Data Centers as Demand Response Resources in the Electricity Market: Some Preliminary Results

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Data Centers as Demand Response Resources in the Electricity Market: Some Preliminary Results"

Transcription

1 Data Centers as Demand Response Resources in the Eectricity Maret: Some Preiminary Resuts Rui Wang ECE Department Drexe University Phiadephia, PA 19104, USA Nagarajan Kandasamy ECE Department Drexe University Phiadephia, PA 19104, USA Chia Nwanpa ECE Department Drexe University Phiadephia, PA 19104, USA ABSTRACT Eectric utiities have recenty instituted demand response (DR) programs, with economic incentives that encourage consumers to modify their demand eve and usage patterns during periods of pea oad as we as grid emergencies. Data centers, being major consumers of power, can pay an important roe in the efficient operation of eectrica grids. This paper describes wor aimed at deveoping an optimization framewor that aows data centers to be treated as DR resources that can effectivey participate in whoesae energy marets by reducing the consumption of eectricity in response to signas from utiity companies. As a return, data centers are paid a reward based on the prevaiing maret price of eectricity. We use a case study invoving a set of geographicay distributed data centers participating in an economic DR program to vaidate the framewor. Keywords Data centers, virtua machine migration, demand response program, whoesae eectricity maret 1. INTRODUCTION When eectricity demand is cose to the pea eve supported by the grid, this demand is usuay satisfied using ess efficient and higher cost generators; prices in whoesae marets can increase from ess than fifty doars per MWh off pea to hundreds of doars at pea hours. Under such circumstances, even a sma reduction in demand can resut in an appreciabe reduction in system margina costs of production. In recent years, demand response (DR) programs designed to encourage consumers to modify their eectric demand eve and usage pattern have become increasingy critica to the reiabe operation and transmission efficiency of an (aging) eectrica grid. Moreover, in dereguated eectricity marets where the margina generating unit determines the maret price for a oad, a drop in whoesae pea prices means that prices for a customers are aso hed in chec an important socia benefit [17]. A specific type of DR program caed economic DR is designed to provide monetary incentives to customers to reduce power consumption in response to price signas from the utiity when the maret price, so caed ocationa margina price (LMP) of energy is high. (Section 2 describes economic DR programs in more detai.) Data centers are major consumers of eectricity; a typica center consumes as much energy as 25,000 househods. In 2007, wordwide, there were about 30 miion servers consuming 100 TWh of Feedbac Computing 12, September 17, 2012, San Jose, Caifornia, USA.. energy amost 0.5% of the word s energy production at a cost of $9 biion; consumption increased even more so to 200 TWh in 2010 and has been projected to grow at about 9% annuay [2, 6]. Therefore, data centers can pay an important roe in ensuring the reiabe and efficient operation of eectrica grids wordwide whie generating additiona revenue from the eectricity maret. This paper describes preiminary wor aimed at deveoping mathematica modes and an optimization framewor, aowing a data center to be treated as a DR resource that can effectivey participate in whoesae energy marets by reducing consumption of eectricity in response to price signas from the utiity. The DR resources are paid the prevaiing LMP or some fraction thereof for such reductions. Prior research has deveoped operating techniques for data centers that tae into account the prevaiing LMP prices ony to reduce eectricity cost and Section 5 discusses the reated wor in more detai. The basic idea is one of sef scheduing: migrate the woroad in the form of virtua machines (s) within geographicay distributed data centers, thereby reducing the oad of data centers situated in areas with high LMPs. A recent FERC order impemented in Apri 2012 has, however, eiminated the option for sef scheduing and DR resources must now be dispatched (or ceared) by the responsibe utiity; that is, DR refers ony to energy modifying activities performed in response to expicit economic/reiabiity signas provided by the utiity. 1 The foowing ey issues must be addressed if data centers are to deeper participate in the DR maret and trade reduced power for economic reward. Utiities currenty issue DR notifications with a ead time of two to three hours aong with requirements on the amount of oad to be curtaied, usuay 100 W. So, data centers wishing to participate must coordinate and compete their migrations, and curtai the oad within this deadine. The migration time incurred per is a function of the avaiabe networ bandwidth and the geographica distance between data centers, imiting the number of s that can be migrated between two centers within the deadine. This constraint must be expicity considered in the optimization probem. Once the DR resource is dispatched by the utiity, faiure to achieve the said oad reduction when participating in certain DR programs incurs stiff financia penaties. So, when maing a decision to commit to such DR programs, the optimizer must consider the various riss that may cause the curtaiment operation to be utimatey unsuccessfu. One such ris factor is when s are in the process of being migrated during the two hour window but fuctuations in the avaiabe networ bandwidth cause migration times to increase more 1 In the US, the Federa Energy Reguatory Commission (FERC) has jurisdiction over inter-state and whoesae eectric rates.

2 Power (W) ead me down me 0 t1 t2 t3 Time (hour) Figure 2: The overa operating principe underying the RTDR and EDR programs. Figure 1: The LMPs vaues in a whoesae eectricity maret over a 24-hour period [11]. The Y-axis shows the $/MWh. than anticipated, and the number of migrated s is insufficient to achieve the promised oad reduction. Another ris factor is after s are migrated to destination data centers, the server provisioning needed to accommodate the incoming woroad variation is under-estimated, resuting in SLA vioations. These uncertainties/riss must be incorporated expicity within the optimization framewor as we. Finay, there is the issue of the financia reward: once the resource is ceared by the utiity, the actua reward is ony nown after the time of the settement. So, the optimizer must continuay earn the outcome of its DR actions and use it to guide future decisions. The optimization framewor presented in this paper is a step towards addressing the above issues and we present a case study invoving a set of data centers participating in an economic DR program, with promising resuts. To the best of our nowedge, this paper is the first to study how DR programs can be integrated into data center operations, thereby enabing them to trade the reduced power for financia reward. The paper is organized as foows. Section 2 famiiarizes the reader with the DR program. Section 3 deveops the optimization probem and Section 4 presents a DR case study using a set of distributed data centers. Section 5 discusses reated wor and we concude the paper in Section PRELIMINARIES This section first famiiarizes the reader with the demand response program in the US eectricity maret. We aso discuss issues reated to migration over wide area networs between geographicay distributed data centers. The demand response program: As of 2012, the eectricity maret in North America is managed by ten regiona transmission organizations (RTOs) and Independent System Operators (ISOs). For exampe, PJM Interconnection, the word s argest RTO, coordinates the movement of whoesae eectricity in 13 US states, serving about 50 miion peope. The case study presented in this paper uses PJM as an exampe; other RTOs/ISOs have simiar structures. The overa eectricity maret comprises both whoesae and retai marets [10]. In the whoesae maret, the competing suppiers (generators) se their eectricity output to retaiers with timechanging ocationa margina prices (LMPs) 2. Fig. 1 shows an exampe of LMP vaues for the city of Phiadephia over a 24-hour period. The whoesae maret contains two sub-marets: (1) the day-ahead maret which is a forward maret where houry prices are cacuated for the next operating day based on generation offers 2 LMP refects the vaue of the energy at the specific ocation and time it is deivered. Each ocation has its own regiona LMPs. and demand bids; and (2) the rea-time maret which is a spot maret where current prices are cacuated at the granuarity of minutes based on prevaiing operating conditions within the power grid. In the retai maret, the eectricity is re-priced and sod to end users (such as data centers) and as such, these customers tend to be unresponsive to the whoesae price. A demand response (DR) program aows end-user customers (aso caed DR resources) to participate in whoesae marets by reducing their eectricity consumption when LMP vaues are high or when the reiabiity of the eectric grid is threatened. In return, customers receive a corresponding economic reward (payment) [13]. PJM currenty offers three types of DR programs; customers can participate in these programs through agents caed curtaiment service providers [12, 17]. Economic DR is offered in both the day-ahead and rea-time marets when the LMP is higher than the monthy net benefits price (NBP). 3 Day-Ahead Demand Response (DADR) is a mandatory program where participants bids their proposed reduction in the day ahead maret and are subject to penaty for non-compiance. Rea-Time Demand Response (RTDR) is a vountary program in which PJM dispatches signas to participants requesting power reduction. Customers participating in this maret can choose whether to respond to this signa and no penaty exists for non-compiance. 4 Emergency DR (EDR) comprises both mandatory and vountary programs to reduce oad when PJM needs assistance to maintain the reiabiity of the eectric grid under suppy shortage or other emergency conditions. Anciary service DR incudes synchronized reserves with the abiity to reduce consumption within 10 minutes of PJM dispatch, day ahead scheduing reserves with the abiity to reduce consumption within 30 minutes, and reguation with the abiity to foow PJM s reguation and frequency signas. A customer may participant in mutipe DR programs. In this paper, we focus on integrating RTDR and EDR into data center operations, specificay to trade power reduction for economic reward. Athough RTDR and EDR signas are issued by PJM under different situations, they foow essentiay the same principe, as shown in Fig. 2. At time t 1, assume a participant is consuming a power of 3 The NBP represents a price at which the societa benefits gained from a reduction in LMP wi exceed the cost to pay for the economic DR (from a generation viewpoint). 4 Before Apri 2012, RTDR was sef-schedued by participants. However, since the impementation of FERC ORDER 745, participants must respond ony to notification signas from PJM to earn economic reward [12].

