COGNATES. Spanish words that end in -a, -o or -e very often have an equivalent in English. Simply drop or change the last vowel.

Transcription

1 COGNATES Many words in English have nearly identical Spanish cognates. Only the pronunciation is different and, at most, a very little spelling change. antena área auto cañón chocolate conclusión cónsul familiar gala gas hotel idea melón millón plaza radio regular religión similar teléfono villa Spanish words that end in -a, -o or -e very often have an equivalent in English. Simply drop or change the last vowel. aire atleta (athlete) costo creativo credito dieta drama estado estilo (style) favorito figura forma grande (big) guitarra líquido lista mapa medicina

2 minuto mucho nota objetivo parte persona poeta portero positivo producto práctica (practice) quieto rápido rosa (rose) uso (use) visita Many Spanish words that end in -ma are irregular in that they are masculine in gender, even though they end in the usually feminine -a. clima (climate) diagrama idioma (idiom,language) problema programa sistema (system) tema (theme) There are many Spanish cognates that end in -cion. The equivalent English word ends in -tion. Note that all of these words have the stress on the final syllable. Also, all of these words are feminine in gender. abreviación acción administración admiración atención atracción autorización celebración civilización clasificación comunicación concentración creación declaración demostración

3 descripción determinación detonación educación evacuación exageración exploración imaginación imitación información inmigración investigación invitación modificación nación obligación observación ocupación operación organización orientación participación presentación pronunciación provocación puntuación recepción salvación satisfacción sensación separación transformación transportación vacación vegetación ventilación Words that end in -ary in English very often have a Spanish cognate that ends in -ario. aniversario diccionario necesario ordinario salario vocabulario Words that in in -dad are quite common in Spanish. They usually correspond to an English word that ends in -ty. All of these words are feminine in gender.

4 autoridad (authority) ciudad (city) comunidad dificultad enfermedad (infirmity, illness) formalidad necesidad prosperidad publicidad universidad velocidad English words that end in -ic usually have a Spanish cognate that simply add an -o. Atlántico automático democrático fanático lunático optimístico patriótico romántico sarcástico Like the previous category, English words that end in -ical have a Spanish cognate that ends in -ico. clásico cómico eléctrico físico político práctico técnico Also notice : Magnifico único English words that end in -ent often have a cognate in Spanish that ends in -ente. These words are usually adjectives. agente cliente diferente inteligente patente

5 Be careful with Spanish words that end in- mente (as opposed to just -ente). They usually have an English cognate that ends in -ly. These are adverbs. afortunadamente (fortunately) correctamente desafortunadamente (unfortunately) especialmente exactamente finalmente generalmente moralmente naturalmente obviamente (obviously) rapidamente Words that end in -ment in English have equivalents in Spanish that simply add an -o. These words are nouns. argumento monumento Words that end in -al in both English and Spanish are often cognates. animal anual capital central comercial especial general hospital intelectual local ocasional oficial original personal profesional total usual English words that end in -ence or -ance often have a Spanish cognate that ends in - encia or -ancia. diferencia distancia

6 experiencia importancia obediencia tolerancia -ant (or sometimes -ent)words in English sometimes end in -ante in Spanish. elegante estudiante importante restaurante Some English words that end in -ous have a Spanish cognate that ends in -oso. ambicioso curioso delicioso famoso glorioso gracioso ingenioso religioso English words with the ending -y sometimes have an equivalent in Spanish with the ending -ia or -io. familia farmacia (pharmacy) historia misterio remedio secretaria English words that end in -or often have a Spanish cognate that is identical. actor autor (author) color director doctor humor motor error profesor English words that end in -ist often have a Spanish cognate.

7 artista florista pianista turista