THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE PERFORMANCE METRICS AND USE IN THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE DESIGN
|
|
- Dortha Lloyd
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE PERFORMANCE METRICS AND USE IN THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE DESIGN Zhiwen Ma, Greg Glatzmaier, Craig Turchi, and Mike Wagner National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Blvd Golden, CO, USA ABSTRACT This paper presents thermal energy storage (TES) modeling approach and performance evaluation. We are developing modeling tools that will allow evaluation of the performance of a TES system that integrates into a concentrating solar power (CSP) plant. The overall performance, including round trip efficiency, for a thermal energy storage system is highly dependent on the operating parameters and operation strategy of the complete power plant. We attempt to develop a general method based on efficiency metrics and a CSP integration scheme to facilitate various TES designs, and to be able to evaluate their performance in CSP plants. The paper will discuss TES performance metrics in terms of three efficiencies: first-law efficiency, second-law efficiency, and storage effectiveness. The paper uses the design metrics to size TES as an example to illustrate derivation of the efficiency values and application of the three efficiencies. 1. CSP THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE Concentrating solar power plants with thermal energy storage capability provide utility-scale, dispatchable electricity to the power grid. TES allows electricity to be generated consistently at times when sunlight is not available, including momentary cloud transients, which otherwise disrupt electricity generation and cause widely varying power output [1]. For longer time scales, TES allows CSP plants to generate electricity well into the evening hours when electricity is highly valued, making the power plant more cost effective. TES also allows greater use of the turbine and other power-block components. These features provide an economic incentive for the addition of TES. Dispatchable delivery means power is reliably available when it is needed to meet the utility load demand. In addition to enhancing CSP dispatchability, TES enables increased deployment of renewable generations in general by adding flexibility to a grid for photovoltaic and wind power systems. 1.1 Types of Thermal Energy Storage Figure 1 lists a variety of TES options for CSP plants [2]. They fall into three general categories: sensible, latent, and thermochemical storage. Current thermal energy storage technology uses two-tank salt system. Two-tank storage system has hot and cold tanks that store the liquid salts separately. This system is used because the components associated with molten-salt handling pumps, valves, tanks, and heat exchangers have demonstrated reliable operation at commercial scale within their capable temperatures [3 4]. With a direct system, salt flows from cold tank to the solar receiver, is heated, and enters the hot tank. During power generation hot salt flows to the steam generator and returns to the cold tank. In an indirect system the hot salt discharges through a heat exchanger to heat the HTF and then enters the cold tank. Charging occurs with the opposite flows. TES options other than two-tank molten-salt storage systems including thermocline, phase change material, and thermochemical storage systems as shown in Figure 1 are also investigated broadly for potential low TES cost and high performance [5 9]. Those storage methods have certain advantages of cost, energy density, meanwhile, with challenges in performance or system configuration. To accelerate the adoption of advanced storage technology, an effective comparison methodology may be useful to identify research focus. 1
2 The outlet HTF temperature from the power cycle is calculated by considering the HTF mass flow rate, the heat input, the inlet temperature, and the specific heat of the HTF. The specific heat is assumed to vary linearly over the range of the inlet and outlet temperatures. Thus, an average specific heat value is used and is recalculated throughout the simulation.,, (2), Figure 1. Thermal energy storage options for CSP technologies. Thermal energy storage for CSP plants has been implemented in some parabolic trough and power tower plants to provide consistent electric generation irrespective of weather conditions or solar availability. Facing the various possibilities of TES choices, developing a uniform and general assessment method will help concept screening and setting development direction [10 15]. The method will not only be important to TES design itself, but also assist better understanding of incorporating a TES in CSP and the interaction with other parts of the CSP components, namely, solar field and power block. 1.2 Consideration of Thermal Energy Storage Integration with CSP When storage system integrates in CSP plant, it interacts with both solar field and power block. The solar field configuration and operating conditions determine the HTF exit temperature from the solar receiver, and consequently, the storage charging temperature, T h, charging. Mature trough technology uses a relatively expensive organic fluid as the HTF in the solar field and a molten salt fluid in the thermal storage tank. This indirect storage configuration requires a heat exchanger for transferring energy into and out of storage, as shown in Figure 3. This heat exchanger reduces the performance of the storage system and adds cost to the plant. Heat input needed by the power block is determined by simply thermodynamic power cycle efficiency.: (1) To measure different types of thermal storage performance, a uniform set of performance metrics will be valuable. From the modeling work performed for thermocline and two-tank system, three efficiencies can be used to define the thermal storage size and performance; they are first law efficiency for thermal energy losses, second law efficiency of thermal energy degradation, and storage system effectiveness, which indicates the usable capacity for the storage volume. The current approach for understanding TES performance is to integrate a detailed TES model into a CSP system model to simulate whole plant operation. The approach is very useful in whole plant operation and performance prediction with well designed and understood storage technologies. However, the complete plant simulation can be tedious and uncertain when screening a new storage concept. Use of efficiency metrics and a simplified integration relationship with the solar field and power block may provide a quick assessment of TES performance and design options. 