3 P W when it receives a signa from PJM requesting a reduction of P W by time t 2 and hoding it unti time t 5 3. In the RTDR program, the reward R during a given hour t is based on the rea time LMP as (1) shows P LMP t LMP t NBP R t = P (LMP t GT ) GT LMP t < NBP (1) 0 LMP t GT where GT is the generation and transmission components of the participant s eectric bi [12]. In the EDR program, R t is { P max($500/mw h, LMPt ) vountary R t = (2) P max(striep rice, LMP t ) mandatory where the strie price (up to $500/MWh) is the price at which the customer is wiing to participate in the maret [17]. As we can see from (1) and (2), the reward depends on the prevaiing LMP vaues from t 2 to t 3 (when the demand is actuay curtaied). Since these LMP vaues are unnown at t 1, participants must mae curtaiment decisions based on LMP vaues they predicted. migration across data centers: Data centers host onine services, in the form of enterprise appications, on distributed computing systems comprising heterogeneous networed servers. Virtuaization technoogy is usuay used to support mutipe services with fewer computing resources. This technoogy enabes a singe server to be shared among mutipe performance-isoated patforms caed virtua machines (), where each can support one or more services. Aso, virtuaization enabes on-demand computing where resources such as CPU, memory, and dis space are aocated to s as needed, based on the currenty prevaiing woroad demand, rather than staticay, based on the pea woroad demand. By dynamicay provisioning s and turning servers on/off as needed, data center operators can consoidate mutipe woroads onto fewer servers, achieving higher server utiization and curtaiing power consumption whie sti maintaining SLAs; numerous research studies have focused on this probem in great detai. 6 The use of dynamic power management schemes within a data center can mean that its rea-time power consumption P is aready (near) minima, eaving itte margin for further power curtaiment (in terms of P in Fig. 2) and precuding a singe data center from responding to DR signas, especiay given the minimum requirement of W on P. However, if a company has a number of geographicay distributed data centers, then by migrating some of the woroad (in the form of ive migrations), from source appication servers in one data center to destination appication servers in other data centers, we can shutdown the source servers to trade P for the reward whie sti maintaining the SLAs. 7 The s can migrate bac to source servers after time t 3. 5 The minimum P that the customer must achieve varies by RTO and typicay ies in the W range. The deviation between the requested reduction and the actuay measured curtaiment shoud be ess than 20%, and the notification ead time and downtime are usuay a coupe of hours [12]. 6 For exampe, Wang and Kandasamy study decentraized contro architectures designed to maintain, at any given time, the fewest number of operationa servers, each of which are highy consoidated, so that the rea-time power consumption P within a data center is substantiay reduced [18]. 7 We assume that s in the appication tier process session-based woroad. So, to maintain the sessions of redispatched woroads, each s state must be copied over to the destination, whie its storage (maintained within the database tier) can stay within the source data center. For sessioness woroads, the corresponding s need not to be migrated to the destination; the necessary s can be freshy instantiated, and the design in Section 3 can be easiy simpified to fit this situation. Figure 3: The ocations of distributed data centers used in our case study. In this exampe, the bue ines indicate communication ins ess than 500 iometers between data centers, whereas red ines indicate ins more than 500 iometers (infeasibe for ive migration) or no in exist between data centers. Made with Googe Map. In terms of migration in wide area networs, ware s vmotion technoogy [15] combined with soutions from other vendors such as Cisco [16], F5 [7], and NetEx [5] aow s to be migrated between data centers as ong as the networ satisfies minimum bandwidth (622 Mbps) and round-trip atency requirements (not to exceed 10 miiseconds in vmotion 5.0, corresponding roughy to a one-way distance of 500 iometers) [3]. The migration time for a varies depending on its memory usage [4] as we as the distance (networ atency) and the avaiabe bandwidth between the data centers; for exampe, pubished data shows that it taes about 80 seconds for a with 8 GB of memory to migrate between two data centers 100 iometers away [16]. During the migration process, the appication hosted within the maintains a its sessions on the source server except for a transient drop in performance (again, measured to be around 10%) when the switches to execute on the destination server [16]. Finay, as a the s within a source server are migrated together excusivey to the same destination server, we must ensure that the CPU and memory capacity avaiabe at the destination server exceeds the source server, so that the current resource provisioning to the s can sti be satisfied at the destination to maintain a steady SLA. We assume the avaiabiity of geographicay distributed data centers situated in mutipe regiona eectrica marets. Fig. 3 and Tabe 1 show the data center ocations used in our case study. The centers supports different services and have inter-connections via dedicated fiber-optic ins. Finay, appication servers are categorized into mutipe types based on CPU and memory capacity, as shown in Fig. 4; servers with more CPU/memory resources are denoted using arger type numbers and a data center houses a mix of server types. We define i as one of the source data centers that migrates s out whereas j denotes one of the destination centers accommodating those s, and i j; and denote the server types within data centers i and j, respectivey; x i_j indicates the number of type servers in data center i migrated to type servers within center j, where ensures that the destination server possesses more CPU/memory resources than the source server. 3. PROBLEM FORMULATION The migration probem among mutipe source and destination data centers is posed as a unified mixed-integer inear programming (MILP) probem as shown beow and soved in rea time. Data centers may purchase eectricity from retaiers in mutipe ways: (1) a fixed amount of energy (in MWh), whose vaue is deter-

