresponding Collaboration view of the above Choreography Parallel Gateway configuration 353 Figure An example of a Choreography Complex Gateway configuration 354 Figure The corresponding Collaboration view of the above Choreography Complex Gateway configuration 355 Figure An example of a Choreography Process combined with Black Box Pools 356 Figure An example of a Choreography Process combined with Pools that contain Processes 357 Figure BPMN Diagram Definitions 362 Figure BPMN Compartment Definitions 365 Figure A Pool 366 Figure Lanes within a Pool 367 Figure BPMN Connectors class diagram 368 Figure A Sequence Flow 369 Figure A Data Association 369 Figure A Message Flow 370 Figure Associations 370 Figure Compensation Flow from a Compensation Intermediate Event 371 Figure BPMN Shapes class diagram 372 Figure An Activity 372 xii Business Process Modeling Notation, v2.0

19 Figure A Gateway 373 Figure The Gateway shape class diagram 373 Figure An Event 374 Figure The Event shape class diagram 374 Figure A Data Object 374 Figure A Collection Data Object 375 Figure The Data Object shape class diagram 375 Figure A Data Object 375 Figure The Data Store shape class diagram 376 Figure A Data Input 376 Figure A Collection Data Input 376 Figure The Data Input shape class diagram 377 Figure A Data Output 377 Figure A Collection Data Output 377 Figure The Data Output shape class diagram 378 Figure A Message 378 Figure The Message shape class diagram 378 Figure A Choreography Task 379 Figure The Choreography Task shape class diagram 379 Figure A Group 380 Figure The Group shape class diagram 380 Figure A Text Annotation 381 Figure The Text Annotation shape class diagram 381 Figure A Sub-Process object (collapsed) 381 Figure A Sub-Process object (expanded) 382 Figure The Sub-Process shape class diagram 382 Figure A Call Activity object calling a Process (Collapsed) 383 Figure A Call Activity object calling a Process (Expanded) 383 Figure The Call Activity shape class diagram 384 Figure A Communication shape 385 Figure The ConversationCommunication shape class diagram 385 Figure A Sub-Conversation shape 385 Figure The SubConversation shape class diagram 386 Figure A Call Conversation object calling a GlobalCommunicatio 386 Figure A Call Conversation object calling a Conversation 386 Figure The CallConversation shape class diagram 387 Figure The BPMN Label class diagram 387 Figure Behavior of multiple outgoing sequence flow of an Activity 391 Figure The Lifecycle of a BPMN Activity 392 Figure Merging and Branching Sequence Flow for a Parallel Gateway 398 Figure Merging and Branching Sequence Flow for an Exclusive Gateway 399 Figure Merging and Branching Sequence Flow for an Inclusive Gateway 400 Figure Merging and branching Sequence Flow for an Event-Based Gateway 401 Figure Merging and branching Sequence Flow for a Complex Gateway 402 Figure A BPMN orchestration process and its block hierarchy 410 Business Process Modeling Notation, v2.0 xiii

20 Figure An example of distributed token recombination 433 Figure An example of a loop from a decision with more than two alternative paths 434 Figure An example of interleaved loops 435 Figure An example of the WSBPEL pattern for substituting for the derived Process 436 Figure An example of a WSBPEL pattern for the derived Process 436 Figure An example An infinite loop 437 Figure An example - Activity that spans two paths of a WSBPEL structured element 438 Figure B.1 - The relationship between DI, DD and a BPMN s abstract-syntax metamodels 444 Figure B.2 - Diagram Interchange (DI) Metamodel 444 Figure B.3 - Various points of a Connector 448 Figure B.4 - Diagram Definition (DD) Metamodel 451 xiv Business Process Modeling Notation, v2.0