2. GENERAL PERFORMANCE METRICS FOR THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE The three efficiencies can be specific to the storage design and system. The specific definition of TES metrics in terms of storage tank effectiveness, the first-law thermal efficiency, and the second-law energy conversion efficiency may also vary according to storage type. We try to start from general definition and discuss applicable cases. The effectiveness of the storage tank is the amount of heat discharged with respect to the total thermal energy stored when tank is fully charged, i.e., can the system be completely discharged or is some residual necessary? The effectiveness of storage tank definition is sometimes also called the discharge efficiency (Yang and Garimella, [16]) or the storage fraction. The storage effectiveness accounts for usable storage out of gross TES media load. For instance, in a two-tank storage system, approximately 20% of the hot or cold tank storage fluids often remain in 2
3 the tank and cannot be used due to the pump head need and requirement for the pump to be submerged in the liquid. For thermocline TES, it is determined by the usable portion of the stored fluid outside of the mixed-temperature thermocline region. The effectiveness of storage can be written as Eq. (3): first-law efficiency is generally quite high in the range of 93%-99%, with the highly effective thermal insulation applied. Q loss, top (3) Therefore, storage tank and storage media need to be oversized to accommodate the unusable residual thermal energy storage capacity. The first law efficiency is essentially the heat loss during charge, discharge, and holding. It reflects the round-trip efficiency of the energy in and energy out. The first-law efficiency of TES systems, η TES, I, can be defined as the ratio of the energy extracted from the storage to the energy stored in it. It is write in the form of Eq. (4):, where mc p is the total heat capacity of the storage medium; and T, T c are the hot and cold salt temperatures, respectively, of the storage during discharging. T h is the maximum temperature at the end of the charging period. Heat loss of the TES tank consists of convection to the environment and conduction to the foundation as shown in Figure 2, and sum up in Eq. (5). The total loss is integrated over the storage time in Eq. (6).,, (4) (5), (6) where 2 stands for perimeter for a round tank, and the heat losses from the tank side are integrated along the tank height. The thermal storage tank and flow loop can be well insulated, and the heat losses to the environment between the end of discharging and the beginning of the charging periods are usually very low. For large TES systems, the Figure 2. TES tank heat loss paths. The second law efficiency measures availability (exergy) conservation for the stored energy. The second-law energy conversion efficiency measures the energy quality degradation due to both the difference in charging and discharging temperatures and thermal losses [17]. It is a measure of the conservation of exergy through the storage, i.e., the ability to generate the same amount of power from TES as from the original energy used to charge the system. Exergy transfer through a system is given as Eq. (7): (7) where ΔG is exergy change of the storage fluid, ΔS is its entropy change and T amb is the ambient temperature as reference point, which is usually assumed to be 298 K (25 C) as a reference point. TES round trip efficiency based on exergy is written in Eq. (8):, (8) where subscripts c and d indicate TES charging and discharging processes, respectively. For a storage system, η TES,II, is also impacted by the presence of a heat exchanger between storage salt and HTF, for instance, the oil-salt heat exchanger in a trough plant. Heat exchanger exergy losses can be expressed as Eq. (9): Q loss, foundation Q loss, env (9) 3
4 t 0 is the starting time for charging or discharging, and T i and To are the temperatures flowing in and out of the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger derate factor is equal to the ratio of the realized temperature difference on the storage side of the heat exchanger to the solar field temperature difference (Wagner [18], 2011).,,,, (10) Eq. (10) can convert the solar field HTF temperature to TES temperature for indirect TES. The HTF coming from solar field can be oil or salt, depending on the plant design. The effect of temperature difference in charging and discharging process on thermal conversion efficiency can be simply calculated from Carnot cycle efficiency ratio. The drop of power efficiency by temperature drop can estimated from:, 1, 1 (10), wehre T env,ref is the ambient referennce temperature that is often 25 C. 3. TANK AND STORAGE MATERIAL SIZING RELATION TO PERFORMANCE METRICS Often early stage storage screening will look into cost closely to explore its economic benefits. The starting point for economic analyses will estimate the storage size and storage media needed. Idealized storage sizing without consider performance usually leads to over optimistic results that not reflect usability and losses. In this case, we try using the efficiency metrics for storage sizing purpose. The desired (usable) thermal storage capacity is the multiplication of design-point power cycle thermal load and required storage hours, which is rated with power cycle efficiency, ηp, together with second-law efficiency due to the difference in charging and discharging temperature, and can be expressed as Eq. (11): (11), In order to use the TES capacity rating to size the physical dimensions of the storage system, the heat capacity, density, and distribution of all active storage materials must be calculated. In the example of a thermocline system using filler material, Eqs. (12) and (13) can be used to calculate the amount of material that will be needed for storage fluid and filler. If we derive an average heat capacity from storage fluid and filler properties and void fraction, the average heat capacity of storage material expressed as:, 1, (12) The void fraction of the thermocline, є, is the ratio of fluid volume to the total tank volume: (13) The void fraction has a range from 0 to 1, where є=0 indicates a system entirely composed of filler material, or a pure solid material, and є=1 indicates an all fluid system. Then the tank volume needed to store amount of energy, E, is:, Δ (14),,, where, is the thermocline storage tank volume. If the heat exchanger derate factor, f hx, is known, then the TES temperature difference can be correlated to the solar field temperature. The selection of material will affect TES performance, cost, and compatibility with the storage liquid. If the TES system incorporates sensible and latent storage, the stored energy equation must be generalized as the sum of sensible subcooling, latent phase change, and sensible superheating:,, (15) where m i is the mass and C p, i is the specific heat. T h and T c represent the hot and cold temperature levels between which the storage operates, while T f represents the phase change temperature. The difference (T h T c ) is referred to as the storage temperature range. The amount of latent heat stored is represented by the second term, which depends on the mass (m) and latent heat of fusion (ΔH f ) of phase change material i. For a system without phase change material, the latent heat term in Eq. (15) can be dropped. 4
