Examples ofWP6 Smart Metering and Energy Efficient measurements

Transcription

1 MED Programme Priority Objective 2 2: Promotion and renewable energy and improvement of energy efficiency Contract n. IS MED Experimentation plan on partners territory for smart metering in LIH Author: Jozef Stefan Jozef Stefan Institute / Energy Efficiency Centre (JSI EEC) Supported by Project cofinancé par le Fonds Européen de Développement Régional (FEDER) Project cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)

2 FOREWORD ELIH MED (Energy efficiency in Low Income Housing in the Mediterranean) is a strategic project co financed under the MED Programme. Its attention is focused on energy efficiency in low income housing (LIH) in the Mediterranean area and on the involvement of residents in energy retrofit in LIH in order to help LED area to reach EU2020 objectives. The Med Programme is an EU transnational cooperation programme among the Territorial Cooperation objective of the EU Cohesion Policy. Project ELIH Med (Energy Efficiency in Low Income Housing in the Mediterranean) is one of projects supported by the European Commission under the frame work of the Med Programme Objective 2.2. ELIH Med partners come from 7 countries (Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Spain and Slovania), covering the whole Northern Mediterranean (MED) seacoast are working together to improve energy efficiency and promote energy saving in low income housing (LIH) in MED area. Athough the concept of Low Income Housing (LIH) varies from one country to another, it can be defined taking into account a representative sample of the target population which includes three different segments: owner occupiers and tenants of private housing with low income households suffering energy poverty tenants of traditional 'social houses' The main objective of the ELIH Med is to identify and test, through large scale actions, the feasibility of cost efficient innovative technical solutions and financial mechanisms backed with ERDF (European Regional Development Fund) which could then be extended to all Mediterranean territories, taking into consideration the differences of the region in comparison to the rest of Europe. ELIH MED main actions consist of: development of integrated policies to promote energy efficiency in LIH in the Mediterranean through project result capitalisation implementation of a large scale pilot experimentation of technical and financial solutions in 1004 low incoming dwellings to improve buidling energy efficiency promotion of intelligent energy management systems at local and regional level through the experimentation of multi energy smart meters in 243 low incoming dwellings 2 with expected results: development of strstegies and policies that address energy effiecncy in LIH elaboration of an Operational Plan for a coordinated policy in the application of strucrual funds for energy effieicy in LIH identification of finalcial and technical mechanisms adapoted to LIH, to be deployed in the Meditterean area to improve energy consumption habits and reduce ebergy bills thanks to smart metering For further information about the project results, visit the web site: med.eu

3 Coordinator Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development (ENEA) Co coordinator Agency for sustainable Mediterranean cities and territories (AVITEM) Project Partners Cyprus Energy Agency (CEA) Group for the Environment, Renewable Energy and Solidarity (GERES) Malta Intelligent Energy Management Agency (MIEMA) Comune di Genova (Comune di Genova) Languedoc Roussillon Regional Council (Languedoc Roussillon Region) Istituto per la promozione dell'innovazione tecnologica (ISNOVA) LAORE Sardegna Regional Agency for develop in Agriculture (LAORE) Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (CSTB) Region of East Macedonia and Thrace (REMTH) Valencia Institute of Building Foundation Comunitat Valenciana (IVE) "Jožef Stefan" Institute Energy Efficiency Centre (JSI) Malaga City Council (Malaga City Council) Centre for Renewable Energy Sources and Saving (CRES) Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH) Conference of Peripheral Maritime Regions of Europe (CRPM) 13 Habitat (13habitat) Comune di Frattamaggiore (Frattamaggiore ) 3 Contact details ENEA Anna Moreno Casaccia 301 Via Anguillarese, Rome, Italy Tel: Mail: fad@enea.it / anna.moreno@enea.it AVITEM 5 place de la Joliette CS 90113, MARSEILLE Cedex 02 Tel : Mail : m.dioudonnat@avitem.org; l.leveque@avitem.org

4 The sole responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. Neither the MED JTS nor the European Commission is responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. 4

5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronym List Introduction Properties of selected dwellings Economic aspects Social aspects Technical aspects Nature and frequency of interactions Before installation Smart meters installation Monitoring Evaluation Interactions and stakeholders Measurements of performance and impact on energy consumption Data collection Evaluation Quantification of energy savings induced by behavior change Implementation and test of new functionalities Smart meter Consumption feedback Direct feedback Indirect feedback Demand response and home automation Time of Use Home automation Conclusions and recommendations ANNEX I Dwelling Properties matrix ANNEX II Survey questionnaire

