Beyond the Engineer of 2020 Whither Engineering Educa5on? Daniel Has*ngs Professor of Aeronau*cs & Astronau*cs and Engineering Systems October 2013

Transcription

1 Beyond the Engineer of 2020 Whither Engineering Educa5on? Daniel Has*ngs Professor of Aeronau*cs & Astronau*cs and Engineering Systems October 2013

2 The Evolu*on of Engineering Educa*on in the United States - Conclusion Engineering educa*on con*nues to evolve in the US More focus on using theories of learning More focus on bringing in ac*ve learning More focus on integra*ng design early into the educa*on Schools are using a variety of approaches to improve engineering educa*on MOOCs may be a forcing func*on Large Challenges in demographics The Result: Islands of success Engineering is becoming more alrac*ve to young people (but with demographic challenges) Much more needs to be done! 2

3 The Evolu5on of Engineering Educa5on in the United States Na5onal Picture Innova*ve Approaches Olin College Purdue RPI & Georgia Tech Arizona State University MIT The Impact of Online Educa*on Con*nuing Challenges 3

4 NAE Great Engineering Achievements of the 20 th Century - Unappreciated by the Public 1. Electrifica*on 2. Automobile 3. Airplane 4. Water Supply & Distribu*on 5. Electronics 6. Radio and Television 7. Agricultural Mechaniza*on 8. Computers 9. Telephone 10. Air Condi*oning & Refrigera*on 11. Highways 12. Spacecra\ 13. Internet 14. Imaging 15. Household Appliances 16. Health Technologies 17. Petroleum & Petrochemical Technologies 18. Laser and Fiber Op*cs 19. Nuclear Technologies 20. High- performance Materials 4

5 Evolu5on of Engineering Educa5on Did Engineering Science Go Too Far? AFtudes Pre WW II Tomorrow? Today? Skills Knowledge 5

6 US View: Call for Educa5onal Reform The Urgency of Engineering Educa5on Reform and A Makeover for Engineering Educa5on William Wulf Ex-President, NAE Change needed: Curriculum and pedagogy Diversity Baccalaureate as first professional degree Faculty reward system Formalized lifelong learning Prepara*on for K- 12 Technical literacy in the general popula*on Two fundamental and related problems: Fewer students going into engineering Engineering schools increasingly out of touch with engineering prac*ce Students not being prepared to prac*ce engineering for the 21st century 6

7 An Emerging Global Workforce We see globaliza*on as an overarching mega- trend, a force so ubiquitous that it will substan*ally shape all other major trends in the world of 2020 Compe**ve pressures will force companies based in the advanced economies to outsource many blue- and white- color jobs. With the gradual integra*on of China, India, and other developing countries World palerns of produc*on, trade, employment, and wages will be transformed. Compe**ve source of low- cost labor Necessitates professional retooling, and restrains wage growth in some occupa*ons. From: Mapping the Global Future Report of the National Intelligence Council 2020 Project, Dec

8 Embracing Globaliza5on of S&T Globaliza*on of S&T is an overarching challenge U.S. no longer has an unchallenged, preeminent posi*on U.S. lead has dwindled or vanished producing researchers in science and engineering technical knowledge high technology exports Source: NSF Science and Engineering Indicators

9 Individuals in S&E work broadly 9

10 the focus of the Engineer of 2020 report Integrating what we want in the next generation engineer with what we know about how people learn into a field of inquiry and practice focused on engineering learning 2010 Creating a Climate for Scholarly and Systematic Innovation in Engineering Education

11 What are the Desired ASributes of the Engineer of 2020? Strong analy*cal skills Prac*cal ingenuity and crea*vity Good communica*on skills Business, management, and leadership skills High ethical standards, professionalism Dynamic, agile, resilient, flexible Lifelong learner Able to put problems in their socio- technical and opera*onal context 11

12 Recommenda5on of 2020 study Whatever other crea*ve approaches are taken in the 4- year engineering curriculum, the essence of engineering - the itera*ve process of designing, building, and tes*ng - should be taught from the earliest stages of the curriculum, including the first year. 12