5 4. CONCLUSIONS This This work investigates the potential to use three efficiencies as adequate TES performance metrics for TES screening and preliminary design purpose. The paper has described those efficiencies in terms of first-law, secondlaw efficiencies, and storage effectiveness (or storage fraction). The first-law efficiency reflects heat losses by the storage tank. The second-law efficiency indicates potential energy conversion degradation through TES charging/discharging processes. Storage effectiveness gives the fraction of usable storage volume. The paper gives an example of using the efficiency metrics to size storage. Future work will study TES integration and interaction with solar field and power block to evaluate TES behavior and performance in a CSP system. 5. NOMENCLATURES A Tank Cross-Section Area, [m 2 ] Bi Biot number, hl/k [-] c Heat capacity, [J/kg K] d s Filler particle size, [m] E, Energy, [J/kg] f def Fraction of defocus, [-] h f Enthalpy per unit mass, [J/kg] h Convection heat transfer coefficient, [W/m 2 K] k Thermal conductivity of the solid fill [W/m K] l Characteristic length of the solid fill [m] Mass flow rate, [kg/s] Thermal load demand, [W] Available heat rate, [W] T Temperature, [K] u m Thermocline moving speed, nominal velocity of liquid, [m/s] V Volume, [m 3 ] Greek Letter η Efficiency, [-] ρ Density, [kg/m 3 ] ε Packed bed void fraction, [-] ν Fluid kinematic viscosity, [m 2 /s] Subscripts: chg Charge dis Discharge def Defocus f Fluid htf Heat Transfer Fluid pb Power Block s Solid sf Solar Field tes Thermal Energy Storage Superscript: Average value 6. ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The authors thank the inputs on thermocline design from Desikan Bharathan at NREL. 7. REFERENCES [1] Z. Ma, G. Glatzmaier, and C. Kutscher, Thermal Energy Storage and Its Potential Applications in Solar Thermal Power Plants and Electricity Storage, ASME ES2011, Washington D.C., August [2] G. Glatzmaier, New Concepts and Materials for Thermal Energy Storage and Heat-Transfer Fluids, Technical Report NREL/TP , DE-AC36-08GO28308, May 20, [3] B.D. Kelly, U. Herrmann, and D.W. Kearney, Evaluation and performance modeling for integrated solar combined cycles systems and thermal storage system, Final report on contract RAR , National Renewable Energy Laboratory, [4] H. Price, D. Brosseau, D. Kearney, and B. Kelly, DOE Advanced Thermal Energy Storage Development Plan for Parabolic Trough Technology, NREL Milestone Report, January, [5] D. Bharathan and G. Glatzmaier, Progress in Thermal Energy Storage Modeling, Proceedings of the ASME rd International Conference of Energy Sustainability, ES2008, San Francisco, CA, [6] D. Bharathan, Thermal Storage Modeling, NREL Milestone Report, [7] J. T. Van Lew, P. Li,C. L. Chan, W. Karaki, and J. Stephens, Analysis of Heat Storage and Delivery of a Thermocline Tank Having Solid Filler Material, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, ASME, MAY 2011, Vol [8] J. E. Pacheco, S. K. Showalter, and W. J. Kolb, Development of a molten-salt thermocline thermal storage system for parabolic trough plants, J. Solar Energy Engineering, v124, pp , [9] R. Muren, D. Arias, D. Chapman, L. Erickson, A. Gavilan, Coupled transient system analysis: a new method of passive thermal energy storage modeling for high temperature concentrated solar power systems, Proceedings of ESFuelCell2011, ASME Energy Sustainability Fuel Cell 2011, August, 2011, Washington DC, USA. [10] G. J. Kolb and V. Hassani, Performance Analysis of Thermocline Energy Storage proposed for the 1MW 5
6 Saguaro Solar Trough Plant, Proceedings of ISEC2006, ASME International Solar Energy Conference, Denver CO, July, [11] M. Wagner, Simulation and Predictive Performance Modeling of Utility-Scale Central Receiver System Power Plants, Master Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison, December, [12] A. McMahan, Design and Optimization of Organic Rankine Cycle Solar-Thermal Power Plants, Master Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison, August, [13] National Renewable Energy Laboratory, SAM Manual. [14] P. Schwarzbözl, D. Zentrum, für Luft und Raumfahrt e.v A, TRNSYS Model Library for Solar Thermal Electric Components (STEC), Reference Manual Release 3.0, DLR, D Köln, Germany, November [15] TRNSYS, A Transient Simulation Program, Vers. 16, Solar Energy Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, [16] Z. Yang and S. V. Garimella, Molten-salt thermal energy storage in thermoclines under different environmental boundary conditions, Applied Energy 87 (2010) , Elsevier. [17] A. Bejan, Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics, Wiley, [18] M. Wagner, System Advisor Model Documentation Technical Manual for the Physical Trough Model, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado March,
Transient Analysis of Integrated Shiraz Hybrid Solar Thermal Power Plant Iman Niknia 1, Mahmood Yaghoubi 1, 2
Transient Analysis of Integrated Shiraz Hybrid Solar Thermal Power Plant Iman Niknia 1, Mahmood Yaghoubi 1, 2 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 1, 2 Shiraz University,
More informationSENSITIVITY OF CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER TROUGH PERFORMANCE, COST, AND FINANCING WITH THE SOLAR ADVISOR MODEL
Abstract SENSITIVITY OF CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER TROUGH PERFORMANCE, COST, AND FINANCING WITH THE SOLAR ADVISOR MODEL Nate Blair *, Mark Mehos, Craig Christensen Senior Energy Analyst, CSP Program Manager,
More informationCFD SIMULATION OF SDHW STORAGE TANK WITH AND WITHOUT HEATER
International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 1, Issue2, July-2012 1 CFD SIMULATION OF SDHW STORAGE TANK WITH AND WITHOUT HEATER ABSTRACT (1) Mr. Mainak Bhaumik M.E. (Thermal Engg.)