6 ACRONYM LIST AC Air Condition AMI Advanced Metering Infrastructure AMM Automatic Meter Management AMR Automated Meter Reading APP Applications CHP Combined Heat and Power CPP Critical Peak Pricing CPR Critical Peak Rebate DCC Data and Communication Company DHW Domestic hot water DSM Demand Side Management EE Energy Efficiency ELIH Med Energy Efficiency in Low Income Housing in the Mediterranean EMS Energy Management Services ESCO Energy Service Company esesh Saving Energy in Social Housing ESMA European Smart Metering Alliance ESMIG European Smart Metering Industry Group GSM Global System for Mobile communications GPRS General packet radio service HAN Home Automation Network ICT Information and Communications technology IHD In Home Display kwh kilo Watt Hour LIH Low Income Housing NGO Non Government Organization PC Personal Computer PLC Power line communication RES Reusable Energy Source RESC Retail Energy Supply Company (electricity retailer) RTP Real Time Pricing TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol TOU Time Of Use USB Universal Serial Bus WP 1 6 Work Package 1 6 PPCG Pilot project collaborative group TMG Territorial management group 6

7 3. INTRODUCTION Aim of WP6 smart metering experiment is enabling a step change in energy efficiency by providing LIH consumers with information to help them reduce the amount of used energy. This will be enabled by new functionalities and services supported by smart metering, providing advanced energy metering suited to LIH consumers needs. Proposed experimentation plan for smart metering in LIH is putting consumers' interests at the front of the experiment. This involves education and engagement of consumers to better manage their energy use, to raise awareness and understanding of the benefits that smart metering is enabling. Experimentation plan initially defines the desired characteristics of selected dwellings to achieve representative samples of LIH where smart metering experimentation will be conducted. Installations of smart metering equipment in WP5 pilots will meet the LIH requirements already set in WP4 and WP5. As not all refurbished dwellings will be equipped with smart metering, the introduced set of characteristics and properties will help to ensure that representative samples of LIH are included in WP6 experiment. Nature and frequency of interactions with consumers for a coordinated return of experience is divided into four time periods of experimentation plan. These periods can be distinguished as separate phases of smart metering experimentation including period before smart metering equipment installation, installation, monitoring period and the closure of experiment with evaluation of final data. Each phase will have its important role to help consumers understand how they can use the information provided by smart metering to manage their energy consumption effectively and to save energy. Additional emphasis is given towards cooperation with WP2 awareness campaign. 7 Monitoring and review of the experimentation progress of multi energy smart metering in LIH in the Mediterranean area will include the consumer experience of the process, new functionalities and services. Focus will be on energy and consumption cost savings as a result of change of behavior on the basis of thorough consumption feedback. Measurements of performance and impact on energy consumption will be evaluated on the basis of historical consumption data, time of use and on the basis of consumption and behavioral changes after smart metering equipment installation. Additional external parameters will be monitored for statistical analysis and proper consideration of external circumstances. Experimentation plan is further focusing on the implementation and test of new smart metering functionalities concerning reduction in overall energy consumption. This is a result of better information about costs and use of energy which drives behavioral change and energy costs reduction as a result of shift of energy demand from peak times to off peak times. The most visible part of the smart metering experiment for LIH consumers will be smart meter together with metering equipment installation and informative billing of actual consumption. Additional means of providing real time consumption data are implemented in the form of interactive web page, event notification and IHD.

8 Demand response and home automation functionalities focus on the exploitation of Time of Use pricing scheme, where consumers are encouraged into using electricity during off peak periods when consumption and prices are lower. Additional energy consumption reduction will be experimented through lightning regulation, where automatic switch off timers and motion sensors for lightning regulation will be installed. 4. PROPERTIES OF SELECTED DWELLINGS The smart metering experimentation must be conducted in representative samples of LIH in partners territory (Mediterranean). Smart meters can be installed in the same dwellings which are refurbished in WP5, but it is not compulsory. The following recommendations have been given: - Recommendation of the 1 st technical committee meeting was to install additional smart meters in dwellings that are not in the pilots of the WP5. - The decision of 2 nd steering committee was to include appropriate dwellings at each operational partner which correspond to WP5 pilots, but are not designed for refurbishment, where possible. Those dwellings should have similar characteristics as WP5 pilots social (LIH) and technical (typology). - Another recommendation of 2 nd steering meeting was to seek utility (Enel) cooperation in Italy, to include already installed smart meters (by Enel) in smart metering experimentation on WP5 pilot projects in Italy. 8 Installations of smart metering equipment in WP5 pilots will meet the LIH requirements already set in WP4 and WP5. As not all refurbished dwellings will be equipped with smart metering, the introduced set of characteristics and properties will help to ensure that representative samples of LIH are included in WP6 experiment. On the other hand, all refurbished dwellings will have energy efficiency monitoring implemented in the scope of WP5. To clarify the distinction between smart metering and consumption monitoring, the following definition of smart metering is used: Smart Metering is a technology where end use energy efficiency can particularly be encouraged through its impact on tenants behavior. Smart Meters can give consumers, at an affordable cost, clear and comprehensive information about their energy consumption and, giving them better information, can help consumers become more energy efficient. Smart Metering is often called Advanced Metering and term Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is widely used as a synonym for a system that records customer consumption and other parameters with bidirectional communication between utility and its clients. Such system gives support for functions like management of contracts and control of the demanded power. Smart Metering is basically the remote and automatic operation of meters and other devices to improve the efficiency of the power system and quality of service. It implies a new relation model between the utility and its clients, using telecommunications to interchange information between the utility and the devices installed in every supply. Smart Metering should add value to the service, giving better information to the customers and optimizing the use of the demanded power and consumed energy.