4 Type 1 server Type 1 server Data Center i Type 2 server Type 3 server Type 2 server Na i Type X i _ j Data Center j No j Type Type 4 server Figure 4: The scheme of ive migration from source data center i to destination data center j. mined via capacity panning, at a fixed annua monetary cost; (2) a fat rate (in $/MWh) for the power consumed; and (3) the rea-time LMP (in $/MWh) for the power consumed. If the eectricity is purchased as per case (1) mentioned above, for data centers that accommodate the migrated s the corresponding increase in power consumption does not ead to extra eectricity bis due to the fixed annua cost. The cost function is min (c x i_j ), (3) x i_j i where c is the round-trip migration cost in doars incurred by a type server due to the momentariy reduced SLA, and it is proportiona to the server s processing capacity. Equation (3) minimizes the cumuative migration cost incurred by a data centers. For case (2) of eectricity purchase, another term must be added to cacuate the difference in eectricity cost incurred due to the servers (s) that are migrated. For exampe, a hundred operating servers may cost x doars at the source data center; once migrated to the destination, however, they may cost y doars to operate because of: (a) s from a source server may be accommodated by a destination server that consumes more power, (b) different PUE ratings of the data centers, 8 and (c) the fat eectricity rates r may vary in different ocations. The cost function is then represented as min (c x i_j ) x i_j i j + [ t D (r j P UE j p i j j r i P UE i p ) x i_j ], (4) where p is the (computing) power consumed by a type server, and t D is the DR downtime. Finay, considering case (3), we can simpy estimate the rea time LMPs and use them to repace the rate r in Equation (4). The cost functions corresponding to a three cases are subject to 8 Power usage effectiveness (PUE) is the ratio of the tota amount of power used by a data center incuding cooing to its computing power. So, the PUE measures how efficienty a data center uses its power and varies by data centers. the foowing constraints: x i_j Z 0, (5) x i_j Na i, (6) j x i_j No j, (7) i t ij (m x i_j ) t L, (8) [ P UE i p ( Na i j ] x i_j ) P i P i. (9) Here constraint (6) ensures that the tota number of type servers migrated out of data center i can not exceed Na i, the estimated number of type servers in data center i that shoud be operationa to satisfy the incoming woroad intensity. Simiary, (7) guarantees that the tota number of servers migrated into type servers in data center j does not exceed No j, the estimated number of type servers in data center j that are ide (meaning they can accommodate incoming s). 9 In (8), m is the memory capacity of a type server and t ij is the time needed to migrate one GB of memory from data center i to j, cacuated as t ij = t 0 + a d ij, (10) where t 0 is the base time, a is a constant factor, and d ij is the distance between data centers. As per (8), migration of the chosen s must be competed within the avaiabe ead time t L, which imits the number of s that can be migrated between data centers. Finay, (9) guarantees that the power eventuay consumed by the active servers eft in data center i is no more than P i P i, where P i is the current power consumption and P i is the required power curtaiment. The financia reward R i earned by data center i from DR programs has uncertainties because it is reated to future LMPs. We can estimate it based on historica LMPs using we-nown forecasting methods such as Hot s inear exponentia smoothing [9], and the resuting R i foows a norma distribution as per R i (µ i, σ 2 i ). (11) As the rewards at different ocations are independent, for mutipe source data centers we have R i ( µ i, σi 2 ). (12) i i i Then we can cacuate what is the probabiity that the tota reward i Ri exceeds the tota participation cost C (as per (3) or (4)) by a desired profit threshod P rofit set by data center operator, as P rob( i R i C P rofit). (13) The data center operator decides whether to accept the signa or not, based on the above probabiity. Once the offer is ceared by the RTO, the actua LMPs obtained which are ony nown after the downtime is fed bac to (11) to tune µ i and σ i. 9 A data center can estimate, based on the historica woroad intensity, how many servers ( Na) wi stay active during the downtime, and how many servers ( No) wi be ide across the ead time and downtime. An exampe is demonstrated in [18].

5 Tabe 1: Distances between the seven data centers, measured with Googe Map. Data Center (m) Phiadephia, PA New Brunswic, NJ New Yor, NJ Boston, MA Syracuse, NY Buffao, NY Pittsburgh, PA Tabe 2: The PUE ratings of the various data centers. Data Center PUE Tabe 3: The four types of servers housed within data centers. Server Type Frequency Cores (GHz) Memory (GB) Power Consumption (Watt) Migration Cost (Cent) Tabe 4: Number of servers in each of the seven data centers. Data Server Type Tota Center Number CASE STUDY This section uses a case study to demonstrate some preiminary simuation resuts. We first describe the ey simuation parameters which refect the situation in the rea word and then test scenarios wherein data centers participate in the DR program. As the goa of this paper is to vaidate the idea of data centers as DR resources, we ony demonstrate the first case of the three eectricity contract cases discussed in Section 2, meaning the objective function used in our simuations is Equation (3). Simuation parameters: Tabe 1 shows the seven data centers assumed in this case study. As discussed in Section 2, migration cannot happen between two ocations more than 500 iometers away; when the distance is ess than 500 iometers, the migration time is captured by (10). After curve fitting the experimenta data reported in [16] on migration times, t 0 in (10) is set to 6.3 and a is set to The data centers aso have different PUE ratings as shown in Tabe 2 and each ocation has its own regiona timechanging LMP vaues. Our simuations use the four different server types assumed in Tabe 3, where each type possesses different CPU and memory capacity and consumes a different amount of power. The round-trip migration cost of a server is proportiona to its processing capacity. Each data center houses hundreds of servers, with some mix invoving a four server types, as assumed in Tabe 4. One data center signaed at a time: In the first scenario, we test the migration coordination scheme when one data center is signaed by the RTO at a given time instant. Returning to Fig. 1, data center 1 receives a RTDR signa at hour 12 from PJM requesting a power curtaiment of 250 W from hours 15 to the end of hour Based on their own historica woroad intensity, the seven data 10 PJM is the RTO responsibe for the Phiadephia area whereas the Tabe 5: The estimated number of active and ide servers in the data centers. Data Estimated Active Servers Estimated Ide Servers Center centers independenty and simutaneousy estimate the number of servers that wi stay active ( Na) as we as ide ( No) during this event, as shown in Tabe 5. Then, the controer in Section 3 finds an optima migration action, which specifies the number of type servers to migrate from data center 1 to type servers in center j as shown in Tabe 6, so that the projected power curtaiment is W. Finay, using historica LMP vaues in Phiadephia, the controer computes the estimated reward R 1 (332.5, ) and decides that the profit woud exceed the desired threshod $270 with a probabiity of 93.5% (the threshod is whatever the operator desires). If the operator decides to respond to PJM s signa, then data center 1 and the other data centers invoved in the migration pan can specify which servers to migrate out and which servers to accommodate the incoming s, respectivey. Mutipe data centers signaed at a time: The proposed method aso wors when mutipe data centers receive RTO signas at the same time. In this scenario, we assume that data centers 1 and 4 both receive signas, requiring oad curtaiments of 200 and 100 W, respectivey. The controer decides an optima migration poicy as shown in Tabe 7 and computes that the chance to earn more than $350 is 89.4%. The above discussed scenarios are both summarized in Tabe 8. It is possibe that n data centers receives their own RTO signas at the same time but a soution is not found because the constraints (5) through (9) are not a satisfied. In this situation, the controer woud move to chec if n 1 of the data centers can commit to the DR, and so on. Finay, if we assume an average profit of $300 per event and that the seven data centers fufi a tota of three events per day, then the annua profit woud be $ = $328, RELATED WORK Qureshi et a. [14] show how to expoit the voatiity in the dayahead eectricity marets using a set of distributed data centers to reduce overa energy cost. The repicated data centers with high day-ahead prices are deactivated and the woroad is rerouted to active ones with ower LMPs. The method wi not wor for sessionbased woroad since it does not consider migration cost and time, and more importanty, a DR program is not discussed. Abbasi et a. [1] propose a dynamic appication hosting management scheme for distributed data centers to minimize the cumuative energy, server switching, and woroad migration costs (for statefu woroad), by determining the number of active servers and the woroad share of each data center. However, the authors assume homogeneous servers in a data center with identica power consumption. Moreover, appications are assumed to be hosted within non-virtuaized servers, maing it practica infeasibe to perform migration for statefu woroad. Aso, instead of predicting the LMPs, they assume that eectricity prices are nown a priori, and do not consider DR programs. Irwin et a. [8] present a staggered Boston area, considered in the next scenario, is managed by ISO New Engand.