More informationSolar Thermal Energy Storage Technologies
Solar Thermal Energy Storage Technologies Doerte Laing, German Aerospace Center (DLR) ENERGY FORUM, 10,000 Solar GIGAWATTS Hannover, 23. April 2008 Folie 1 Energy Storage for Concentrating Solar Power
More informationEXPERIMENTAL AND CFD ANALYSIS OF A SOLAR BASED COOKING UNIT
EXPERIMENTAL AND CFD ANALYSIS OF A SOLAR BASED COOKING UNIT I N T R O D U C T I O N Among the different energy end uses, energy for cooking is one of the basic and dominant end uses in developing countries.
More informationScienceDirect. Base case analysis of a HYSOL power plant
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 69 (2015 ) 1152 1159 International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems, SolarPACES 2014 Base case
More informationBattery Thermal Management System Design Modeling
Battery Thermal Management System Design Modeling Gi-Heon Kim, Ph.D Ahmad Pesaran, Ph.D (ahmad_pesaran@nrel.gov) National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, U.S.A. EVS October -8, 8, 006 Yokohama,
More informationSolar One and Solar Two
Solar One and Solar Two Solar One generated electricity between 1982 and 1988. (178-182) Solar One generated steam directly from water in its receiver, but its direct steam system had low efficiency in
More informationDOE Concentrating Solar Power 2007 Funding Opportunity Project Prospectus
DOE Concentrating Solar Power 2007 Funding Opportunity Project Prospectus DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program Contact: Frank Tex Wilkins frank.wilkins@ee.doe.gov Enabling a New Vision for Concentrating
More informationAbstract. emails: ronderby@earthlink.net, splazzara@aol.com, phone: 860-429-6508, fax: 860-429-4456
SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT WITH THERMAL STORAGE Ronald C. Derby, President Samuel P. Lazzara, Chief Technical Officer Cenicom Solar Energy LLC * Abstract TM employs 88 parabolic mirrors (concentrating dishes)
More informationThermische Speicherung von Solarenergie
Thermische Speicherung von Solarenergie Dr. Thomas Bauer Institut für Technische Thermodynamik Stuttgart, Köln 15. Kölner Sonnenkolloquium, 12.6.2012 www.dlr.de/tt Slide 2 > 15. Kölner Sonnenkolloquium
More informationSensitivity analysis for concentrating solar power technologies
20th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation, Adelaide, Australia, 1 6 December 2013 www.mssanz.org.au/modsim2013 Sensitivity analysis for concentrating solar power technologies B. Webby a a
More informationAN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF EXERGY IN A CORRUGATED PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 6, Issue 11, Nov 2015, pp. 16-22, Article ID: IJMET_06_11_002 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=6&itype=11
More informationDevelopment of a model for the simulation of Organic Rankine Cycles based on group contribution techniques
ASME Turbo Expo Vancouver, June 6 10 2011 Development of a model for the simulation of Organic Rankine ycles based on group contribution techniques Enrico Saverio Barbieri Engineering Department University
More informationFUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS System: Quantity of matter (constant mass) or region in space (constant volume) chosen for study. Closed system: Can exchange energy but not mass; mass is constant
More informationANALYSIS OF SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS WITH THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE AND SOLAR-HYBRID OPERATION STRATEGY
ANALYSIS OF SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS WITH THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE AND SOLAR-HYBRID OPERATION STRATEGY Stefano Giuliano 1, Reiner Buck 1 and Santiago Eguiguren 1 1 German Aerospace Centre (DLR), ), Institute
More informationCSP-gas hybrid plants: Cost effective and fully dispatchable integration of CSP into the electricity mix
CSP-gas hybrid plants: Cost effective and fully dispatchable integration of CSP into the electricity mix Erik Zindel Director Marketing CSP (Power Block) Siemens AG PowerGen Europe 2012 Köln Messe, 12-14
More informationU.S. Concentrating Solar Power
U.S. Concentrating Solar Power World Bank October 29, 2009 Chuck Kutscher National Renewable Energy Laboratory CSP: The Other Solar Energy Parabolic trough Linear Fresnel Power tower Dish-Stirling Parabolic
More informationSolar Energy Systems
Solar Energy Systems Energy Needs Today s global demand for energy is approximately 15 terawatts and is growing rapidly Much of the U.S. energy needs are now satisfied from petroleum (heating, cooling,
More informationExergy Analysis of a Water Heat Storage Tank
Exergy Analysis of a Water Heat Storage Tank F. Dammel *1, J. Winterling 1, K.-J. Langeheinecke 3, and P. Stephan 1,2 1 Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 2 Center
More informationDynamic modelling of a parabolic trough solar power plant
Robert Österholm a, Jens Pålsson b a Lund University, LTH, Department of Energy Sciences, Lund, Sweden b Modelon AB, Ideon Science Park, Lund, Sweden osterholm.r@gmail.com, jens.palsson@modelon.com Abstract