9 Installations of smart metering equipment in dwellings which are not included in WP5 pilots must meet the same LIH requirements as set in WP4 and WP5 for WP5 pilots. The set of characteristics and properties which define the representative samples of LIH where the experimentation will be conducted are grouped in three subtopics: - Economic aspects; - Social aspects; - Technical aspects. Each group of characteristics is covering specific aspects of LIH which are relative to smart metering experiment and its final evaluation. The selected dwellings should comply with the matrix of properties from each group to ensure inclusion of representative samples of LIH in the smart metering experiment. Characteristics of properties matrix are the following: - The matrix is not deterministic in the sense, that all defined characteristics and properties must be met by selected dwelling; - Some of properties are meant for dwellings involved only in WP6 experiment use of logical operators (AND, OR) between individual properties in the matrix; - Poll of selected dwellings should try to cover all properties defined in the properties matrix; - The properties matrix does not involve geographical criteria as operational partners territory will be used for smart metering experimentation (as in WP5 pilots). 9 Properties matrix shall be fulfilled through survey before metering equipment installation as described in chapter Nature and frequency of interactions. Full properties matrix is presented in ANNEX I Dwelling Properties matrix Economic aspects These are economic characteristics that define the dwellings in LIH category. The premise of Low income housing definition is as follows: Low Income generally refers to households who usually do not have sufficient resources to have an easy access to credit or capital in order to invest in energy efficiency, and need, for that reason, innovative policies to help them reduce their energy consumption. As not only social housings should be included, broader set of aspects must be considered, which are presented in the following LIH characteristics. The first criteria may not be applicable to all partner countries and thresholds may wary: 1. If minimal income which defines the boundary of social security (poverty) is defined in partner country, this value is used as one of LIH criteria. If total household income is less than 10% above the minimal income, it can be treated as LIH. I.e. in Slovenia The annual risk of poverty threshold in 2010 for one member household was 7,042 EUR. The net income of people who lived below the poverty line was thus

10 below 587 EUR per equivalent adult per month. Family of four with two adults and two children under 14 years of age had to have at least 1,232 EUR net monthly incomes to be above the poverty line in In this case all households (two adults and two children) with total income below EUR (+10%) are treated as LIH. 2. Households in a state of energy poverty income percentage used for household energy costs is above 10%. 3. Household was a recipient of regular or extraordinary social help in last year. 4. Tenants of traditional social houses. NOTE: Regardless of those characteristics, if dwelling is already selected for WP5 refurbishment, no additional economic criteria shall be imposed Social aspects These characteristics define the target groups by social and behavior aspects. They are necessary for evaluation of different smart metering services impact on change of behavior regarding the social and behavioral differences. Selected dwellings in all ELIH Med pilot projects should jointly cover all described social properties. 1. Dwellings size and typology: - Small, medium, big dwellings; - Dwellings in block of flats and in multi family houses, single family houses; 2. Social structure of tenants in household: - Singles, families, extended family (more than one household); - Elderly in retirement, employed, unemployed; 3. Usage of social media: - None, Internet (e mail), SMS, mobile applications Technical aspects These characteristics define the technical features of LIH. This section actually defines the key items needed in evaluation of different smart metering services impact on change of behavior and demand response options regarding the appliances and equipment currently in use by LIH. Selected dwellings in all ELIH Med pilot projects should jointly cover all described technical aspects. 1. Type of appliances used in targeted dwellings: - Appliances with programmable timers / appliances without programmable timers; - Low energy class appliances (C and lower); - High energy class appliances (A and B); 2. Use of home automation (not anticipated in LIH): - None; 3. Lightning: - Energy saving lightning is implemented / energy saving lightning is not implemented;

