Sandra Cruz-Pol, Ph.D. RF Spectrum Manager EARS Program Director NSF Spectrum Management Unit

Transcription

1 * Companies bid over $40 billion.. for 65 MHz of the electromagnetic spectrum - CNET Jan 2015 Sandra Cruz-Pol, Ph.D. RF Spectrum Manager EARS Program Director NSF Spectrum Management Unit

2 Did Who you are know we that? NSF s Electromagnetic Spectrum Management (ESM) is an administrative unit within the Directorate of MPS under the Division of Astronomy Charged with enabling access to the radio spectrum for NSF facilities Represent the interests of the U.S. science community within domestic and international RF spectrum regulatory and coordination bodies Mostly protect: RAS Radio Astronomy Service EESS Earth Exploration Satellite Services

3 Why protect the RF Spectrum? Radio spectrum is extremely valuable and new systems and services are driving demand at an all-time high As spectrum becomes more crowded, trying to preserve portions for radio astronomy and other scientific uses is becoming increasingly difficult

4 Spectrum Managers At: NOAA, NSF, NASA, DoI, DoD, FAA, Navy, AirForce

5 Interdepartment Radio Advisory Committee (IRAC) U.S. Postal Service Air Force VA BBG DHS Transportation State Energy Chair (NTIA) NSF Navy FCC (Liaison) NASA Agriculture Commerce Interior Justice Army Treasury Coast Guard FAA

6 U.N. ITU ITU Formed in 1865: 1 st int l body! (UN in 1945) U.S. is special Case Federal: NTIA assignments Non-Fed: FCC licenses

7 U.N. ITU Geneva

8 NSF ESM program nhancing ccess to the adio pectrum Goal is to increase efficiency with which radio spectrum is used and/or lead to enhanced access to wireless services for all Americans.

9 Imagine a World w/o RF Solar storms not predicted (Energy grid disruption) No GPS Airport implications - navigation EESS: no data on hurricane tracks, No El Niño forecast No cellphones! Satellite TV, Wi-Fi internet, AM and FM radio, broadcast TV, baby monitors, no IoT Other needs Agriculture soil studies Fire-prone mapping Iceberg navigation maps, Oil spill monitoring Renewable energy management 5-days Weather forecasting

10 NSF EARS Enhancing Access to the Radio Spectrum EARS NSF Program seeks to fund innovative collaborative research that transcends the traditional boundaries of existing programs, and spans disciplines covered by 2 or more of the participating NSF directorates: 1. Astronomical Sciences (MPS/AST) 2. Computer and Network Systems (CISE/CNS) 3. Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems (ENG/ECCS)

11 NSF EARS Key Research Areas (1) Techniques enabling scientific use of frequency ranges allocated to commercial services. Some scientific programs such as radio astronomy and passive earth remote sensing require short duration, but very radio quiet, passive uses of particular frequency ranges determined by the physical properties under study. Ex. Frequencies are chosen according to physical processes that we want to measure.

12 30 GHz 300 GHz 3 GHz 30 GHz 300 MHz 3 GHz 30 MHz 300 MHz 3 khz 3 MHz 30 MHz Exclusive Passive Primary Secondary Shared Primary Footnote Radio Astronomy Frequency Allocations in the United States

13 NSF EARS Key Research Areas Radiotelescopes observe the Sun from ~20 MHz up to 400 GHz.

14 Active Tx & Rx Passive* only Rx Passive surviving in an active world *Much more vulnerable than passive radar

15 RFI Objects under Study (e.g. Pulsars, sunspots, galaxy) far, far Away Active sensor Tx (radar) Passive sensor Rx (Radiometer) Arecibo Observatory

16 NSF EARS Key Research Areas (2) Spectral accounting techniques enabling equitable sharing are particularly relevant. The development and enhancement of RFI detection and suppression techniques for use in RFI cancellation and filtering such as kurtosis test, matched filtering and polarization based algorithm (used for highly polarized RFI sources), and multiple antenna algorithms (for interferometric radio telescope arrays) is encouraged so that more spectrum can be shared with active services.

17 Passive sensors are vulnerable to RFI Some measurements required a huge bandwidth, e.g. 8 GHz!

18 RFI Passive Active RFI affects us ALL: Passive and Active users

19 We ALL Benefit from the shared use of the Spectrum

20 androcs.com NSF EARS Key Research Areas (3) Spectral efficiency. Suitable topic areas include innovations that improve spectral efficiency on an instantaneous basis, such as mitigation of unwanted emissions, improvements in filter technology, interference cancellation, etc.; and improvements on a system-wide basis, such as dynamic spectrum access, frequency re-use, and innovative millimeter wave and THz frequency devices and systems. Advanced spectrum sensing techniques are needed to quickly and accurately identify transmission opportunities over a very wide spectrum pool that may host a large number of different wireless services.

21 Dynamic Spectrum Sharing Ex. Google Spectrum Online Database

22 NSF EARS Key Research Areas (4) Reconfigurable wireless platforms, such as cognitive radio, software-defined radio, novel hardware/software co-design, adaptive antennas, etc., to dynamically implement incentive mechanisms and spectrum policy, facilitate the coexistence of multiple dynamic spectrum access networks, and optimize network performance. Implication of advances in software-defined networking on current spectrum management processes and emerging spectrum-sharing approaches.