21 List of Tables Table Types of BPMN Conformance 6 Table 7.1 Basic Modeling Elements 21 Table 7.2 BPMN Extended Modeling Elements 23 Table 7.3 Sequence Flow Connection Rules 35 Table 7.4 Message Flow Connection Rules 36 Table 8.1 Definitions attributes and model associations 43 Table 8.2 Import attributes 44 Table 8.3 Definitions XML schema 44 Table 8.4 Import XML schema 44 Table 8.5 BaseElement attributes and model associations 46 Table 8.6 Documentation attributes 46 Table 8.7 Extension attributes and model associations 48 Table 8.8 ExtensionDefinition attributes and model associations 48 Table 8.9 ExtensionAttributeDefinition attributes 49 Table 8.10 ExtensionAttributeValue model associations 49 Table 8.11 Extension XML schema 49 Table 8.12 Example Core XML schema 50 Table 8.13 Example Extension XML schema 50 Table 8.14 Sample XML instance 50 Table 8.15 Relationship attributes 52 Table 8.16 Reengineer XML schema 53 Table 8.17 BaseElement XML schema 53 Table 8.18 RootElement XML schema 54 Table 8.19 Relationship XML schema 54 Table 8.20 Association attributes and model associations 58 Table 8.21 Group model associations 60 Table 8.22 Category model associations 61 Table 8.23 CategoryValue attributes and model associations 61 Table 8.24 Text Annotation attributes 62 Table 8.25 Artifact XML schema 62 Table 8.26 Association XML schema 62 Table 8.27 Category XML schema 62 Table 8.28 Group XML schema 63 Table 8.29 Text Annotation XML schema 63 Table 8.30 CallableElement attributes and model associations 64 Table 8.31 InputOutputBinding model associations 65 Table 8.32 CorrelationKey model associations 67 Table 8.33 CorrelationProperty model associations 67 Table 8.34 CorrelationPropertyRetrievalExpression model associations 68 Table 8.35 CorrelationSubscription model associations 68 Table 8.36 CorrelationPropertyBinding model associations 69 Business Process Modeling Notation, v2.0 xv

22 Table 8.37 Correlation Key XML schema 69 Table 8.38 Correlation Property XML schema 69 Table 8.39 Correlation Property Binding XML schema 70 Table 8.40 Correlation Property Retrieval Expression XML schema 70 Table 8.41 Correlation Subscription XML schema 70 Table 8.42 ConversationAssociation Model Associations 72 Table 8.43 Error model associations 73 Table 8.44 FormalExpression attributes and model associations 75 Table 8.45 FlowElement attributes and model associations 77 Table 8.46 FlowElementsContainer model associations 78 Table 8.47 Gateway attributes 80 Table 8.48 InteractionSpecification attributes and model associations 81 Table 8.49 ItemDefinition attributes & model associations 83 Table 8.50 Message attributes and model associations 86 Table 8.51 Message Flow attributes and model associations 90 Table 8.52 MessageFlowAssociation attributes and model associations 91 Table 8.53 Participant attributes and model associations 93 Table 8.54 PartnerEntity attributes 93 Table 8.55 PartnerRole attributes 94 Table 8.56 ParticipantMultiplicity attributes 95 Table 8.57 ParticipantMultiplicity Instance attributes 95 Table 8.58 ParticipantAssociation model associations 96 Table 8.59 Resource attributes and model associations 97 Table 8.60 ResourceParameter attributes and model associations 98 Table 8.61 SequenceFlow attributes and model associations 100 Table 8.62 FlowNode model associations 101 Table 8.63 CallableElement XML schema 101 Table 8.64 ConversationAssociation XML schema 101 Table 8.65 Error XML schema 102 Table 8.66 Expression XML schema 102 Table 8.67 FlowElement XML schema 102 Table 8.68 FlowNode XML schema 103 Table 8.69 FormalExpression XML schema 103 Table 8.70 InputOutputBinding XML schema 103 Table 8.71 ItemDefinition XML schema 103 Table 8.72 Message XML schema 104 Table 8.73 MessageFlow XML schema 104 Table 8.74 MessageFlowAssociation XML schema 104 Table 8.75 Participant XML schema 105 Table 8.76 ParticipantAssociation XML schema 105 Table 8.77 PartnerEntity XML schema 105 Table 8.78 PartnerRole XML schema 106 Table 8.79 Resources XML schema 106 Table 8.80 SequenceFlow XML schema 106 Table 8.81 Interface attributes and model associations 108 Table 8.82 Operation attributes and model associations 108 Table 8.83 interface XML schema 109 xvi Business Process Modeling Notation, v2.0

23 Table 8.84 operation XML schema 109 Table 8.85 endpoint XML schema 109 Table 9.1 Collaboration Attributes and Model Associations 112 Table 9.2 Collaboration XML schema 119 Table 10.1 Process Attributes & Model Associations 124 Table 10.2 Process Instance Attributes 125 Table 10.3 Activity attributes and model associations 129 Table 10.4 Activity instance attributes 130 Table 10.5 ActivityResource model associations 132 Table 10.6 ResourceAssignmentExpression model associations 132 Table 10.7 ResourceParameterBinding model associations 133 Table 10.8 Service Task model associations 137 Table 10.9 Send Task model associations 139 Table Receive Task attributes and model associations 140 Table Business Rule Task attributes and model associations 142 Table Script Task attributes 143 Table User Task attributes and model associations 146 Table User Task Instance attributes 146 Table ManualTask XML schema 147 Table UserTask XML schema 148 Table HumanPerformer XML schema 149 Table PotentialOwner XML schema 149 Table XML serialization of Buyer process 150 Table Sub-Process attributes 155 Table Transaction Sub-Process attributes and model associations 160 Table Ad-hoc Sub-Process model associations 162 Table CallActivity model associations 166 Table Loop Activity Instance attributes 169 Table StandardLoopCharacteristics attributes and model associations 170 Table MultiInstanceLoopCharacteristics attributes and model associations 171 Table Multi-instance Activity Instance attributes 173 Table ComplexBehaviorDefinition attributes and model associations 174 Table Activity XML schema 174 Table ActivityResource XML schema 175 Table AdHocSubProcess XML schema 175 Table BusinessRuleTask XML schema 176 Table CallActivity XML schema 176 Table GlobalBusinessRuleTask XML schema 176 Table GlobalScriptTask XML schema 176 Table LoopCharacteristics XML schema 177 Table MultiInstanceLoopCharacteristics XML schema 178 Table ReceiveTask XML schema 179 Table ScriptTask XML schema 179 Table SendTask XML schema 180 Table ServiceTask XML schema 180 Business Process Modeling Notation, v2.0 xvii