6 Tabe 6: The number of servers migrated out from data center 1 to other data centers. Data Center Server Type Tabe 7: The number of servers migrated out from data centers 1 and 4 to other data centers. Data Center Server Type Tabe 8: Summary of the two scenarios discussed in the paper. Scenario Data Rea Power Estimated Reward ($) Migration Desired Profit Success Center Curtaiment (W) µ σ Cost ($) Threshod ($) Probabiity % % bining approach for storage systems within a data center where hard diss are turned on/off so that the power consumption is adjusted based on the time-of-use LMPs or power variations from renewabe energy sources. However, the power consumption, as controed by the storage system, is a form of sef scheduing and is not compatibe with the atest FERC order that stipuates DR resources to be dispatched by the utiity [12]. Financia reward is not introduced in this paper to refect the other benefit of DR. To summarize, the essentia difference is that the above-discussed papers aim to cut costs by reducing a chun of power, whie our idea is aso to earn reward/profit with this chun of power by integrating DR programs into data center operations. 6. DISCUSSION We have described wor aimed at deveoping an optimization framewor that aows data centers to be treated as DR resources that can participate in whoesae energy marets and earn finicia reward by reducing the consumption of eectricity in response to price signas from utiity companies. Some simuation resuts invoving data centers participating in economic DR programs in mutipe RTO marets were presented to vaidate the framewor. Our DR discussions have assumed that the minimum oad curtaiment that must be achieved by a singe data center is in the W range. We expect these minimum curtaiment eves to decrease as the instaation of more sensitive and accurate metering systems becomes widespread in the future. Moreover, the recent FERC order aows for the creation of an aggregate of mutipe data-center ocations (with no imit on the number of ocations) that can participate in DR programs as a singe entity as ong as the curtaiment eve is greater than 100 W and the ocations fa under the same oad serving entity and eectric distribution company. We are currenty extending the proposed framewor to accommodate such aggregations as we as the uncertainty and ris reated to migrations over wide-area networs. 7. REFERENCES [1] Z. Abbasi, T. Muherjee, G. Varsamopouos, and S. K. S. Gupta. DAHM: A green and dynamic web appication hosting manager across geographicay distributed data centers. ACM Journa on emerging technoogy, [2] D. Bouey. Estimating a data center s eectrica carbon footprint, Apri [3] Cisco. Data center interconnect design guide for virtuaized woroad mobiity with Cisco, NetApp and ware, [4] Cisco. Data center interconnect impementation guide for virtuaized woroad mobiity with Cisco, EMC and ware, [5] DeepStorage. HyperIP enabes otion over WAN, [6] EPA. Report to congress on server and data center energy efficiency, Juy [7] F5. Depoying the BIG-IP v10.2 to enabe ong distance ive migration with ware vsphere vmotion, [8] D. Irwin, N. Sharma, and P. Shenoy. Towards continuous poicy-driven demand response in data centers. In ACM Worshop on Green Networing, Aug [9] S. G. Maridais, S. C. Wheewright, and R. J. Hyndman. Forecasting: methods and appications. Wiey, [10] PJM. Marets & operations. marets-and-operations.aspx. [11] PJM. Introduction to PJM demand response, Oct [12] PJM. PJM demand side response overview, May [13] PJM. Retai eectricity consumer opportunities for demand response in PJM s whoesae marets, [14] A. Qureshi. Pugging into energy maret diversity. In 7th ACM Worshop on Hot Topics in Networs, Oct [15] ware. ware vsphere vmotion: 5.4 times faster than Hyper-V ive migration, [16] ware and Cisco. Virtua machine mobiity with ware otion and Cisco data center interconnect technoogies, [17] R. Waawaar, S. Fernands, N. Thaur, and K. R. Chevva. Evoution and current status of demand response (DR) in eectricity marets: Insights from PJM and NYISO. Energy, 35(4): , [18] R. Wang and N. Kandasamy. On the design of decentraized contro architectures for woroad consoidation in arge-scae server custers. In Int. Conf. on Autonomic computing, 2012.

Australian Bureau of Statistics Management of Business Providers

Australian Bureau of Statistics Management of Business Providers Purpose Austraian Bureau of Statistics Management of Business Providers 1 The principa objective of the Austraian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) in respect of business providers is to impose the owest oad

More information

GREEN: An Active Queue Management Algorithm for a Self Managed Internet

GREEN: An Active Queue Management Algorithm for a Self Managed Internet : An Active Queue Management Agorithm for a Sef Managed Internet Bartek Wydrowski and Moshe Zukerman ARC Specia Research Centre for Utra-Broadband Information Networks, EEE Department, The University of

More information

Chapter 3: e-business Integration Patterns

Chapter 3: e-business Integration Patterns Chapter 3: e-business Integration Patterns Page 1 of 9 Chapter 3: e-business Integration Patterns "Consistency is the ast refuge of the unimaginative." Oscar Wide In This Chapter What Are Integration Patterns?

More information

Application and Desktop Virtualization

Application and Desktop Virtualization Appication and Desktop Virtuaization Content 1) Why Appication and Desktop Virtuaization 2) Some terms reated to vapp and vdesktop 3) Appication and Desktop Deivery 4) Appication Virtuaization 5)- Type

More information

Integrating Risk into your Plant Lifecycle A next generation software architecture for risk based

Integrating Risk into your Plant Lifecycle A next generation software architecture for risk based Integrating Risk into your Pant Lifecyce A next generation software architecture for risk based operations Dr Nic Cavanagh 1, Dr Jeremy Linn 2 and Coin Hickey 3 1 Head of Safeti Product Management, DNV

More information

Teamwork. Abstract. 2.1 Overview

Teamwork. Abstract. 2.1 Overview 2 Teamwork Abstract This chapter presents one of the basic eements of software projects teamwork. It addresses how to buid teams in a way that promotes team members accountabiity and responsibiity, and

More information

WHITE PAPER BEsT PRAcTIcEs: PusHIng ExcEl BEyond ITs limits WITH InfoRmATIon optimization

WHITE PAPER BEsT PRAcTIcEs: PusHIng ExcEl BEyond ITs limits WITH InfoRmATIon optimization Best Practices: Pushing Exce Beyond Its Limits with Information Optimization WHITE Best Practices: Pushing Exce Beyond Its Limits with Information Optimization Executive Overview Microsoft Exce is the

More information

Introduction the pressure for efficiency the Estates opportunity

Introduction the pressure for efficiency the Estates opportunity Heathy Savings? A study of the proportion of NHS Trusts with an in-house Buidings Repair and Maintenance workforce, and a discussion of eary experiences of Suppies efficiency initiatives Management Summary

More information

Hybrid Interface Solutions for next Generation Wireless Access Infrastructure

Hybrid Interface Solutions for next Generation Wireless Access Infrastructure tec. Connectivity & Networks Voker Sorhage Hybrid Interface Soutions for next Generation Wireess Access Infrastructure Broadband wireess communication wi revoutionize every aspect of peope s ives by enabing

More information

Dynamic Pricing Trade Market for Shared Resources in IIU Federated Cloud

Dynamic Pricing Trade Market for Shared Resources in IIU Federated Cloud Dynamic Pricing Trade Market or Shared Resources in IIU Federated Coud Tongrang Fan 1, Jian Liu 1, Feng Gao 1 1Schoo o Inormation Science and Technoogy, Shiiazhuang Tiedao University, Shiiazhuang, 543,