More informationSystem Advisor Model, SAM 2014.1.14: General Description
System Advisor Model, SAM 2014.1.14: General Description Nate Blair, Aron P. Dobos, Janine Freeman, Ty Neises, and Michael Wagner National Renewable Energy Laboratory Tom Ferguson, Paul Gilman, and Steven
More informationCoupling Forced Convection in Air Gaps with Heat and Moisture Transfer inside Constructions
Coupling Forced Convection in Air Gaps with Heat and Moisture Transfer inside Constructions M. Bianchi Janetti 1, F. Ochs 1 and R. Pfluger 1 1 University of Innsbruck, Unit for Energy Efficient Buildings,
More informationStoring electricity from renewable energy sources. High temperature latent heat storage using a metal based phase change material
Storing electricity from renewable energy sources High temperature latent heat storage using a metal based phase change material Energinet.dk, project no. 12016 1 Table of contents 1. Project details 3
More informationThermocline Storage for Concentrated Solar Power
Thermocline Storage for Concentrated Solar Power Techno-economic performance evaluation of a multi-layered single tank storage for Solar Tower Power Plant Supervisor Rafael Guédez MSc Student Davide Ferruzza
More informationTERMOSOLAR BORGES: A THERMOSOLAR HYBRID PLANT WITH BIOMASS
TERMOSOLAR BORGES: A THERMOSOLAR HYBRID PLANT WITH BIOMASS A. COT*, A. AMETLLER*, J. VALL-LLOVERA*, J. AGUILÓ* AND J.M. ARQUÉ* * COMSA EMTE MEDIO AMBIENTE, ITG, Av. Roma 25, 08029 Barcelona, Spain SUMMARY:
More informationAn analysis of a thermal power plant working on a Rankine cycle: A theoretical investigation
An analysis of a thermal power plant working on a Rankine cycle: A theoretical investigation R K Kapooria Department of Mechanical Engineering, BRCM College of Engineering & Technology, Bahal (Haryana)
More informationMolten Salt for Parabolic Trough Applications: System Simulation and Scale Effects
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Energy Procedia 00 (2013) 000 000 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia SolarPACES 2013 Molten Salt for Parabolic Trough Applications: System Simulation and Scale Effects
More informationVGB Congress Power Plants 2001 Brussels October 10 to 12, 2001. Solar Power Photovoltaics or Solar Thermal Power Plants?
VGB Congress Power Plants 2001 Brussels October 10 to 12, 2001 Solar Power Photovoltaics or Solar Thermal Power Plants? Volker Quaschning 1), Manuel Blanco Muriel 2) 1) DLR, Plataforma Solar de Almería,
More informationHYBRID SOLAR - BIOMASS PLANTS FOR POWER GENERATION; TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT
Global NEST Journal, Vol 13, No 3, pp 266-276, 2011 Copyright 2011 Global NEST Printed in Greece. All rights reserved HYBRID SOLAR - BIOMASS PLANTS FOR POWER GENERATION; TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT
More informationSheet 5:Chapter 5 5 1C Name four physical quantities that are conserved and two quantities that are not conserved during a process.
Thermo 1 (MEP 261) Thermodynamics An Engineering Approach Yunus A. Cengel & Michael A. Boles 7 th Edition, McGraw-Hill Companies, ISBN-978-0-07-352932-5, 2008 Sheet 5:Chapter 5 5 1C Name four physical
More informationSteam Power Plants as Partners for Renewable Energy Systems
Steam Power Plants as Partners for Renewable Energy Systems Hans-Joachim Meier Head of VGB Competence Centre 4 Environmental Technology, Chemistry, Safety and Health VGB PowerTech e.v., Essen, Germany
More informationGrant Agreement No. 228296 SFERA. Solar Facilities for the European Research Area SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME. Capacities Specific Programme
Grant Agreement No. 228296 SFERA Solar Facilities for the European Research Area SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME Capacities Specific Programme Research Infrastructures Integrating Activity - Combination of
More informationAPPLIED THERMODYNAMICS TUTORIAL 1 REVISION OF ISENTROPIC EFFICIENCY ADVANCED STEAM CYCLES
APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS TUTORIAL 1 REVISION OF ISENTROPIC EFFICIENCY ADVANCED STEAM CYCLES INTRODUCTION This tutorial is designed for students wishing to extend their knowledge of thermodynamics to a more
More informationEnergy Analysis and Comparison of Advanced Vapour Compression Heat Pump Arrangements
Energy Analysis and Comparison of Advanced Vapour Compression Heat Pump Arrangements Stuart Self 1, Marc Rosen 1, and Bale Reddy 1 1 University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario Abstract
More informationCOVER FEATURE CATCHING THE SUN
COVER FEATURE CATCHING THE SUN F32 The field of 170,000 mirrors at the $2.2 billion Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System in California will train sunlight onto 459-foot towers, generating 377 MW when
More informationExergy: the quality of energy N. Woudstra
Exergy: the quality of energy N. Woudstra Introduction Characteristic for our society is a massive consumption of goods and energy. Continuation of this way of life in the long term is only possible if