13 Recommenda5on of 2020 study Colleges and universi*es should develop new standards for faculty qualifica*ons, appointments and expecta*ons, for example, to require experience as a prac*cing engineer, and should create or adapt development programs to support the professional growth of engineering faculty. Has happened to some extent 13

14 Recommenda5on of 2020 study The engineering educa*on establishment should embrace research in engineering educa*on as a valued ac*vity for engineering faculty as a means to enhance and personalize the connec*on to undergraduate students, to understand how they learn and to appreciate the pedagogical approaches that excite them. 14

15 Recommenda5ons of 2020 study The baccalaureate degree should be recognized as the preengineering degree or bachelor of arts in engineering degree, depending on the course content and reflec*ng the career aspira*ons of the student. Has not happened 15

16 Trends in Response to Calls for Change New design- oriented model for engineering educa*on " Olin College, Singapore University of Technology & Design Return to more holis*c view of engineering educa*on " MIT CDIO Ini*a*ve (Conceive Design Implement Operate), Gordon Leadership Program " Holis*c Engineering Smith, Dartmouth Allow for more flexible paths in engineering educa*on " Stanford, MIT Development of Departments of Engineering Educa*on in Engineering Schools " Purdue, Virginia Tech Development of global experiences as key part of Engineering Educa*on " RPI, Georgia Tech Reorganize around the NAE grand challenges " Arizona State University 16

17 The Evolu5on of Engineering Educa5on in the United States Na*onal Picture Innova5ve Approaches Olin College Purdue RPI & Georgia Tech Arizona State University MIT The Impact of Online Educa*on Con*nuing Challenges 17

18 Olin College: An Experiment in Design Engineering design vs. applied science Design of device, system, or process under constraint Engineering science at core, design at periphery How many faculty members have real design experience? Approach at Olin: Design at the core, engineering science in support of design Design as a process, more than inven*on of new technology Design as a point of entry to the field Design as social dialog with non- technical colleagues 18

19 Some Features of the Olin Curriculum Required Design core Team design projects in 6+ semesters SCOPE senior project: corporate sponsored, year- long ($50k/project) EXPO at end of each semester: stand and deliver Integrated Course Blocks in Science, Math, and Engineering Study Away in Junior year Summer internships: REU and corporate experience Business and entrepreneurship: all students must start and run a business for a semester Nine competencies across all four years: quan*ta*ve analysis, qualita*ve analysis, teamwork, communica*on, life- long learning, context, design, diagnosis, opportunity assessment Con*nuous improvement: expira5on date on curriculum BUT, the learning culture is far more important than the curriculum! 19

20 Purdue: Department of Engineering Educa5on Vision: A more inclusive, socially connected, and scholarly engineering educa>on Mission: Transforming engineering educa>on based on scholarship and research Mission rests on three pillars: Re- imagine Engineering and Engineering Educa*on Create Field- shaping Knowledge Empower Agents of Change 20

21 RPI & Georgia Tech: Global Experiences RPI Rensselaer Educa*on Across Cultural Horizons (REACH) Strongly encouraged for all engineering students Semester long exchange (or more) with several universi*es (NTU, CUHK, etc) Georgia Tech Interna*onal Plan - integrated study abroad 40% of Georgia Tech students par*cipate 21

22 Co- Curricular Global Experiences Empower Students to Become Confident, ar*culate leaders Collaborators with the ability to recognize and solve complex problems Percep*ve scholars who effec*vely func*on in a global society Ci*zens who are passionate about making the world a beler place Qualified professionals with an understanding of ethical behavior and issues 22

23 Arizona State University: Reorganize Around NAE Grand Challenges Explicitly recognizes that the Grand Challenges interest young people and mo*vate them to learn College of Engineering School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering School of Compu*ng, Informa*cs and Decision Systems Engineering School of Electrical, Compu*ng and Energy Engineering School for Engineering of MaLer, Transport and Energy School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment School of Arts, Media and Engineering School of Earth and Space Explora*on 23