11 4. Heating and DHW: - Stand alone electric heating; - Gas heating; - Central or district hitting; - Air conditioning system - Use of electric boiler for DHW; 5. Historical data on energy consumption must be available average energy consumption. NOTE: Defined characteristics are used to enable the selection of all representative samples of LIH. They will be used for statistical evaluation of LIH samples included in smart metering experiment. 5. NATURE AND FREQUENCY OF INTERACTIONS Nature and frequency of interactions with consumers for a coordinated return of experience is divided into four time periods. These can be distinguished as separate phases of smart metering experimentation including period before smart metering equipment installation, installation, monitoring period and the closure of experiment with evaluation of final data (presented in Figure 1). 11 Figure 1: Four stages of interactions in smart metering experimentation Each phase will have its important role to help consumers understand how they can use the information provided by smart metering to manage their energy consumption effectively and to save energy. First two periods are key phases of the implementation process while monitoring phase will include additional awareness campaigns also involving WP2. Refreshment of energy saving motivation was identified as one of must have actions in D6.1.1 Analysis of current projects of multi energies smart metering in low income housing (LIH) in the MED area : Well targeted information campaigns and the introduction of additional stimulation which will incite consumers to take the desired actions. Promoting Green attitude doing the right thing. Experience suggests that the motivation towards energy savings must be refreshed on a permanent basis otherwise the effect of more cautious energy use may erode over time. After the installation, it will be important for consumers to build an understanding of the information provided by their new metering equipment. This includes an appreciation of how appliance use and household activity corresponds to energy consumption.

12 It is necessary to establish a careful and properly orchestrated communication and awareness plan to final consumers, to minimize their inconvenience during the smart meters and WP5 related installation phase. Awareness and knowledge related barriers (negative consumer reaction) present high potential risk to hamper the introduction of energy efficiency measures (especially smart metering) due to different factors and will have to be considered in WP2 awareness campaign: Consumers may be unaware of smart metering initiative of ELIH Med project. Consumers may be concerned about privacy of data and will refuse to participate in experiment. Consumers may consider smart metering implementation as a way to increase energy bills the importance of guarantying a free access to consumption information. Consumers think that they cannot decrease their energy consumption without compromising their living standard. A key event of the consumer experience of smart metering will be the installation visit, which will ensure consistent messages for end consumers about what to expect and to help facilitate the longer term behavioral change necessary to deliver project benefits. Suppliers of smart metering equipment will therefore be obliged, to provide consumers with information on how to benefit from their smart meters and to provide appropriate support to different social groups (through call for tender). Special attention should be to vulnerable consumers with customization regarding: - Age (elderly, young families, singles etc.); - Social status (students, employed, unemployed, retired, Immigrants with language restrictions); - Type of dwelling (single house, block of flats etc.). 12 Utilities involved in smart metering experiment will be obliged to provide clear and understandable information/instructions on new services enabled by smart metering installation. I.e. consumers must understand tariff rate structures and principles how smart metering will help them to reduce their energy bills. Within analysis of past and ongoing smart metering projects in first phase of WP6, the following topics were highlighted in esesh (Saving Energy in Social Housing) regarding subjects to be discussed, additionally analyzed and improved during monitoring stage: Understandability / Form of energy invoices and its comparison with the monthly rent and incomes. Impact on saving behavior (to confirm or infirm the impact of smart metering on consumers efficiency habits and to introduce new possibilities to save energy). Analysis of the electric subscription in link with the electric consumption profile per equipment to evaluate the possibility to reduce consumption and save money. Check up of the equipment to evaluate the possibility to use differed functionality during the Electric Peak change of behavior. Analysis of the consumption feedback information (bills, web portals etc.) explaining the results in link with the behavior.

13 Phases of smart metering experimentation and interactions with LIH consumers will follow the ELIH Med project plan as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2: Timeline for individual stages of interactions in smart metering experimentation 5.1. Before installation Selection of WP6 experiment dwellings 13 Awareness campaign will be launched before WP6 household survey. Better understanding of project will yield better results in survey. WP5 pilots + Additional WP6 dwellings Launch of WP6 survey questionnaire (merged with WP5 for pilot sites) for evaluation of consumption baseline and initial state of households. LIH experiment

14 Main purpose of this phase is assuring that households participating in experiment are getting accustomed to energy efficiency initiative. Awareness campaign must include information concerning all renovation (WP5) and installation (WP5 and WP6) works which will be carried out in the experiment. The second purpose of this phase (survey) is getting the baseline consumption before experimentation takes place Smart meters installation Printed equipment manuals and verbal instructions will be provided by supplier and given during equipment installation. Selection of WP6 experiment dwellings WP5 pilots + Additional WP6 dwellings 14 Tender for smart metering equipment will include involvement in consumer education including: Manuals and instructions Energy savings / benefits New functionalities New services LIH experiment Main purpose of this phase is assuring the households participating in experiment are familiar with new equipment installed during smart metering experiment of ELIH Med project. Educational input required by supplier (or in some cases by utility) will be highlighted in the tender.

15 5.3. Monitoring Monthly billing of actual consumption will be accompanied by energy efficiency and energy savings bulletin, interactive web portal or other smart app., provided by utility or equipment supplier. Quarterly survey of consumers understanding of smart metering will be carried by WP6. Response of LIH is observed for adaptation of measures. Selection of WP6 experiment dwellings WP5 pilots + Additional WP6 dwellings 15 Energy saving and energy efficient behavior shall be promoted through awareness campaign in the scope of WP2 for WP5 pilots including additional WP6 dwellings. LIH experiment Tender for smart metering equipment will require clear interpretation of consumption data for billing: Including additional support in the form of monthly bulletin on energy efficiency (regarding smart metering). Main purpose of this phase is monitoring the effects of smart metering on behavior of the households participating in experiment and adjustment of individual smart metering actions according to the realities in households (survey feedback). Facilitating the living lab approach to fine tune different smart metering services and functionalities to different households (impact of social, cultural and regional differences).