More information

Serving the Millennial Generation - The Challenge and Opportunity for Financial Services Companies

Serving the Millennial Generation - The Challenge and Opportunity for Financial Services Companies Serving the Miennia Generation - The Chaenge and Opportunity for Financia Services Companies May 2015 Christopher J. Perry, CFA Equity Research Anayst Today, the Miennia Generation (or Generation Y), broady

More information

Precise assessment of partial discharge in underground MV/HV power cables and terminations

Precise assessment of partial discharge in underground MV/HV power cables and terminations QCM-C-PD-Survey Service Partia discharge monitoring for underground power cabes Precise assessment of partia discharge in underground MV/HV power cabes and terminations Highy accurate periodic PD survey

More information

3.3 SOFTWARE RISK MANAGEMENT (SRM)

3.3 SOFTWARE RISK MANAGEMENT (SRM) 93 3.3 SOFTWARE RISK MANAGEMENT (SRM) Fig. 3.2 SRM is a process buit in five steps. The steps are: Identify Anayse Pan Track Resove The process is continuous in nature and handed dynamicay throughout ifecyce

More information

Bite-Size Steps to ITIL Success

Bite-Size Steps to ITIL Success 7 Bite-Size Steps to ITIL Success Pus making a Business Case for ITIL! Do you want to impement ITIL but don t know where to start? 7 Bite-Size Steps to ITIL Success can hep you to decide whether ITIL can

More information

A Description of the California Partnership for Long-Term Care Prepared by the California Department of Health Care Services

A Description of the California Partnership for Long-Term Care Prepared by the California Department of Health Care Services 2012 Before You Buy A Description of the Caifornia Partnership for Long-Term Care Prepared by the Caifornia Department of Heath Care Services Page 1 of 13 Ony ong-term care insurance poicies bearing any

More information

The definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results

The definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results insurance services Sma Business Insurance a market opportunity being missed Einstein may not have known much about insurance, but if you appy his definition to the way existing brands are deveoping their

More information

CERTIFICATE COURSE ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND SUSTAINABILITY. Course Offered By: Indian Environmental Society

CERTIFICATE COURSE ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND SUSTAINABILITY. Course Offered By: Indian Environmental Society CERTIFICATE COURSE ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND SUSTAINABILITY Course Offered By: Indian Environmenta Society INTRODUCTION The Indian Environmenta Society (IES) a dynamic and fexibe organization with a goba vision

More information

Pay-on-delivery investing

Pay-on-delivery investing Pay-on-deivery investing EVOLVE INVESTment range 1 EVOLVE INVESTMENT RANGE EVOLVE INVESTMENT RANGE 2 Picture a word where you ony pay a company once they have deivered Imagine striking oi first, before

More information

Ricoh Healthcare. Process Optimized. Healthcare Simplified.

Ricoh Healthcare. Process Optimized. Healthcare Simplified. Ricoh Heathcare Process Optimized. Heathcare Simpified. Rather than a destination that concudes with the eimination of a paper, the Paperess Maturity Roadmap is a continuous journey to strategicay remove

More information

Fast Robust Hashing. ) [7] will be re-mapped (and therefore discarded), due to the load-balancing property of hashing.

Fast Robust Hashing. ) [7] will be re-mapped (and therefore discarded), due to the load-balancing property of hashing. Fast Robust Hashing Manue Urueña, David Larrabeiti and Pabo Serrano Universidad Caros III de Madrid E-89 Leganés (Madrid), Spain Emai: {muruenya,darra,pabo}@it.uc3m.es Abstract As statefu fow-aware services

More information

Early access to FAS payments for members in poor health

Early access to FAS payments for members in poor health Financia Assistance Scheme Eary access to FAS payments for members in poor heath Pension Protection Fund Protecting Peope s Futures The Financia Assistance Scheme is administered by the Pension Protection

More information

Oracle Hyperion Tax Provision. User's Guide Release 11.1.2.2

Oracle Hyperion Tax Provision. User's Guide Release 11.1.2.2 Orace Hyperion Tax Provision User's Guide Reease 11.1.2.2 Tax Provision User's Guide, 11.1.2.2 Copyright 2013, Orace and/or its affiiates. A rights reserved. Authors: EPM Information Deveopment Team Orace

More information

With the arrival of Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) and its industry

With the arrival of Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) and its industry Knowedge-based Autonomous Agents for Pervasive Computing Using AgentLight Fernando L. Koch and John-Jues C. Meyer Utrecht University Project AgentLight is a mutiagent system-buiding framework targeting

More information

Chapter 3: JavaScript in Action Page 1 of 10. How to practice reading and writing JavaScript on a Web page

Chapter 3: JavaScript in Action Page 1 of 10. How to practice reading and writing JavaScript on a Web page Chapter 3: JavaScript in Action Page 1 of 10 Chapter 3: JavaScript in Action In this chapter, you get your first opportunity to write JavaScript! This chapter introduces you to JavaScript propery. In addition,

More information

CONTRIBUTION OF INTERNAL AUDITING IN THE VALUE OF A NURSING UNIT WITHIN THREE YEARS

CONTRIBUTION OF INTERNAL AUDITING IN THE VALUE OF A NURSING UNIT WITHIN THREE YEARS Dehi Business Review X Vo. 4, No. 2, Juy - December 2003 CONTRIBUTION OF INTERNAL AUDITING IN THE VALUE OF A NURSING UNIT WITHIN THREE YEARS John N.. Var arvatsouakis atsouakis DURING the present time,

More information

Load Balancing in Distributed Web Server Systems with Partial Document Replication *

Load Balancing in Distributed Web Server Systems with Partial Document Replication * Load Baancing in Distributed Web Server Systems with Partia Document Repication * Ling Zhuo Cho-Li Wang Francis C. M. Lau Department of Computer Science and Information Systems The University of Hong Kong

More information

IT Governance Principles & Key Metrics

IT Governance Principles & Key Metrics IT Governance Principes & Key Metrics Smawood Maike & Associates, Inc. 9393 W. 110th Street 51 Corporate Woods, Suite 500 Overand Park, KS 66210 Office: 913-451-6790 Good governance processes that moves

More information

Design and Analysis of a Hidden Peer-to-peer Backup Market

Design and Analysis of a Hidden Peer-to-peer Backup Market Design and Anaysis of a Hidden Peer-to-peer Backup Market Sven Seuken, Denis Chares, Max Chickering, Mary Czerwinski Kama Jain, David C. Parkes, Sidd Puri, and Desney Tan December, 2015 Abstract We present

More information

Network/Communicational Vulnerability

Network/Communicational Vulnerability Automated teer machines (ATMs) are a part of most of our ives. The major appea of these machines is convenience The ATM environment is changing and that change has serious ramifications for the security

More information

Lexmark ESF Applications Guide

Lexmark ESF Applications Guide Lexmark ESF Appications Guide Hep your customers bring out the fu potentia of their Lexmark soutions-enabed singe-function and mutifunction printers Lexmark Appications have been designed to hep businesses

More information

Advanced ColdFusion 4.0 Application Development - 3 - Server Clustering Using Bright Tiger

Advanced ColdFusion 4.0 Application Development - 3 - Server Clustering Using Bright Tiger Advanced CodFusion 4.0 Appication Deveopment - CH 3 - Server Custering Using Bri.. Page 1 of 7 [Figures are not incuded in this sampe chapter] Advanced CodFusion 4.0 Appication Deveopment - 3 - Server

More information

Enhanced continuous, real-time detection, alarming and analysis of partial discharge events

Enhanced continuous, real-time detection, alarming and analysis of partial discharge events DMS PDMG-RH DMS PDMG-RH Partia discharge monitor for GIS Partia discharge monitor for GIS Enhanced continuous, rea-time detection, aarming and anaysis of partia discharge events Unrivaed PDM feature set