24 MIT Aero- Astro Flexible Engineering Degree 16-1 Aerospace Engineering 16-2 Aerospace Engineering with Information Technology 16-ENG SB in Engineering As Recommended by the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Aerospace Experimental Projects Lab/Hands- on, Aerospace Capstone Design Subjects Aerospace Experimental Projects Lab/Hands- on, Aerospace Capstone Design Subjects Aerospace Experimental Projects Lab/Hands- on, Aerospace Capstone Design Subjects Choose 4 out of 9 subjects, with 2 having vehicles focus 4 second- level core subjects Unified Engineering Choose 4 out of 9 subjects, with 3 having informa*on focus 4 second- level core subjects Unified Engineering GIRs Choose 6 subjects from one of 8 Concentra*ons, each containing dozens of subjects 2 second- level core subjects Unified Engineering 24

25 MIT Ra5onale for a Flexible Engineering Degree: External Sources NAE 2020 Report [2005] and others The changing prac*ce of engineering Increasingly mul*disciplinary, mul*cultural, global, focused on large socio- technical problems Educa*onal specialists ABET Criterion 3 a- k not enough Peer schools Growth of explicit focus on socio- technical themes within engineering degree programs and the development of knowledge, skills and autudes to address these problems 25

26 MIT CDIO Ini5a5ve CDIO is an innova*ve educa*onal framework for producing the next genera*on of engineers CDIO provides students with an educa*on stressing engineering fundamentals set in the context of Conceiving Designing Implemen*ng Opera*ng real- world systems and products Schools throughout the world have adopted CDIO as the framework of their curricular planning and outcome based assessment CDIO is defined by twelve standards 26

27 The Evolu5on of Engineering Educa5on in the United States Na*onal Picture Innova*ve Approaches Olin College Purdue RPI & Georgia Tech Arizona State University MIT Impact of Online Educa5on Con*nuing Challenges 27

28 WHY ONLINE EDUCATION AND WHY NOW? Online Educa*on Opportunity to rethink the pedagogy of (engineering) educa*on a huge source of data Opportunity to share (engineering) educa*on with the world E.g BLOSSOMS Opportunity to change the cost paradigm for (engineering) educa*on Why now Technology has advanced enough to make high quality delivery available at scale The convergence of Video on demand (and the ability to make it cheaply) Widespread connec*vity Automated assessment/feedback (Radically scalable) Social media Semi- synchronous delivery Crowd sourcing (Radically scalable) Acknowledgement of cer*fica*on 28

29 Through educa5onal technology, universi5es can Address the varied abili*es (capacity, prepara*on, interests, mo*va*on) of its students by providing alterna*ve pathways to learning, delivery and resources including leveraging resources elsewhere Redefine the model of a semester from being a fixed- *me or fixed- content construct to being one in which learning occurs in modules of varying dura*ons with opportuni*es for varied experiences. Increase the quan*ty and quality of interac*on between all of a universi*es cons*tuents students, faculty, staff and alumni. 29

30 A POSSIBLE TWENTY YEAR VISION FOR A VASTLY IMPROVED RESIDENTIAL EDUCATION Blended educa*on Intelligent combina*ons of the physical and virtual Intelligent combina*ons of formal and non- formal Seamless integra*on of learning for UGs to Alums UGs in residence, Alums periodically sample via cyberspace with customizable learning modules Shi\ frames of reference Scarcity to Abundance (of easily available knowledge) Learner to Par*cipant - demand pull learning 30

31 Unlocking Knowledge Inspiring a Movement The OpenCourseWare Consortium ~250 institutions 100 live OCW sites ~13,000 courses

32 BLOSSOMS provides a free online repository of interactive video lessons for high school math and science classes.

33 Seems like all MOOCs all the time 33

34 at a glance Began May 2012 by MIT and Harvard 27 institutions 60 courses 1 million course enrollments with students from 192 countries Source; edx Media Kit sites/default/files/mediakit/2013/06/03/ edx_media_kit_june.pdf 34

35 Circuits and Electronics (6.002x) Khan Academy-like videos Questions between video segments Tutorials Discussion forum Wiki Assessments (problem sets, labs, midterm, final) 35

36 36

37 Sources of data for TLL study Clickstream data 230 million interactions * IP addresses, interactions with course components, assignments and exams Threads on discussion forum 12,696 threads/96,696 posts Questions, answers, or comments End-of-course survey 7,000+ [matrix sample] I worked completely I worked with another Other I worked with