16 5.4. Evaluation WP5 pilots Selection + of WP6 Additional experiment WP6 dwellings Launch of final WP6 survey questionnaire for evaluation of changes in behavior and final household consumption in correlation to introduced energy efficiency measures backed by Smart Metering. LIH experiment Main purpose of this phase is evaluation of changes in behavior and final household consumption as result of smart metering experiment in ELIH Med. Review of the experimentation progress includes the consumer experience of the process, new Smart Metering functionalities and identified services Interactions and stakeholders Each phase will require the involvement of different stakeholders. Some are common to the ELIH Med project as they are involved also in WP5 pilots. Some stakeholders are specific to WP6 experiment as involvement of utilities and installers in interaction with LIH consumer is inevitable and will be the only interaction in real life outside the smart metering projects. Stakeholders involved in WP6 experiment are: - Equipment Suppliers - Utilities - Installers - ELIH Med (WP2 and WP6 coordinators) - TMG - PPCG Special attention has to be put to PPCG involvement as the PPCG will also play a key role in the monitoring and evaluation stages of the project (see Guidelines for the constitution of the Pilot Project Collaborative Group). PPCG includes social workers and civil servants with

17 experience in working area where the pilot project will take place, local groups and associations and social landlords. And finally it should also include the following key actors: Representatives of Local authorities (Municipality, local energy agency, etc.), Local associations and NGOs committed with energy poverty. These key actors have a specific role in LIH and have to be included in WP6 experimentation (as explained later). Note: PPCG members (social workers, Local energy agencies, NGOs) will also contribute to designing the periodical behavioral surveys during monitoring. Those surveys will focus on behavioral changes in households related to energy consumption. Stakeholders will use different means of interactions with final consumers. Appropriate to the tasks, the following means of interactions will be used: - Personal visits surveys and education; - Phone contact surveys and information; - E mail and web web surveys and information; - Interactive web portal consumption feedback, information and education; - Smart applications consumption feedback. Internet access must be enabled to all dwellings for monitoring purposes, as they will participate in the periodical web surveys. It can be enabled in the scope of WP6 experimentation either through: - Local ISP (usually already present at the location); - Mobile operators offering instant internet (USB plug and play dongle). 17 Note: Covering the expenses of internet access can be treated as additional economic incentive for tenants to actively participate in web surveys and other web services in the scope of Smart Metering experiment as explained later. Means of interactions and stakeholders involvement in each phase of smart metering experiment is shown in Figure 3.

18 Interactions Stakeholders Phase 1 Before installation Survey visit ELIH Med (WP2, WP6) TMG PPCG Phase 2 Smart meters installation Installation visit Supplier Utility Installer PPCG Phase 3 Monitoring Billing Bulletin Interactive web portal Smart applications Periodical (Quarterly) survey (phone, web) Smart metering experiment LIH consumer Supplier Utility ELIH Med (WP2, WP6) PPCG 18 Phase 4 Evaluation Survey visit ELIH Med (WP6) Figure 3: Interactions and stakeholders involvement in individual phase of experiment

19 4. MEASUREMENTS OF PERFORMANCE AND IMPACT ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION Monitoring and review of the experimentation progress of multi energy smart metering in LIH in the Mediterranean area will include the consumer experience of the process, new functionalities and services. Focus will be on energy and consumption cost savings as a result of change of behavior on the basis of thorough consumption feedback. Although not in the main scope of WP6 experiment, costs/benefits evaluation of Smart metering installation will also be performed. Measurements of performance and impact on energy consumption will be evaluated on the basis of historical consumption data, time of use and on the basis of consumption and behavioral changes after smart metering equipment installation (means of thorough consumption feedback through new services, functionalities). Additional external parameters will be monitored for statistical analysis and proper consideration of external circumstances Data collection Each dwelling in smart metering experiment shall be included in monitoring of the following data (concerning the priority list as described in Table 1): Consumption Data (metering and time of use) Real time consumption data: o Utility meter (whole consumption): - Electricity; - Heat; - Gas; - Water. o Individual equipment consumption (electricity): - Appliances Dishwasher; Washing machine (+dryer); Refrigerator (+combined freezer); Freezer; Electric stove; Electric oven; Microwave oven; Hair dryer. - Electronics (on/stand by/off) TVs; Home cinema and Hi Fi; PCs; Other home entertainment electronics (Xbox, Wii etc.). - Air conditioning and heating - Lightning 19