More information

Driving Accountability Through Disciplined Planning with Hyperion Planning and Essbase

Driving Accountability Through Disciplined Planning with Hyperion Planning and Essbase THE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE Orace Appications USERS GROUP summer 2012 Driving Accountabiity Through Discipined Panning with Hyperion Panning and Essbase Introduction to Master Data and Master Data

More information

Older people s assets: using housing equity to pay for health and aged care

Older people s assets: using housing equity to pay for health and aged care Key words: aged care; retirement savings; reverse mortgage; financia innovation; financia panning Oder peope s assets: using housing equity to pay for heath and aged care The research agenda on the ageing

More information

PREFACE. Comptroller General of the United States. Page i

PREFACE. Comptroller General of the United States. Page i - I PREFACE T he (+nera Accounting Office (GAO) has ong beieved that the federa government urgenty needs to improve the financia information on which it bases many important decisions. To run our compex

More information

Secure Network Coding with a Cost Criterion

Secure Network Coding with a Cost Criterion Secure Network Coding with a Cost Criterion Jianong Tan, Murie Médard Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Massachusetts Institute of Technoogy Cambridge, MA 0239, USA E-mai: {jianong, medard}@mit.edu

More information

Example of Credit Card Agreement for Bank of America Visa Signature and World MasterCard accounts

Example of Credit Card Agreement for Bank of America Visa Signature and World MasterCard accounts Exampe of Credit Card Agreement for Bank of America Visa Signature and Word MasterCard accounts PRICING INFORMATION Actua pricing wi vary from one cardhoder to another Annua Percentage Rates for Purchases

More information

Life Contingencies Study Note for CAS Exam S. Tom Struppeck

Life Contingencies Study Note for CAS Exam S. Tom Struppeck Life Contingencies Study Note for CAS Eam S Tom Struppeck (Revised 9/19/2015) Introduction Life contingencies is a term used to describe surviva modes for human ives and resuting cash fows that start or

More information

ASSET MANAGEMENT OUR APPROACH

ASSET MANAGEMENT OUR APPROACH ASSET MANAGEMENT OUR APPROACH CONTENTS FOREWORD 3 INTRODUCTION 4 ASSET MANAGEMENT? 6 THE NEED FOR CHANGE 6 KEY PRINCIPLES 7 APPENDIX 1 19 GLOSSARY 20 2 FOREWORD Few things affect our customers ives as

More information

arxiv:1506.05851v1 [cs.ai] 18 Jun 2015

arxiv:1506.05851v1 [cs.ai] 18 Jun 2015 Smart Pacing for Effective Onine Ad Campaign Optimization Jian Xu, Kuang-chih Lee, Wentong Li, Hang Qi, and Quan Lu Yahoo Inc. 7 First Avenue, Sunnyvae, Caifornia 9489 {xuian,kcee,wentong,hangqi,qu}@yahoo-inc.com

More information

Business schools are the academic setting where. The current crisis has highlighted the need to redefine the role of senior managers in organizations.

Business schools are the academic setting where. The current crisis has highlighted the need to redefine the role of senior managers in organizations. c r o s os r oi a d s REDISCOVERING THE ROLE OF BUSINESS SCHOOLS The current crisis has highighted the need to redefine the roe of senior managers in organizations. JORDI CANALS Professor and Dean, IESE

More information

Fixed income managers: evolution or revolution

Fixed income managers: evolution or revolution Fixed income managers: evoution or revoution Traditiona approaches to managing fixed interest funds rey on benchmarks that may not represent optima risk and return outcomes. New techniques based on separate

More information

TERM INSURANCE CALCULATION ILLUSTRATED. This is the U.S. Social Security Life Table, based on year 2007.

TERM INSURANCE CALCULATION ILLUSTRATED. This is the U.S. Social Security Life Table, based on year 2007. This is the U.S. Socia Security Life Tabe, based on year 2007. This is avaiabe at http://www.ssa.gov/oact/stats/tabe4c6.htm. The ife eperiences of maes and femaes are different, and we usuay do separate

More information

Chapter 3: Investing: Your Options, Your Risks, Your Rewards

Chapter 3: Investing: Your Options, Your Risks, Your Rewards Chapter 3: Investing: Your Options, Your Risks, Your Rewards Page 1 of 10 Chapter 3: Investing: Your Options, Your Risks, Your Rewards In This Chapter What is inside a mutua fund? What is a stock? What

More information

Multi-Robot Task Scheduling

Multi-Robot Task Scheduling Proc of IEEE Internationa Conference on Robotics and Automation, Karsruhe, Germany, 013 Muti-Robot Tas Scheduing Yu Zhang and Lynne E Parer Abstract The scheduing probem has been studied extensivey in

More information

Managing Business Risks from Major Chemical

Managing Business Risks from Major Chemical Managing Business Risks from Major Chemica Process Accidents Mariana Bardy 1, Dr Luiz Fernando Oiveira 2, and Dr Nic Cavanagh 3 1 Head of Section, Risk Management Soutions Savador, DNV Energy Soutions

More information

INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL

INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL Finance TM NEW YORK CITY DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE TAX & PARKING PROGRAM OPERATIONS DIVISION INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL ABATEMENT PROGRAM PRELIMINARY APPLICATION AND INSTRUCTIONS Mai to: NYC Department of Finance,

More information

How to Cut Health Care Costs

How to Cut Health Care Costs How to Cut Heath Care Costs INSIDE: TEN TIPS FOR MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES What is one of the biggest financia surprises in retirement? Heath care costs. It s a growing concern among many Medicare beneficiaries,

More information

Order-to-Cash Processes

Order-to-Cash Processes TMI170 ING info pat 2:Info pat.qxt 01/12/2008 09:25 Page 1 Section Two: Order-to-Cash Processes Gregory Cronie, Head Saes, Payments and Cash Management, ING O rder-to-cash and purchase-topay processes

More information

Pricing Internet Services With Multiple Providers

Pricing Internet Services With Multiple Providers Pricing Internet Services With Mutipe Providers Linhai He and Jean Warand Dept. of Eectrica Engineering and Computer Science University of Caifornia at Berkeey Berkeey, CA 94709 inhai, wr@eecs.berkeey.edu

More information

IMPLEMENTING THE RATE STRUCTURE: TIERING IN THE FEE-FOR-SERVICE SYSTEM

IMPLEMENTING THE RATE STRUCTURE: TIERING IN THE FEE-FOR-SERVICE SYSTEM The New Jersey Department of Human Services Division of Deveopmenta Disabiities 1 IMPLEMENTING THE RATE STRUCTURE: TIERING IN THE FEE-FOR-SERVICE SYSTEM Eizabeth M. Shea Assistant Commissioner Thomas S.