38 Research ques5ons 1. Who are the students in 6.002x? 2. What relationships can be seen between background achievement? 3. What relationships can be seen between use of resources use of resources achievement? persistence? 38

39 Some insights from the data Collaboration matters. Prerequisite knowledge is key. Time on task is related to success. Students will make use of multiple forms of the material presented. 39

40 Goals (from Princeton) Gain first- hand knowledge Encourage innova*on in teaching at Princeton Advance our mission in the na*on s service, and in the service of all na*ons To date, seven offerings across five disciplines Introduc*on to Sociology Networks: Friends, Money, and Bytes Computer Architecture A History of the World since 1300 Sta*s*cs One Algorithms Analy*c Combinatorics 40

41 Early Observa*ons Early Observa*ons Collabora*on (McGraw Center for Teaching and Learning) Produc*on values and costs (Broadcast Center) Public benefit ( in the service of all na*ons ) Poten*al to enhance teaching on campus flipping the student and the professor impor*ng the global perspec*ve Research Provoca*on I had begun worrying about how I could bring the New Jersey campus experience to [the world]; I ended by thinking about how to bring the world back to the classroom in Princeton. -Mitchell Duneier 41

42 From this Course Design to this to this! 42

43 The Evolu5on of Engineering Educa5on in the United States Na*onal Picture Innova*ve Approaches Olin College Purdue RPI & Georgia Tech Arizona State University MIT Impact of Online Educa*on Con5nuing Challenges 43

44 Challenges Further need to redo engineering curricula around what is known about effec*ve learning Demographic challenges of women and underrepresented minori*es entering engineering Unknown impact of MOOCs especially on the development of the so\ skills

45 Undergraduate Engineering Curriculum The Ul5mate Design Challenge by Susan Ambrose (2013) Findings from learning research on the educa*onal value of building curricula that provide Context and integra*on across *me and courses that transfer knowledge and skills to new contexts Early exposure to engineering and engineers (thinking like an engineer) Meaningful classroom engagement leads to deep learning (deliberate prac*ce coupled with targeted feedback)

46 Undergraduate Engineering Curriculum The Ul5mate Design Challenge by Susan Ambrose (2013) Findings from learning research on the educa*onal value of building curricula that provide Opportuni*es for reflec*on to connect thinking and doing (e.g wri*ng to learn, e- porzolios) Development of metacogni*ve skills to foster self- directed, lifelong learning skills (assess, evaluate, plan, apply, reflect) Authen*c experien*al learning opportuni*es to put theory into prac*ce in the real world (co- ops, service learning, internships)

47 Much concern over STEM shortage: BS Degrees Engineering- last decade (ASEE) Year Bachelor s Degrees , , , , , , , , , , , ,820

48 Inten*ons/degrees Engineering by Sex

49 Women Engineers

50 Inten*ons/degrees Engineering by Race

51 Women and Minority Engineering Faculty Best way to handle gaps in Engineering education is Role Models Summer Programs Research Experiences Professional Development Activities Academic Support & Social Integration Mentoring 51

52 The Evolu*on of Engineering Educa*on in the United States and at MIT Na*onal Picture Innova*ve Approaches Olin College Purdue RPI & Georgia Tech MIT Arizona State University The Impact of Online Educa*on Conclusion 52

53 The Evolu*on of Engineering Educa*on in the United States - Conclusion Engineering educa*on con*nues to evolve in the US More focus on using theories of learning More focus on bringing in ac*ve learning More focus on integra*ng design early into the educa*on Schools are using a variety of approaches to improve engineering educa*on MOOCs may be a forcing func*on Large Challenges in demographics The Result: Islands of success Engineering is becoming more alrac*ve to young people (but with demographic challenges) Much more needs to be done! 53

54 Ques*ons?

55 Women Share of S&E degrees 55

56 Context for Engineering Breakthroughs in technology Demographics Challenges Economic/societal forces 56

57 Share of S&E bachelors degrees 57

58 Salaries for S&E people

59 Engineering Graduates & Occupa*ons (1999) Engineering Graduates 2.8M Principal Occupation Engineering 1.7M 1.5M 1.3M 0.4M Engineering graduates not employed as engineers Engineering graduates employed as engineers Non-engineering graduates Source: The Education and Employment of Engineering Graduates,