20 Historical consumption data (whole consumption) consumption baseline. ESMA also recommends1 monitoring of reference values before implementing the feedback system, which is the comparison basis to the energy savings estimation. This monitoring should be realized without giving any feedback to the consumers, avoiding by this way any influence into their behavior. Experience has shown, however, that time pressure usually forces the omission of this step and it is then necessary to use historical data. Using the installation phase of WP6 experiment to give targeted households first information on smart metering benefits and savings potential also omits the possibility to use such principle. Thus historical data shall be used for baseline comparison. To enable evaluation of both consumption and energy costs savings, two types of historical data must be available: o Historical consumption usage (in kwh). o Historical consumption costs (in EUR). Electric contracted power. External parameters (monitoring and data collection) Outside/inside temperature; Daylight time (evaluation of lightning consumption); Equipment usage (time of use not same as consumption): o Appliances - Cooked meals per day (Stowe, Owen ); - Number of dish washes (per working day, weekend); - Number of average clothes washes (per working day, weekend); - Etc. o Electronics o Air conditioning and heating o Lightning Building characteristics (size, age, orientation, building materials, etc.). 20 External parameters with probable issues regarding protection of personal data (surveys) Date of moving into the dwelling (for renters); Actual presence and consumption activity of individual residents in dwellings (behavioral patterns for different age groups and social classes). Consumption data will be crucial for evaluation of WP6 effects, while monitoring external parameters is important for both WP5 and WP6 experiment. Table 1 encapsulates the list of required parameters needed for representative evaluation of smart metering experiment. Each parameter is classified regarding the priority importance for evaluation (I. for highest and III. for lowest). Table also defines the parameters which need only consumption metering and which also need the time of use monitoring. Survey/utility column indicates the source of information which will be gathered by survey or provided by 1 EDV ENERGIA, ESMA: Methodology for Estimating Energy Savings related with Smart Metering, Report Final Version, 2008

21 utility. Additional data regarding building condition and residents will be gathered by initial and final household survey (ANNEX II Survey questionnaire). Table 1: Monitored parameters Parameter Consumption Time of Survey / Priority (metering & monitoring) use Utility I. II. III. Utility Electricity 15 min. interval Contracted power Gas Daily/Monthly Heat Daily/Monthly Water Daily/Monthly Appliances Dishwasher Washing machine Dryer Refrigerator Freezer Electric stove Electric oven Microwave oven Hair dryer Electronics TVs Home cinema and Hi Fi PC Other home entertainment Ambient Air Conditioning Heating Lightning Historical data Electricity Monthly/Yearly Costs Gas Monthly/Yearly Costs Heat Monthly/Yearly Costs Water Monthly/Yearly Costs External parameters Outside/inside temperature Daily (Day/Night) Daylight time Daily Activity of residents behavior (periodical web surveys) 21

22 5.2. Evaluation Monitored and measured data will be used in performance evaluation, where consumption will be calculated per household member in each observed typology of LIH. Additional correlation between consumption and each new functionality and service offered by smart metering (consumption feedback, demand response services ) will be made in performance evaluation where effects of the dwelling reconstruction in WP5 will also be considered. Performance Consumption per normalized household member in each typology before implementation (using historical data). Consumption per normalized household member in each typology after implementation. Normalized household member will be defined based on the household survey, where different age groups (infants, school age children, teenagers, working adults, elderly etc.) will be weighted accordingly to their participation in energy consumption activity during experiment. Their activity will be monitored as described in Table 1. Appropriate weight system will be defined in final stage of evaluation. Time of use (high/low tariff load ratio) change of appliances usage and AC/heating pattern after implementation. Correlation regarding other effects of the dwelling reconstruction in WP5 differences between WP5 pilots and WP6 only pilots. 22 Collected data will enable monitoring the effect of: Real time consumption measurements over any fixed or arbitrary time periods (typically at one minute or fifteen minute intervals for Smart Meter Energy Management Applications). Flexible tariffs that offer reduced energy pricing during off peak periods (demand response applications). Consumption data aggregation (electricity, heat, gas and water). When estimating energy savings it is necessary to monitor the energy balance of the target site completely and not individual utilities separately as savings in one utility may be replaced by increased consumption in the others. Differentiation of energy products, services and tariffs through offering tariffs uniquely customized to individual customer needs (micro marketing and mass customization) by Energy Suppliers. Improved customer service through providing alternative means of displaying energy consumption (i.e. informative billing, in home display panels, interactive web portal, smart applications, SMS etc.). Database of performance results will enable a benchmarking algorithm, where a selected LIH can be benchmarked based on the input data gathered by household survey (ANNEX II Survey questionnaire).