More information

Design Considerations

Design Considerations Chapter 2: Basic Virtua Private Network Depoyment Page 1 of 12 Chapter 2: Basic Virtua Private Network Depoyment Before discussing the features of Windows 2000 tunneing technoogy, it is important to estabish

More information

Setting Up Your Internet Connection

Setting Up Your Internet Connection 4 CONNECTING TO CHANCES ARE, you aready have Internet access and are using the Web or sending emai. If you downoaded your instaation fies or instaed esigna from the web, you can be sure that you re set

More information

Internal Control. Guidance for Directors on the Combined Code

Internal Control. Guidance for Directors on the Combined Code Interna Contro Guidance for Directors on the Combined Code ISBN 1 84152 010 1 Pubished by The Institute of Chartered Accountants in Engand & Waes Chartered Accountants Ha PO Box 433 Moorgate Pace London

More information

An Experimental Study on the Energy-Saving Potential of IaaS- PaaS Co-Design

An Experimental Study on the Energy-Saving Potential of IaaS- PaaS Co-Design An Experimenta Study on the Energy-Saving Potentia of IaaS- PaaS Co-Design Mar Caau-Zori, Lavinia Samoia, Anne-Cécie Orgerie and Guiaume Pierre Roadmap 1.Motivation 2.Potentia of IaaS-PaaS co-design 3.Experimenta

More information

SPOTLIGHT. A year of transformation

SPOTLIGHT. A year of transformation WINTER ISSUE 2014 2015 SPOTLIGHT Wecome to the winter issue of Oasis Spotight. These newsetters are designed to keep you upto-date with news about the Oasis community. This quartery issue features an artice

More information

Finance 360 Problem Set #6 Solutions

Finance 360 Problem Set #6 Solutions Finance 360 Probem Set #6 Soutions 1) Suppose that you are the manager of an opera house. You have a constant margina cost of production equa to $50 (i.e. each additiona person in the theatre raises your

More information

Green power. options

Green power. options Green power options How a our universities can hep stop cimate change by switching to green eectricity In January 2001 Peope & Panet caed on every UK university to switch to green eectricity, generated

More information

eg Enterprise vs. a Big 4 Monitoring Soution: Comparing Tota Cost of Ownership Restricted Rights Legend The information contained in this document is confidentia and subject to change without notice. No

More information

The Future of Banking in America

The Future of Banking in America The Future of Banking in America The Effect on U.S. Banking of Payment System Changes by Nei B. Murphy* Introduction It is now three decades since the dawn of the checkess, cashess society was procaimed.

More information

TMI ING Guide to Financial Supply Chain Optimisation 29. Creating Opportunities for Competitive Advantage. Section Four: Supply Chain Finance

TMI ING Guide to Financial Supply Chain Optimisation 29. Creating Opportunities for Competitive Advantage. Section Four: Supply Chain Finance TMI171 ING info pat :Info pat.qxt 19/12/2008 17:02 Page 29 ING Guide to Financia Suppy Chain Optimisation Creating Opportunities for Competitive Advantage Section Four: Suppy Chain Finance Introduction

More information

The eg Suite Enabing Rea-Time Monitoring and Proactive Infrastructure Triage White Paper Restricted Rights Legend The information contained in this document is confidentia and subject to change without

More information

Best Practices for Push & Pull Using Oracle Inventory Stock Locators. Introduction to Master Data and Master Data Management (MDM): Part 1

Best Practices for Push & Pull Using Oracle Inventory Stock Locators. Introduction to Master Data and Master Data Management (MDM): Part 1 SPECIAL CONFERENCE ISSUE THE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE Orace Appications USERS GROUP spring 2012 Introduction to Master Data and Master Data Management (MDM): Part 1 Utiizing Orace Upgrade Advisor for

More information

Technology and Consulting - Newsletter 1. IBM. July 2013

Technology and Consulting - Newsletter 1. IBM. July 2013 Technoogy and Consuting - Newsetter Juy 2013 Wecome to Latitude Executive Consuting s atest newsetter, reviewing recent marketpace activity. The newsetter focuses on the Technoogy and Consuting sectors,

More information

IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 31, NO. 12, DECEMBER 2013 1

IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 31, NO. 12, DECEMBER 2013 1 IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 31, NO. 12, DECEMBER 2013 1 Scaabe Muti-Cass Traffic Management in Data Center Backbone Networks Amitabha Ghosh, Sangtae Ha, Edward Crabbe, and Jennifer

More information

How to deal with personal financial problems

How to deal with personal financial problems How to dea with persona financia probems D I S P U T E R E S O L U T I O N Introduction Heping you face the future with confidence In 2014, the eve of consumer debt in the UK grew to reach a seven-year

More information

Business Banking. A guide for franchises

Business Banking. A guide for franchises Business Banking A guide for franchises Hep with your franchise business, right on your doorstep A true understanding of the needs of your business: that s what makes RBS the right choice for financia

More information

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSING SITES COMPLIANCE WITH THE NEW REGULATORY REFORM (FIRE SAFETY) ORDER 2005

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSING SITES COMPLIANCE WITH THE NEW REGULATORY REFORM (FIRE SAFETY) ORDER 2005 INDUSTRIAL PROCESSING SITES COMPLIANCE WITH THE NEW REGULATORY REFORM (FIRE SAFETY) ORDER 2005 Steven J Manchester BRE Fire and Security E-mai: manchesters@bre.co.uk The aim of this paper is to inform

More information

Take me to your leader! Online Optimization of Distributed Storage Configurations

Take me to your leader! Online Optimization of Distributed Storage Configurations Take me to your eader! Onine Optimization of Distributed Storage Configurations Artyom Sharov Aexander Shraer Arif Merchant Murray Stokey sharov@cs.technion.ac.i, {shraex, aamerchant, mstokey}@googe.com

More information

l l ll l l Exploding the Myths about DETC Accreditation A Primer for Students

l l ll l l Exploding the Myths about DETC Accreditation A Primer for Students Expoding the Myths about DETC Accreditation A Primer for Students Distance Education and Training Counci Expoding the Myths about DETC Accreditation: A Primer for Students Prospective distance education

More information

Oligopoly in Insurance Markets

Oligopoly in Insurance Markets Oigopoy in Insurance Markets June 3, 2008 Abstract We consider an oigopoistic insurance market with individuas who differ in their degrees of accident probabiities. Insurers compete in coverage and premium.

More information

Human Capital & Human Resources Certificate Programs

Human Capital & Human Resources Certificate Programs MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS Human Capita & Human Resources Certificate Programs Programs to deveop functiona and strategic skis in: Human Capita // Human Resources ENROLL TODAY! Contract Hoder Contract GS-02F-0010J

More information

ADVANCED ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE FOR GROWING BUSINESSES

ADVANCED ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE FOR GROWING BUSINESSES ADVANCED ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE FOR GROWING BUSINESSES Product Features 1. System 2. Saes Ledger Unimited companies with password protection User security Muti-user system: 1 user comes as standard, up to

More information

Ricoh Legal. ediscovery and Document Solutions. Powerful document services provide your best defense.

Ricoh Legal. ediscovery and Document Solutions. Powerful document services provide your best defense. Ricoh Lega ediscovery and Document Soutions Powerfu document services provide your best defense. Our peope have aways been at the heart of our vaue proposition: our experience in your industry, commitment

More information

ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS YOUR RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES

ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS YOUR RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES About ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS YOUR RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES The Eectronic Fund Transfers we are capabe of handing for consumers are indicated beow, some of which may not appy your account. Some of

More information

Technical Support Guide for online instrumental lessons

Technical Support Guide for online instrumental lessons Technica Support Guide for onine instrumenta essons This is a technica guide for Music Education Hubs, Schoos and other organisations participating in onine music essons. The guidance is based on the technica

More information

Oracle Project Financial Planning. User's Guide Release 11.1.2.2

Oracle Project Financial Planning. User's Guide Release 11.1.2.2 Orace Project Financia Panning User's Guide Reease 11.1.2.2 Project Financia Panning User's Guide, 11.1.2.2 Copyright 2012, Orace and/or its affiiates. A rights reserved. Authors: EPM Information Deveopment

More information

Preschool Services Under IDEA

Preschool Services Under IDEA Preschoo Services Under IDEA W e don t usuay think of Specific Learning Disabiities in connection with chidren beow schoo age. When we think about chidren age birth to six, we think first of their earning

More information

8x8 Webinar: Prepare Now to Survive a Disaster

8x8 Webinar: Prepare Now to Survive a Disaster 8x8 Webinar: Prepare Now to Survive a Disaster Later January 23, 2013 2009 NASDAQ-LISTED: EGHT The materias presented in the webinar provided by 8x8, Inc. are intended to provide genera information on

More information

CIBC Nasdaq Index Fund. Interim Management Report of Fund Performance

CIBC Nasdaq Index Fund. Interim Management Report of Fund Performance CIBC Nasdaq Inde Fund Interim Management Report of Fund Performance for the period ended June 30, 2015 A figures are reported in Canadian doars uness otherwise noted This interim management report of fund

More information

Avaya Remote Feature Activation (RFA) User Guide

Avaya Remote Feature Activation (RFA) User Guide Avaya Remote Feature Activation (RFA) User Guide 03-300149 Issue 5.0 September 2007 2007 Avaya Inc. A Rights Reserved. Notice Whie reasonabe efforts were made to ensure that the information in this document

More information

Fiscal Smarts. Focus On Revenue. Focus On Spending. Vital Statistics QUARTERLY. Comptroller Daniel W. Hynes ...PAGE 2 ...PAGE 8 ...PAGE 9 ...