More informationConcentrating solar power drivers and opportunities for cost-competitive electricity
Concentrating solar power drivers and opportunities for cost-competitive electricity Jim Hinkley, Bryan Curtin, Jenny Hayward, Alex Wonhas (CSIRO) Rod Boyd, Charles Grima, Amir Tadros, Ross Hall, Kevin
More informationProgress Towards Cost-Competitive Solar Power Tower Plants
Technical Paper BR-1921 Progress Towards Cost-Competitive Solar Power Tower Plants Authors: K.L. Santelmann, D.T. Wasyluk, and B. Sakadjian Babcock & Wilcox Power Generation Group, Inc. Barberton, Ohio,
More informationUtility-Scale Power Tower Solar Systems: Performance Acceptance Test Guidelines
Utility-Scale Power Tower Solar Systems: Performance Acceptance Test Guidelines David Kearney Kearney & Associates Vashon, Washington NREL Technical Monitor: Mark Mehos NREL is a national laboratory of
More informationThermodynamics - Example Problems Problems and Solutions
Thermodynamics - Example Problems Problems and Solutions 1 Examining a Power Plant Consider a power plant. At point 1 the working gas has a temperature of T = 25 C. The pressure is 1bar and the mass flow
More informationMolten Salt Solar Tower: The Possible Way Towards Competitiveness
Molten Salt Solar Tower: The Possible Way Towards Competitiveness Salzturm: Der machbare Weg zur signifikanten Kostenreduktion Kai Wieghardt 14. Kölner Sonnenkolloquium Jülich, 13.07.2011 Contents 1. Introduction:
More informationALONE. small scale solar cooling device Project No TREN FP7EN 218952. Project No TREN/FP7EN/218952 ALONE. small scale solar cooling device
Project No TREN/FP7EN/218952 ALONE small scale solar cooling device Collaborative Project Small or Medium-scale Focused Research Project DELIVERABLE D5.2 Start date of the project: October 2008, Duration:
More informationPerformance Test of Solar Assisted Solid Desiccant Dryer
Performance Test of Solar Assisted Solid Desiccant Dryer S. MISHA 1,2,*, S. MAT 1, M. H. RUSLAN 1, K. SOPIAN 1, E. SALLEH 1, M. A. M. ROSLI 1 1 Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
More informationDESIGN AND SIMULATION OF LITHIUM- ION BATTERY THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR MILD HYBRID VEHICLE APPLICATION
DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF LITHIUM- ION BATTERY THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR MILD HYBRID VEHICLE APPLICATION Ahmed Imtiaz Uddin, Jerry Ku, Wayne State University Outline Introduction Model development Modeling
More informationDynamic Process Modeling. Process Dynamics and Control
Dynamic Process Modeling Process Dynamics and Control 1 Description of process dynamics Classes of models What do we need for control? Modeling for control Mechanical Systems Modeling Electrical circuits
More informationMohan Chandrasekharan #1
International Journal of Students Research in Technology & Management Exergy Analysis of Vapor Compression Refrigeration System Using R12 and R134a as Refrigerants Mohan Chandrasekharan #1 # Department
More informationThe final numerical answer given is correct but the math shown does not give that answer.
Note added to Homework set 7: The solution to Problem 16 has an error in it. The specific heat of water is listed as c 1 J/g K but should be c 4.186 J/g K The final numerical answer given is correct but
More informationTechnical Manual for the SAM Physical Trough Model
Technical Manual for the SAM Physical Trough Model Michael J. Wagner and Paul Gilman NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated
More informationENERGY PRODUCING SYSTEMS
ENERGY PRODUCING SYSTEMS SOLAR POWER INTRODUCTION Energy from the sun falls on our planet on a daily basis. The warmth of the sun creates conditions on earth conducive to life. The weather patterns that
More informationTurbulence Modeling in CFD Simulation of Intake Manifold for a 4 Cylinder Engine
HEFAT2012 9 th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics 16 18 July 2012 Malta Turbulence Modeling in CFD Simulation of Intake Manifold for a 4 Cylinder Engine Dr MK
More informationYour Partner for Concentrated Solar Power Generation The Heart of Your Process
1 Sulzer Pumps Your Partner for Concentrated Solar Power Generation The Heart of Your Process 2 Experience and Solutions You Can Rely on Around the world, the power industry is taking on the challenge
More informationNUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF WIND ON BUILDING STRUCTURES
Vol. XX 2012 No. 4 28 34 J. ŠIMIČEK O. HUBOVÁ NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF WIND ON BUILDING STRUCTURES Jozef ŠIMIČEK email: jozef.simicek@stuba.sk Research field: Statics and Dynamics Fluids mechanics
More informationFREESTUDY HEAT TRANSFER TUTORIAL 3 ADVANCED STUDIES
FREESTUDY HEAT TRANSFER TUTORIAL ADVANCED STUDIES This is the third tutorial in the series on heat transfer and covers some of the advanced theory of convection. The tutorials are designed to bring the
More informationThis presentation is posted for public use. ACEEE does not endorse any product or service.