23 Benchmarking Prediction algorithm based on input data (survey) to forecast optimal consumption and impact of individual new smart metering functionality or service. Costs benefit evaluation Cost benefit of smart metering must also be evaluated considering the cost of the installation, the additional equipment (monitoring of individual appliances) and its support (data feedback and analysis, interactive web portal etc.), and the resulting energy cost savings realized from the application of the smart metering. Monitoring and review process of the experimentation progress of multi energy smart metering experiment is shown in Figure Quantification of energy savings induced by behavior change The WP6 tackles one of the most difficult and elusive issues of smart metering, which is the quantification of energy savings induced by consumers behavior change, as it depends on several factors of difficult predictability. For this reason ESMA issued the following recommendations 2 regarding savings evaluation: Readings before and after the smart metering system implementation establish both the energy use baseline and the energy savings to a much higher degree of confidence. The existence of a control (or reference) group is a key condition in order to exclude the impact of external influences, e.g. from weather, economic growth or national events. In some load control experiments it is necessary, in order to correctly detect the effect of customer responses to energy consumption, to apply modeling of both the main heat balance dynamics of the site and the variations of the non controlled loads. 23 As already decided by ELIH Med technical committee and confirmed by steering committee, there will be two consumer groups involved in smart metering experiment: Dwellings included in WP5 pilots; Dwellings similar to WP5 pilots near those pilots as a control group; Monitoring of a control group without any involvement (WP5 or WP6) is not foreseen in the ELIH Med project. All monitored dwellings will be defined and classified based on the survey (ANNEX II Survey questionnaire) before and after the smart metering experimentation. This survey includes both kinds of variables, ones that have direct influence on the energy savings estimation and others, like residents education level, that are strongly related to consumers behavior and indirectly affect the energy consumption. 2 EDV ENERGIA, ESMA: Methodology for Estimating Energy Savings related with Smart Metering, Report Final Version, 2008

24 Test groups for smart metering experiment WP5 pilots (Retrofitting + Smart metering) WP6 pilots (No retrofitting) Smart metering EQUIPMENT Monitoring & metering Monitoring & data collection Real time consumption data from utility meter: - Electricity - Heat - Gas - Water - Informative billing - Advanced tariffs - Demand response services - SMS alarms Individual equipment consumption (electricity): - Appliances - Electronics - AC and heating - Lightning - Interactive Web portal - Bulletin on energy efficiency in correlation to measured data - Smart applications External parameters: - Outside/inside temperature; - Daylight time; - Equipment usage; - Building characteristics; - Actual presence of residents in dwellings 24 SERVICES Smart metering Historical consumption data Evaluation Household survey PERFORMANCE (Savings) Benchmarking Figure 4: Measurements of performance and impact on energy consumption

25 5. IMPLEMENTATION AND TEST OF NEW FUNCTIONALITIES Implementation and test of new smart metering functionalities will be focused around two potential sources of change in average consumption behavior: Reduction in overall energy consumption as a result of better information on costs and use of energy which drives behavioral change; Energy costs reduction as a result of shift of energy demand from peak times to offpeak times. The most visible part of the smart metering experiment for LIH consumers will be informative billing with actual consumption information and additional means of providing real time consumption data in the form of interactive web page, SMS alarms and IHD. This will provide near real time information on tenants energy consumption in understandable form. Featured new functionalities and services follow the findings and conclusions of gap analysis in ELIH Med deliverable D6.1.1 Analysis of current projects of multi energies smart metering in lowincome housing (LIH) in the MED area. Smart metering will provide means for accurate information on consumption through different means of communication. The following information shall be provided / ensured by utility and/or installed smart metering equipment (minimal requirements): Current and historical consumption (electricity and multi energy where applicable); Presentation of usage in EUR (or local currency) as well as kilowatts, kilowatt hours and m 3 for water in multi metering environment; Appropriate feedback that allows consumers to easily distinguish between high and low levels of current consumption. Appropriate feedback that allows consumers to easily distinguish between peak and off peak times (electricity) Smart meter The smart metering experiment will involve the introduction of a range of new equipment into targeted LIH. The foundation of all new functionalities and services derived from smart metering will be installation of utility meters with smart functionality smart meters. Smart meter definition used for this purpose is described in chapter 4. Properties of selected dwellings. Utility meters priority shall be as follows: Electricity all dwellings in experiment. Gas where gas grid is present. Heat where central heating is used in multi dwelling buildings and where district heating is present. Water