24 Table StandardLoopCharacteristics XML schema 180 Table SubProcess XML schema 181 Table Task XML schema 181 Table Transaction XML schema 181 Table ItemAwareElement model associations 183 Table DataObject attributes 184 Table DataState attributes and model associations 185 Table Data Store attributes 188 Table Data Store attributes 188 Table Property attributes 189 Table InputOutputSpecification Attributes and Model Associations 191 Table DataInput attributes and model associations 193 Table DataOutput attributes and associations 195 Table InputSet attributes and model associations 197 Table OutputSet attributes and model associations 199 Table DataAssociation model associations 201 Table Assignment attributes 202 Table XPath Extension Function for Data Objects 204 Table XPath Extension Function for Data Inputs and Data Outputs 204 Table XPath Extension Functions for Properties 205 Table XPath Extension Functions for Instance Attributes 205 Table Assignment XML schema 206 Table DataAssociation XML schema 206 Table DataInput XML schema 206 Table DataInputAssociation XML schema 207 Table InputOutputSpecification XML schema 207 Table DataObject XML schema 207 Table DataState XML schema 207 Table DataOutput XML schema 208 Table DataOutputAssociation XML schema 208 Table InputSet XML schema 208 Table OutputSet XML schema 209 Table Property XML schema 209 Table CatchEvent attributes and model associations 212 Table ThrowEvent attributes and model associations 213 Table Top-Level Process Start Event Types 216 Table Sub-Process Start Event Types 217 Table Event Sub-Process Start Event Types 218 Table Start Event attributes 220 Table End Event Types 223 Table Intermediate Event Types in Normal Flow 227 Table Intermediate Event Types Attached to an Activity Boundary 230 Table Boundary Event attributes 234 Table Possible Values of the cancel Activity Attribute 234 Table Types of Events and their Markers 237 Table CompensationEventDefinition attributes and model associations 241 Table ConditionalEventDefinition model associations 242 xviii Business Process Modeling Notation, v2.0

25 Table ErrorEventDefinition attributes and model associations 243 Table EscalationEventDefinition attributes and model associations 244 Table LinkEventDefinition attributes 247 Table MessageEventDefinition model associations 248 Table SignalEventDefinition model associations 250 Table TimerEventDefinition model associations 251 Table BoundaryEvent XML schema 258 Table CancelEventDefinition XML schema 258 Table CatchEvent XML schema 258 Table CancelEventDefinition XML schema 259 Table CompensateEventDefinition XML schema 259 Table ConditionalEventDefinition XML schema 259 Table ErrorEventDefinition XML schema 259 Table Escalation XML schema 260 Table EscalationEventDefinition XML schema 260 Table Event XML schema 260 Table EventDefinition XML schema 260 Table IntermediateCatchEvent XML schema 260 Table IntermediateThrowEvent XML schema 261 Table LinkEventDefinition XML schema 261 Table MessageEventDefinition XML schema 261 Table Signal XML schema 261 Table SignalEventDefinition XML schema 262 Table StartEvent XML schema 262 Table TerminateEventDefinition XML schema 262 Table ThrowEvent XML schema 262 Table TimerEventDefinition XML schema 263 Table ExclusiveGateway Attributes & Model Associations 268 Table InclusiveGateway Attributes & Model Associations 269 Table Complex Gateway model associations 273 Table Instance Attributes related to the Complex Gateway 274 Table EventBasedGateway Attributes & Model Associations 278 Table ComplexGateway XML schema 278 Table EventBasedGateway XML schema 278 Table ExclusiveGateway XML schema 279 Table Gateway XML schema 279 Table InclusiveGateway XML schema 279 Table ParallelGateway XML schema 279 Table LaneSet attributes and model associations 285 Table Lane attributes and model associations 286 Table Process XML schema 289 Table Auditing XML schema 290 Table GlobalTask XML schema 290 Table Lane XML schema 290 Table LaneSet XML schema 291 Table Monitoring XML schema 291 Table Performer XML schema 291 Business Process Modeling Notation, v2.0 xix