23 NSF EARS Key Research Areas (5-6) Security and privacy solutions in the context of spectrum sharing. Mechanisms that can enforce the proper operation of dynamic spectrum access and be robust against malicious attacks. Coexistence with legacy systems, such as backwards and forward interoperability and compatibility. A major challenge of moving to a new and more efficient spectrum-use model will be a lengthy and complex transition period that will allow for the co-existence of novel new systems and regulations with the multitude of existing legacy systems and regulations.

24 NSF EARS Key Research Areas (7-9) New and novel measurement-based spectrum management techniques, including agent-based systems, policy-based spectrum management, and local and scalable spectrum management. Methods that enable Math and Physical Science research such as passive sensing for radio astronomy and earth exploration are of particular interest. Novel network radio architecture facilitating the interplay between network layers and enabling more network functionalities, e.g., network topology awareness, network coding, cross-layer optimization, and multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO). Energy-efficient and robust spectrum sensing and allocation mechanisms and protocol support.

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26 NSF EARS Key Research Areas (10) Special-purpose wireless systems. Such systems may be difficult to accommodate within bold new spectrum-use models because of fundamental limitations on frequency agility due to basic operational requirements, extreme sensitivity to interference, or potentially drastic consequences due to failure of a radio frequency (RF) link. Innovative solutions for accommodating such systems are needed. These systems may include medical devices, surveillance, remote sensing, and passive systems such as radio telescopes.

27 NSF EARS Key Research Areas (11-12) Wireless system tests, measurements, and validation. New technology that can result in improvements in spectrum efficiency and access will require new test and measurement solutions and standards and regulatory validation. In addition, measurements and metrics to establish existing and future levels of spectrum occupancy and efficiency will be required. Economic models for spectrum resource sharing. There exists a need for interdisciplinary research in the areas of market- and non-marketbased mechanisms for spectrum access and usage to efficiently organize the sharing of scarce spectrum resources. Examples of research themes include, but are not limited to, real-time auctions, market design, spectrum valuation, spectrum management for the home user, and managing mixed-rights spectrum.

28 EARS NEW 2015 SOLICITATION

29 NSF EARS Enhancing Access to the Radio Spectrum Solicitation: Is up now Deadline: June 2, 2015 Estimated Number of Awards: Each proposal may request up to $750,000 in total funding over a period of up to 3 years

30 Eligibility: Who May Submit Proposals: 1. Universities and Colleges - Universities and 2- and 4-yr colleges (e.g. community colleges) accredited in, and having a campus located in, the US acting on behalf of their faculty members. 2. Non-profit, non-academic organizations: Independent museums, observatories, research labs, professional societies and similar organizations in the U.S. associated with educational or research activities.

31 Additional Requirements A proposer may be a Principal Investigator (PI) or co-pi on up to 2 proposals. A unique merit review criterion for the EARS program is how a proposed research endeavor addresses the program's objectives across 2 or more disciplinary boundaries. Such considerations should be addressed through substantive components of the proposed research. The solicitation seeks effective collaborations in areas where such interdisciplinary collaboration is presently uncommon. The proposer is asked to show how the disciplines will be integrated in the context of the project as part of the research plan in the Project Description. 1. Astronomical Sciences (MPS/AST) 2. Computer and Network Systems (CISE/CNS) 3. Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems (ENG/ECCS)

32 EARS Workshop/Meeting Attendance Budget must include $ for travel to Washington DC for 2 people: PI or CO-PI & up to one other project participant to attend a 2-day EARS PI meeting. It is anticipated that the meeting will be held yearly and the project team members are required to attend.

33 Thank you!

34 BACKUP SLIDES

35 Practical uses of RA Time calibration for GPS Laser eye surgery Storm weather monitoring Wireless technologies FFT chip Others.

36 Practical Did you uses know of RA that (cont.) Time calibration for GPS Laser eye surgery Storm weather monitoring Wireless technologies FFT chip Others.

37 Practical Did you know uses that of RA

38 Astronomical Spectral Lines and Continuum Needed to study quasars, black holes, CMB (Big Bang), dark matter, planets Doppler Shift

39 Did WRCs you General know that Countries are sovereign with regard to the uses and the regulation of the radio spectrum within national borders and are under no obligation to adopt or follow the International Table of Allocations within their territory, but mostly do so, out of convenience. International uses of the radio spectrum are regulated by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), a specialized agency of the United Nations, through the Radio Regulations (RR) Because applications and uses of the spectrum change rapidly, there is a need to revise the RR regularly and frequently World Radiocommunication Conferences (WRCs) are convened periodically, (every 3-5 years) to revise the RR They usually take place in Geneva (where the ITU is headquartered)

40 NTIA & FCC Spectrum Regulations NTIA has an 800 page Manual a.k.a. the Red Book Allocation footnotes come in several types: 5.xxx: ITU footnotes. When they appear in the U.S. tables, it means that they have been adopted in the FCC and/or NTIA tables USxxx: Footnotes that apply to both Federal and non-federal allocations NGxxx: Footnotes that apply only to non-federal-government allocations Gxxx: Footnotes that apply only to federal government allocations