26 Smart meter also enables direct feedback on consumption using its own display. Minimum requirements 3 for smart meters display for the purpose of WP6 experiment are as follows 4 : - Current intensity of consumption; - Billing consumption, broken down by tariff if applicable; - Clear indication of active tariff (peak or off peak time) and support for a range of time of use tariffs (including multiple registers within the meter for billing purposes). Additional requirements for smart meters display to enhance consumption feedback experience are as follows: - Billing consumption expressed in currency (EUR); - Price of active tariff; Installation: In cases where utility will be involved in ELIH Med project, utility will install appropriate smart meter. Additional feedback services will be provided through utilities data collection system and back office processing. In cases where utility involvement will not be reached, appropriate smart metering system shall be provided by supplier chosen with tender and installed by project contractor (see Deliverable Smart Meters Suppliers DataBase). In this case smart metering system is installed behind utility metering point (utility meter) and is independent of their data collection system (also see Individual appliances consumption in chapter Direct feedback). Smart metering system supplier shall provide additional tools for remote data collection (preferably a web solution). 26 Smart meters display requirements and implementation options are summarized in Table 2. Functionality or service Smart meter Electricity Gas Heat Water Table 2: Implementation of smart meters Options Display: - Current intensity of consumption; - Billing consumption (by tariff); - Indication of active tariff Support for multiple tariffs; - Billing consumption expressed in currency; - Price of active tariff; Display: Current intensity of consumption Display: Current intensity of consumption Display: Current intensity of consumption Implementation - Installed by utility, additional feedback services will be provided through utilities data collection system and back office processing. - Provided by supplier chosen with tender and installed by project contractor smart metering system supplier provides additional tools for remote data collection. Priority I. II. III. 3 Requirements for smart meter display must include all other requirements already in place for installation of utility meters on local and regional level. 4 Smart meters used in WP6 experiment in Italy are excluded from minimum requirement obligation as already installed meters will be used where applicable.

27 5.2. Consumption feedback Direct feedback Using smart meters display for direct consumption feedback has its advantages as it doesn t bring additional costs for separate IHD, but also has its shortcomings, especially if meter is not located in the living premises. It is also unlikely, that smart meter will be able to display individual appliances consumption. Smart meters installation has to be accompanied by additional functionalities and services for direct feedback to have desired impact. Individual appliances consumption The most challenging will be implementation of individual appliances and electronics consumption metering and the instantaneous (direct feedback) presentation of these readouts to consumers. Current standards does not fully support plug and play interoperability between utility meter and off the shelve appliance monitoring devices. Recommendations for implementation in experiment are the following three options: Smart meters tender will require from supplier to provide additional appliance consumption recorders with common information display (IHD or master meter display) displaying overall consumption from»master«meter and additional readouts from appliances consumption. Note: This option requires full utility/supplier cooperation! Dwellings will be provided with independent smart monitoring system enabling monitoring the consumption of individual devices (AC, heating, washing machine etc.) with common IHD and Ethernet (Wi Fi) connection, offering a Web presentation of consumption readouts. Such systems (and associated services) are already available on the EU market (see Deliverable Smart Meters Suppliers DataBase). Note: This option does NOT require utility/supplier cooperation! Dwellings will be provided with simple stand alone socket meters (loggers) with switch on off timers for mayor consumers (AC, heating, washing machine etc.) without common IHD. Note: This option does NOT require utility/supplier cooperation! 27 First two options also foresee the possibility of using IHD and home area network (HAN) for data communication between metering equipment. Although internet communications (Ethernet, Wi Fi, Bluetooth) may be used, current development in metering industry is focusing on: - PLC or HomePlug (preferred for WP6 smart metering experiment); - Wireless M Bus; - ZigBee.

28 Event notification Besides meter display and potential use of IHD, tenants have to be notified directly (alarms) when different events concerning consumption occur. Utility or smart metering equipment suppliers should provide service for events notification through either: SMS service, which enables direct and simplest notification to most LIH; Smart phone application, which can add graphical value to event notification, but limits the reach to smart phone users; E mail service, which does not offer direct feedback, but can be used as alternative to first two options; Ambient displays (lights), which can signal to the consumer messages about their general level of consumption and a change in electricity prices when using advanced tariffs (installation of additional equipment with additional costs is required). Alarm triggers should include events of most importance to consumer to change his behavior. Triggers should also be optional and edited in interactive web page as explained later. Triggering events of interest are: - Steep deviation from average consumption; - Tariff switch; - High current consumption above pre set threshold in peak time; - Monthly threshold (average monthly consumption) has been breached; - Periodical notification of general consumption expressed in currency (EUR). 28 Direct consumption feedback functionalities and implementation options are summarized in Table 3. Functionality or service Direct feedback Individual appliances consumption Table 3: Implementation of direct feedback functionalities Options - Smart meters and additional appliance consumption recorders with common information display (IHD or master meter display) using HAN communication options: PLC or HomePlug, Wireless M Bus, ZigBee, Bluetooth, Ethernet (Wi Fi). - Independent smart monitoring system enabling monitoring the consumption of individual devices (AC, heating, washingmachine etc.) with common IHD or Ethernet connection (offering a Web presentation of consumption readouts) using HAN communication options: PLC or HomePlug, ZigBee, Bluetooth, Ethernet (Wi Fi). - Independent simple socket (plug) meters with switch off timers for intensive consumers (AC, heating, washing machine etc.); Implementation Supplier through smart meter tender. Provided by supplier chosen with tender and installed by project contractor. Provided by supplier chosen with tender and installed by tenants. Priority I. II. III.