26 Table 11.1 Conversation Model Associations 298 Table 11.2 ConversationContainer Model Associations 299 Table 11.3 ConversationNode Model Associations 300 Table 11.4 Communication Model Associations 300 Table 11.5 Sub-Conversation Model Associations 301 Table 11.6 Communication Model Associations 302 Table 11.7 GlobalCommunication Model Associations 302 Table 11.8 Call Conversation XML schema 303 Table 11.9 Communication XML schema 304 Table Conversation XML schema 304 Table Conversation Node XML schema 304 Table Global Communication XML schema 305 Table Sub-Conversation XML schema 305 Table 12.1 Choreography Model Associations 309 Table 12.2 Choreography Activity Model Associations 315 Table 12.3 Choreography Task Model Associations 321 Table 12.4 Call Choreography Activity Model Associations 328 Table 12.5 Global Choreography Task Model Associations 328 Table 12.6 Use of Start Events in Choreography 333 Table 12.7 Use of Intermediate Events in Choreography 334 Table 12.8 Use of End Events in Choreography 337 Table 12.9 Choreography XML schema 357 Table GlobalChoreographyTask XML schema 358 Table ChoreographyActivity XML schema 358 Table ChoreographyTask XML schema 358 Table CallChoreographyActivity XML schema 359 Table ChoreographySubProcess XML schema 359 Table 13.1 ProcessDiagram children 363 Table 13.2 CollaborationDiagram children 363 Table 13.3 ChoreographyDiagram children 364 Table 13.4 Conversation children 364 Table 13.5 BPMNNode styles 365 Table 13.6 BPMNCompartment styles 366 Table 13.7 PoolCompartment children 366 Table 13.8 LaneCompartment children 367 Table 13.9 ChoreographyCompartment children 368 Table BPMNConnector children 369 Table EmbeddedSubProcessShape styles 383 Table EmbeddedSubProcessShape children 383 Table CalledSubProcessShape styles 384 Table 14.1 Parallel Gateway Execution Semantics 398 Table 14.2 Exclusive Gateway Execution Semantics 400 Table 14.3 Inclusive Gateway Execution Semantics 401 xx Business Process Modeling Notation, v2.0

27 Table 14.4 Event-Based Gateway Execution Semantics 402 Table 14.5 Semantics of the Complex Gateway 403 Table 15.1 Common Activity Mappings to WS-BPEL 412 Table 15.2 Expressions mapping to WS-BPEL 432 Table B.1 View attributes and model associations 446 Table B.2 Diagram attributes and model associations 447 Table B.3 Node attributes and model associations 447 Table B.4 Connector attributes and model associations 448 Table B.5 Bendpoint attributes and model associations 449 Table B.6 Style attributes and model associations 449 Table B.7 NamedElement attributes 451 Table B.8 Package model associations 452 Table B.9 ViewDefinition attributes and model associations 453 Table B.10 NamedElement model associations 454 Table B.11 ChildDefinition attributes and model associations 455 Table B.12 StyleDefinition attributes and model associations 455 Table B.13 Constraint attributes and model associations 456 Business Process Modeling Notation, v2.0 xxi

28 xxii Business Process Modeling Notation, v2.0

29 Preface About the Object Management Group OMG Founded in 1989, the Object Management Group, Inc. (OMG) is an open membership, not-for-profit computer industry standards consortium that produces and maintains computer industry specifications for interoperable, portable and reusable enterprise applications in distributed, heterogeneous environments. Membership includes Information Technology vendors, end users, government agencies and academia. OMG member companies write, adopt, and maintain its specifications following a mature, open process. OMG's specifications implement the Model Driven Architecture (MDA ), maximizing ROI through a full-lifecycle approach to enterprise integration that covers multiple operating systems, programming languages, middleware and networking infrastructures, and software development environments. OMG's specifications include: UML (Unified Modeling Language ); CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture); CWM (Common Warehouse Metamodel); and industry-specific standards for dozens of vertical markets. More information on the OMG is available at OMG Specifications As noted, OMG specifications address middleware, modeling and vertical domain frameworks. A catalog of all OMG Specifications is available from the OMG website at: Specifications within the Catalog are organized by the following categories: OMG Modeling Specifications UML MOF XMI CWM Profile specifications. OMG Middleware Specifications CORBA/IIOP IDL/Language Mappings Specialized CORBA specifications CORBA Component Model (CCM) Platform Specific Model and Interface Specifications CORBAservices Business Process Modeling Notation, v1.2 xxiii