60 Share of selected region s/country s cita5ons to interna5onal literature: Percent Japan United States China Asia-8 40 EU Asia- 8 = India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand; EU = European Union

61 Student Engagement Results for Olin College Senior-year Student Engagement 1.6 Mean Score (in Std Dev from NSSE Mean) Olin College Engineering Liberal Arts NSSE Level of Academic Challenge Active and Collaborative Learning Student-Faculty Interaction Enriching Educational Experiences Supportive Campus Environment 61

62 Olin College Overview Undergraduate residen*al engineering educa*on Total enrollment of about 300 Nearly 50% women BS degrees in ECE, ME, Engr 9- to- 1 student/faculty ra*o Founded in 1997, first graduates in 2006 Endowment ~ $350 million Research expenditures ~ $1 million/yr Adjacent to Babson College, Wellesley College 75 acres and 400,000+ sq. \. new buildings No academic departments No tenure Low tui*on Con*nuous improvement 62

63 Expanded Design Spectrum at Olin College 63

64 Our Focus is on Developing Leadership and communica*on skills Understanding of global and cultural differences Comfort and experience applying modern and tradi*onal technologies Confidence Judgment Decisiveness The ability to manage risk 64

65 The Evolu*on of Engineering Educa*on in the United States and at MIT Na*onal Picture Innova*ve Approaches Purdue RPI & Georgia Tech Arizona State University Olin College MIT Perspec5ve 65

66 Content Evolu*on: MIT Engineering In 1950 Civil Engineering Mechanical Engineering Metallurgy Electrical Engineering Chemical Engineering General Engineering Sanitary Engineering Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering Economics and Engineering Business and Engineering Administra*on Aeronau*cal Engineering In 2000 Civil and Environment Engineering Mechanical Engineering Material Science and Engineering Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Chemical Engineering Ocean Engineering Nuclear Engineering Aeronau*cal and Astronau*cal Engineering Biological Engineering Engineering Systems 66

67 Undergraduates Entering MIT 40% are valedictorians 89% are in the top 5% of their class 21% are recognized Academic Stars 20% are accomplished Art, Music or Athle*c Stars 71% held leadership posi*ons in high school 24% underrepresented minori*es 19% first genera*on to college 55% male and 45% female Source: MIT Admissions, Class of

68 Task Force Goals for an MIT Educa*on An MIT educa*on is one grounded in science and technology that: l ignites a passion for learning, l provides the intellectual and personal founda*ons for future development, and l illuminates the breadth, depth and diversity of human knowledge and experience, in order to enable each student to develop a personal coherent intellectual iden*ty. 68

69 What Should an Educated Individual Know? Fundamental studies in HASS: Human cultures History Literature Economics Government Social structures & organiza*ons Foreign language Philosophy Wri*ng skills Speaking skills Ability to analyze complex texts Sensi*vity to ar*s*c expression Understanding of global systems Science, Technology & Society Ethics Diversity Management Design Rigorous fundamentals of science and math: Physics Chemistry Math Biology Computa*on Engineering ideas and methods Probability and sta*s*cs Complex systems Neuroscience Earth science Environmental studies Differen*al equa*ons Linear algebra Departmental Program 69

70 MIT SB Degree Programs: Rules General Ins*tute Requirements (GIRs) 17 subjects 8 Humani*es, Arts and Social Sciences subjects 6 Science and Math Ins*tute Lab 2 Restricted Elec*ves in Science and Technology subjects Departmental Programs 11 subjects (132 units) 3- subject overlap with GIRs allows up to maximum of 15.5 subjects units, including 48 unrestricted elec*ves Total of subject programs 70