Fiscal Smarts. Focus On Revenue. Focus On Spending. Vital Statistics QUARTERLY. Comptroller Daniel W. Hynes ...PAGE 2 ...PAGE 8 ...PAGE 9 ... Comptroer Danie W. Hynes JULY 2000 ISSUE IN THIS ISSUE Fisca Smarts QUARTERLY...PAGE 2 IN THIS ISSUE Focus On Revenue...PAGE 8 IN THIS ISSUE Focus On Spending...PAGE 9 Vita Statistics...PAGE 18 IN THIS

More information

Overview of Health and Safety in China

Overview of Health and Safety in China Overview of Heath and Safety in China Hongyuan Wei 1, Leping Dang 1, and Mark Hoye 2 1 Schoo of Chemica Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P R China, E-mai: david.wei@tju.edu.cn 2 AstraZeneca

More information

Filling the Revenue Gap

Filling the Revenue Gap Fiing the Revenue Gap How Brokers Can Leverage Vountary Benefits to Buid Business Benefits at Work Series A Coonia Life White Paper May 2011 Tabe of Contents Executive Summary 1 Vountary Benefits Create

More information

Undergraduate Studies in. Education and International Development

Undergraduate Studies in. Education and International Development Undergraduate Studies in Education and Internationa Deveopment Wecome Wecome to the Schoo of Education and Lifeong Learning at Aberystwyth University. Over 100 years ago, Aberystwyth was the first university

More information

Protection Against Income Loss During the First 4 Months of Illness or Injury *

Protection Against Income Loss During the First 4 Months of Illness or Injury * Protection Against Income Loss During the First 4 Months of Iness or Injury * This note examines and describes the kinds of income protection that are avaiabe to workers during the first 6 months of iness

More information

Market Design & Analysis for a P2P Backup System

Market Design & Analysis for a P2P Backup System Market Design & Anaysis for a P2P Backup System Sven Seuken Schoo of Engineering & Appied Sciences Harvard University, Cambridge, MA seuken@eecs.harvard.edu Denis Chares, Max Chickering, Sidd Puri Microsoft

More information

Art of Java Web Development By Neal Ford 624 pages US$44.95 Manning Publications, 2004 ISBN: 1-932394-06-0

Art of Java Web Development By Neal Ford 624 pages US$44.95 Manning Publications, 2004 ISBN: 1-932394-06-0 IEEE DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS ONLINE 1541-4922 2005 Pubished by the IEEE Computer Society Vo. 6, No. 5; May 2005 Editor: Marcin Paprzycki, http://www.cs.okstate.edu/%7emarcin/ Book Reviews: Java Toos and Frameworks

More information

Federal Financial Management Certificate Program

Federal Financial Management Certificate Program MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS Federa Financia Management Certificate Program Training to hep you achieve the highest eve performance in: Accounting // Auditing // Budgeting // Financia Management ENROLL TODAY! Contract

More information

A Conversation with enx@pacbell.net enx@pacbell.net www.enxmag.com

A Conversation with enx@pacbell.net enx@pacbell.net www.enxmag.com The #1 Sourcing Pubication in the Document Imaging Industry The #1 Sourcing Voume 11 Pubication No.7 in the Document Imaging Industry The #1 Sourcing Pubication in the Document Imaging Industry Sourcing

More information

ICAP CREDIT RISK SERVICES. Your Business Partner

ICAP CREDIT RISK SERVICES. Your Business Partner ICAP CREDIT RISK SERVICES Your Business Partner ABOUT ICAP GROUP ICAP Group with 56 miion revenues for 2008 and 1,000 empoyees- is the argest Business Services Group in Greece. In addition to its Greek

More information

Key Features of Life Insurance

Key Features of Life Insurance Key Features of Life Insurance Life Insurance Key Features The Financia Conduct Authority is a financia services reguator. It requires us, Aviva, to give you this important information to hep you to decide

More information

Hedge Fund Capital Accounts and Revaluations: Are They Section 704(b) Compliant?

Hedge Fund Capital Accounts and Revaluations: Are They Section 704(b) Compliant? o EDITED BY ROGER F. PILLOW, LL.M. PARTNERSHIPS, S CORPORATIONS & LLCs Hedge Fund Capita Accounts and Revauations: Are They Section 704(b) Compiant? THOMAS GRAY Hedge funds treated as partnerships for

More information

L I C E N S I N G G U I D E

L I C E N S I N G G U I D E O R A C L E H Y P E R I O N E N T E R P R I S E P E R F O R M A N C E M A N A G E M E N T S Y S T E M L I C E N S I N G G U I D E EPM System Licensing Guide Copyright 2009, Orace and/or its affiiates.

More information

Software Quality - Getting Right Metrics, Getting Metrics Right

Software Quality - Getting Right Metrics, Getting Metrics Right Software Quaity - Getting Right Metrics, Getting Metrics Right How to set the right performance metrics and then benchmark it for continuous improvement? Whie metrics are important means to quantify performance

More information

Betting Strategies, Market Selection, and the Wisdom of Crowds

Betting Strategies, Market Selection, and the Wisdom of Crowds Betting Strategies, Market Seection, and the Wisdom of Crowds Wiemien Kets Northwestern University w-kets@keogg.northwestern.edu David M. Pennock Microsoft Research New York City dpennock@microsoft.com

More information

A World Class Approach to Process Safety

A World Class Approach to Process Safety A Word Cass Approach to Process Safety Management (PSM) after the Texas City Disaster Dr E. Pape DNV Energy, UK There are many major faciities, such as Texas City which are aging with many egacy issues

More information

Informatica PowerCenter

Informatica PowerCenter Brochure Informatica PowerCenter Benefits Support better business decisions with the right information at the right time Acceerate projects in days vs. months with improved staff productivity and coaboration

More information

Nordic Ecolabelling of Copy and printing paper - supplementary module

Nordic Ecolabelling of Copy and printing paper - supplementary module rdic Ecoabeing of Copy and printing paper - suppementary modue Version 4.1 22 June 2011 30 June 2016 rdic Ecoabeing Content What is rdic Ecoabeed copy and printing paper? 3 Why choose the rdic Ecoabe?

More information

Simultaneous Routing and Power Allocation in CDMA Wireless Data Networks

Simultaneous Routing and Power Allocation in CDMA Wireless Data Networks Simutaneous Routing and Power Aocation in CDMA Wireess Data Networks Mikae Johansson *,LinXiao and Stephen Boyd * Department of Signas, Sensors and Systems Roya Institute of Technoogy, SE 00 Stockhom,

More information