71 Third Task Force Goal and Outcomes Educa5onal Goal #3* Every MIT undergraduate should be knowledgeable enough about the humane culture of society and adept enough in social interac*ons to par*cipate as an effec*ve ci*zen and innovator Selected Outcome Metrics Successful comple*on of the humani*es and communica*on requirements Frequency of opportuni*es for developing leadership and team- work Student- reported change in ability to func*on effec*vely as a team member Student- reported change in ability to relate well to people of different races, na*ons and religions Student- reported change in ability to lead others Alumni entrepreneurship and innova*on * This is one of the four high-level educational goals defined by the 2006 Task Force on the Undergraduate Educational Commons 71

72 Be Knowledgeable About the Humane Culture of Society and Adept in Social Interactions MIT s humanities and communications requirements are designed to meet this goal. % of Seniors reporting stronger or much stronger ability since starting college 73% Relate well to people of different races, na*ons, and religions Lead and supervise tasks and groups of people 53% 81% % Source: Senior Survey 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 72

73 Alumni Entrepreneurship and Innovation 17% of MIT undergraduate students patent an invention within 15 years of graduation; On average, MIT alumni inventors produce six patents each MIT engineers are 5x more inventive than the average engineer: MIT produces.25% of U.S. engineering grads and they produce 1.2% of all U.S. engineering patents Source: Phan Shu, PhD Research on Innovation presented at MIT 11/22/11 1/3 of MIT SB Graduates 25 Yrs Out Report Starting a New Company 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 24% 20% 34% 31% As an early employee As a founder 15% 10% 11% 7% Note: An alum can be both a founder and an early employee. 5% 0% 2-5 years out years out years out Source: 2009 Alumni Survey 73

74 Indirect Measures Direct Measures Assessing Learning Outcomes Educational Researchers Freshman surveys Alumni surveys Graduation rates Number of students progressing to advanced degrees Standardized tests of general education skills Think-aloud protocols Faculty Grades Concept questions, mud cards Course evaluations (early semester and end-ofsemester) Survey of students attitudes and/or reflections on their learning Exit interviews Grades Standardized tests of disciplinary knowledge Pre-test/post-tests Analysis of student work products ABET accreditation data Observations of students performing a task Portfolios compiled over course of undergraduate study 74

75 Source of Knowledge and Skills MIT Alumni Source: Kristen Wolfe, B.S. Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, June

76 Knowledge and Skills MIT Alumni Mean Frequency of Use Source: Kristen Wolfe, B.S. Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, June

77 Changes at MIT (s*ll wrapped around tradi*onal core) Ac*ve technology enabled learning TEAL Classroom Focus on developing engineering leaders Gordon Engineering Leadership Program Focus on holis*c development CDIO Ini*a*ve Development of flexible engineering degrees Focus on undergraduate prac*ce opportuni*es 77

78 Evalua*on of TEAL Learning Outcomes: Increases Seen Long Term (6 months) Scores Control Experimental Pre Test Post Test Retention Gains n=52 control n=120 experimental Source: Dori, Y.J., E. Hult, L. Breslow, & J. W. Belcher (2005). The Retention of Concepts from a Freshmen Electromagnetism Course by MIT Upperclass Students, paper delivered at the NARST annual conference. 78

79 Gordon Leadership Engineering Program Mission: To educate and develop the character of outstanding MIT students as potential future leaders in the world of engineering practice and development, and to endeavor to transform engineering leadership in the nation, thereby significantly increasing its product development capability Program Goals 1. To prepare all MIT engineering students to be more effec*ve contributors to engineering innova*on, inven*on, and implementa*on efforts 2. To educate and prepare the poten*al future leaders of engineering innova*on, inven*on, and implementa*on efforts 3. To increase the focus of na*onal engineering educa*on on the development of leaders of engineering innova*on, inven*on, and implementa*on 79

80 Gordon Leadership Program s Strategic Approach Designed to demonstrate an impact on: All MIT engineering students through systema*c enrichment of departmental programs Many MIT engineering students through a set of augmen*ng elec*ve modules, subjects and learning experiences, which taken together, might be at the level of an MIT concentra*on A rela*vely few MIT engineering students through focused mentored leadership development experiences, internships, seminars and subjects, which taken together, might be at the level of an MIT minor These areas are synergis*cally linked in that the few will help to lead the many, who in turn will contribute to the all The Program also engages a network of alumni and industrial par*cipants who ac*vely provide support by mentoring students and proposing projects 80

81 81

82 CDIO Standards 1. CDIO as Context for Engineering Educa*on 2. Syllabus Outcomes - Specific, Detailed Learning Outcomes 3. Integrated Curriculum 4. Introduc*on to Engineering 5. Design- Build Experiences 6. Workspaces that encourage hands- on learning 7. Integrated Learning Experiences 8. Ac*ve Learning 9. Enhancement of Faculty CDIO Skills 10. Enhancement of Faculty Teaching Skills 11. Skills Assessment of Student Learning 12. Program Evalua*on 82

83 Features of the Flexible Engineering Degree Flexibility grounded in engineering fundamentals of a given discipline Improves students ability to move from disciplinary founda*ons of their engineering major to mul*disciplinary prac*ce. Responds to changes in the professional world our graduates Each degree would (could) meet ABET accredita*on requirements for engineering degrees Graduates would be prepared for graduate school in engineering disciplines and other disciplines Implementable in current organiza*onal framework (where departments are responsible for students) 83

84 Ra*onale for a Flexible Engineering Degree: SOE Students and Alumni In surveys, students and alums say they desire improvements in the MIT SOE program in the areas of: Development of engineering leadership abili*es Prepara*on for work in global, mul*cultural organiza*on Opportuni*es for interdisciplinary study Provision of more flexible engineering curricula 84

85 SOE students pursuing broader programs of study via minors and double degrees (50% with most outside of engineering) ** preliminary survey sampling of SOE Class 2011 sophomores only under new double degree rules. For Class 2011, % double degrees indicates intention to complete, not completion. 85

86 The world is always changing And as a result institutions of higher educations must constantly reinvent themselves. But amidst this endless change, the founding values endure. 86

87 Bottom line on current thinking Physical proximity most valuable for UGs bumping into other smart people efficiently Speed, density of network connec*ons is increasing Click and brick are now more important then ever Core strategy: Must maintain our focus on innova*on and transforma*on Core strategy: Must con*nue to alract the very best students. More and more important to draw globally MIT should be a place where great things happen easily. Propor*on of people who make great things is high at MIT - need to keep this 87

88 Faculty Engagement Faculty- Centered Approach Scaffold the development of teaching prac*ces Take a long- term view of our rela*onships with our faculty partners Consultant role Our efforts are guided by faculty needs/requests Help faculty to iden*fy other support needs Workload management for faculty and AIs Simplifying course logis*cs The feedback cards, plus some other intangibles, have made the students very interactive -- far more than last year at this time. -- Sam Wang 88

89 NAE Grand Challenges for 21 st Century Make solar energy economical Provide energy from fusion Develop carbon sequestra*on methods Manage the nitrogen cycle Provide access to clean water Restore and improve urban infrastructure Advance health informa*cs Engineer beler medicines Reverse engineer the brain Prevent nuclear terror Secure cyberspace Enhance virtual reality Advance personalized learning Engineer the tools of scien*fic discovery 89

90 R&D performed in the United States by U.S. affiliates of foreign companies, by inves5ng region, and R&D performed abroad by foreign affiliates of U.S. mul5na5onal corpora5ons, by host region: 1998 and 2008 Current U.S. dollars (billions)!+#$"(%!"#/&'!-#&*(%!"#+,'!"#**(%!$#-,'(!-&#$)(%!"/#*-'!$*#"/(%!"&#-.'!,#**(%!$#./'!"#*+ %!&#+,'!"#)&(%!&#*&'!"#$" %!&#""'(!&#-/(%!&#"-'!"#&/(%!&#"*' ((((!&#&/(%!&#&*'( NOTES: Preliminary es*mates for 2008 (1998 data in parentheses).

91 Beyond The Curriculum at Olin Making universi*es and engineering schools exci*ng, crea*ve, adventurous, rigorous, demanding, and empowering milieus is more important than specifying curricular details Chuck Vest, MIT President Emeritus Autudes and Behaviors Can Do Teamwork Core Values and Ethics Entrepreneurial Thinking Mo*va*ons An insa*able appe*te for learning and innova*on Drive to become adap*ve, independent, life- long learners Passion to make a posi*ve difference in the world 91