This presentation is posted for public use. ACEEE does not endorse any product or service. ACEEE accepts no responsibility for any facts or claims this presentation may contain. SOLAR Solar Water Heating
More informationA Novel Storage Technology Opens New Opportunities for CSP
A Novel Storage Technology Opens New Opportunities for CSP Reuel Shinnar Dept. of Chemical Engineering The City College of The City University of New York The Future of CSP CSP is at presently the only
More informationCarnegie Mellon University School of Architecture, Department of Mechanical Engineering Center for Building Performance and Diagnostics
Carnegie Mellon University School of Architecture, Department of Mechanical Engineering Center for Building Performance and Diagnostics A Presentation of Work in Progress 4 October 2006 in the Intelligent
More informationCSP- Biomass Hybrid cogeneration system offers synergistic solution for continuous process industries. 9 th May 2013 Chennai
CSP- Biomass Hybrid cogeneration system offers synergistic solution for continuous process industries RENERGY 2013 Innovation Session 9 th May 2013 Chennai T.S.Venkataraman & T.G.Sundara Raman Esvin Advanced
More informationDOE Solar Energy Technologies Program Peer Review. Denver, Colorado April 17-19, 2007
Development of the Focal Point Power Trough (FPPT) & PT-2 Advanced Concentrators for Power Generation Patrick Marcotte, IST SOLUCAR DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program Peer Review Denver, Colorado April
More informationNew technical solutions for energy efficient buildings
- New technical solutions for energy efficient buildings State of the Art Report New technologies for heat pumps Authors: Heimo Staller, Angelika Tisch, IFZ Oct. 2010 Background Heat pumps are machines
More informationSDH ONLINE-CALCULATOR
CALCULATION PROGRAM FOR THE COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF SOLAR DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS WWW.SDH-ONLINE.SOLITES.DE Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Schmidt and Dipl.-Ing. Laure Deschaintre Solites Steinbeis Research Institute
More informationC H A P T E R T W O. Fundamentals of Steam Power
35 C H A P T E R T W O Fundamentals of Steam Power 2.1 Introduction Much of the electricity used in the United States is produced in steam power plants. Despite efforts to develop alternative energy converters,
More informationHEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT AND FRICTION FACTOR ANALYSIS IN TUBE USING CONICAL SPRING INSERT
HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT AND FRICTION FACTOR ANALYSIS IN TUBE USING CONICAL SPRING INSERT Rahul M. Gupta 1, Bhushan C. Bissa 2 1 Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Ramdeobaba
More informationDesign Approach, Experience and Results of 1MW Solar Thermal Power Plant
Design Approach, Experience and Results of 1MW Solar Thermal Power Plant Solar Thermal Power Plant and Testing Facility Project funded by Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, GoI, New Delhi Prof. j k
More informationSOLAR COOLING WITH ICE STORAGE
SOLAR COOLING WITH ICE STORAGE Beth Magerman Patrick Phelan Arizona State University 95 N. College Ave Tempe, Arizona, 8581 bmagerma@asu.edu phelan@asu.edu ABSTRACT An investigation is undertaken of a
More informationSOLARPACES: Development of an integrated solar thermal power plant training simulator
SOLARPACES: Development of an integrated solar thermal power plant training simulator Achaz von Arnim 1 and Ralf Wiesenberg 2 1 Dipl.Ing., Business Unit Energy E F IE ST BD, Business Development CSP, Siemens
More informationSTEAM TURBINE 1 CONTENT. Chapter Description Page. V. Steam Process in Steam Turbine 6. VI. Exhaust Steam Conditions, Extraction and Admission 7
STEAM TURBINE 1 CONTENT Chapter Description Page I Purpose 2 II Steam Turbine Types 2 2.1. Impulse Turbine 2 2.2. Reaction Turbine 2 III Steam Turbine Operating Range 2 3.1. Curtis 2 3.2. Rateau 2 3.3.
More informationPhysics and Economy of Energy Storage
International Conference Energy Autonomy through Storage of Renewable Energies by EUROSOLAR and WCRE October 30 and 31, 2006 Gelsenkirchen / Germany Physics and Economy of Energy Storage Ulf Bossel European
More informationProblem Statement In order to satisfy production and storage requirements, small and medium-scale industrial
Problem Statement In order to satisfy production and storage requirements, small and medium-scale industrial facilities commonly occupy spaces with ceilings ranging between twenty and thirty feet in height.
More informationEXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF PARTIAL AND FULLY CHARGED THERMAL STRATIFIED HOT WATER STORAGE TANKS
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJMET) International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6340 (Print) ISSN 0976 6359
More informationADVANCED HIGH TEMPERATURE LATENT HEAT STORAGE SYSTEM DESIGN AND TEST RESULTS. D. Laing, T. Bauer, W.-D. Steinmann, D. Lehmann
ADVANCED HIGH TEMPERATURE LATENT HEAT STORAGE SYSTEM DESIGN AND TEST RESULTS D. Laing, T. Bauer, W.-D. Steinmann, D. Lehmann Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR) Pfaffenwaldring
More informationPassive Solar Design and Concepts
Passive Solar Design and Concepts Daylighting 1 Passive Solar Heating Good architecture? The judicious use of south glazing coupled with appropriate shading and thermal mass. Summer Winter Passive solar
More informationAn Approach for Designing Thermal Management Systems for EV and HEV Battery Packs
An Approach for Designing Thermal Management Systems for EV and HEV Battery Packs 4th Vehicle Thermal Management Systems Conference London, UK May 24-27, 1999 Ahmad A. Pesaran, Ph.D. Steven D. Burch Matthew
More informationEvaluation Of Hybrid Air- Cooled Flash/Binary Power Cycle
INL/CON-05-00740 PREPRINT Evaluation Of Hybrid Air- Cooled Flash/Binary Power Cycle Geothermal Resources Council Annual Meeting Greg Mines October 2005 This is a preprint of a paper intended for publication
More informationAPPLICATION OF TRANSIENT WELLBORE SIMULATOR TO EVALUATE DELIVERABILITY CURVE ON HYPOTHETICAL WELL-X
PROCEEDINGS, Thirty-Third Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Stanford University, Stanford, California, January 8-30, 008 SGP-TR-185 APPLICATION OF TRANSIENT WELLBORE SIMULATOR TO EVALUATE DELIVERABILITY
More informationPERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM WITH R404A, R407C AND R410A
Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 213 Jyoti Soni and R C Gupta, 213 Research Paper ISSN 2278 149 www.ijmerr.com Vol. 2, No. 1, January 213 213 IJMERR. All Rights Reserved PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF VAPOUR COMPRESSION
More informationCHAPTER 7 THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS. Blank
CHAPTER 7 THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS Blank SONNTAG/BORGNAKKE STUDY PROBLEM 7-1 7.1 A car engine and its fuel consumption A car engine produces 136 hp on the output shaft with a thermal efficiency
More informationIterative calculation of the heat transfer coefficient
Iterative calculation of the heat transfer coefficient D.Roncati Progettazione Ottica Roncati, via Panfilio, 17 44121 Ferrara Aim The plate temperature of a cooling heat sink is an important parameter
More informationAE BIO SOLAR AE BIO SOLAR HYBRID PLANT SOLAR/BIOMASS ADESSO ENERGIA SRL HYBRID PLANT SOLAR/BIOMASS THE BEGINNING OF A NEW ENERGY PRESENTATION
ADESSO ENERGIA SRL AE BIO SOLAR THE BEGINNING OF A NEW ENERGY PRESENTATION Tel.0918887364 14.05.2014 fax 0917480735 Pagina 1 INTRODUCTION Adesso Energia is an innovative startup based in Palermo created
More informationCO 2 41.2 MPa (abs) 20 C
comp_02 A CO 2 cartridge is used to propel a small rocket cart. Compressed CO 2, stored at a pressure of 41.2 MPa (abs) and a temperature of 20 C, is expanded through a smoothly contoured converging nozzle
More informationChapter 3.4: HVAC & Refrigeration System
Chapter 3.4: HVAC & Refrigeration System Part I: Objective type questions and answers 1. One ton of refrigeration (TR) is equal to. a) Kcal/h b) 3.51 kw c) 120oo BTU/h d) all 2. The driving force for refrigeration
More informationSOLAR WATER PURIFICATION WITH THE HELP OF CSP TECHNOLOGY
Sci. Revs. Chem. Commun.: 3(2), 2013, 128-132 ISSN 2277-2669 SOLAR WATER PURIFICATION WITH THE HELP OF CSP TECHNOLOGY JINESH S. MACHALE *, PRACHI D. THAKUR, PIYUSH S. LALWANI and GAYATRI M. APTE Department
More informationCSP Research Infrastructure in the U.S. Mark S. Mehos CSP Program Manager National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, CO
CSP Research Infrastructure in the U.S. Mark S. Mehos CSP Program Manager Golden, CO NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated
More informationA LAMINAR FLOW ELEMENT WITH A LINEAR PRESSURE DROP VERSUS VOLUMETRIC FLOW. 1998 ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting
TELEDYNE HASTINGS TECHNICAL PAPERS INSTRUMENTS A LAMINAR FLOW ELEMENT WITH A LINEAR PRESSURE DROP VERSUS VOLUMETRIC FLOW Proceedings of FEDSM 98: June -5, 998, Washington, DC FEDSM98 49 ABSTRACT The pressure
More informationSeasonal Stratified Thermal Energy Storage Exergy Analysis
Seasonal Stratified Thermal Energy Storage Exergy Analysis Behnaz Rezaie, Bale Reddy and Marc A. Rosen Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe
More informationSunShot Vision Study. February 2012
SunShot Vision Study February 2012 . Concentrating Solar Power: Technologies, Cost, and Performance.1 INTRODUCTION At the end of 2010, about 1,300 megawatts (MW) of concentrating solar power 0 (CSP) capacity
More informationDepartment of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620 015, Tamil Nadu, India
Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 32 (2007) 92 97 www.elsevier.com/locate/etfs Studies on heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of laminar flow through a circular tube fitted with right
More informationEVALUATING SOLAR ENERGY PLANTS TO SUPPORT INVESTMENT DECISIONS
EVALUATING SOLAR ENERGY PLANTS TO SUPPORT INVESTMENT DECISIONS Author Marie Schnitzer Director of Solar Services Published for AWS Truewind October 2009 Republished for AWS Truepower: AWS Truepower, LLC
More informationOPTIMAL DESIGN AND OPERATION OF HELIUM REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS *
OPTIMAL DESIGN AND OPERATION OF HELIUM REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS * Abstract Helium refrigerators are of keen interest to present and future particle physics programs utilizing superconducting magnet or radio
More informationDE-TOP User s Manual. Version 2.0 Beta
DE-TOP User s Manual Version 2.0 Beta CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION... 1 1.1. DE-TOP Overview... 1 1.2. Background information... 2 2. DE-TOP OPERATION... 3 2.1. Graphical interface... 3 2.2. Power plant model...
More informationInternational Journal of Latest Research in Science and Technology Volume 4, Issue 2: Page No.161-166, March-April 2015
International Journal of Latest Research in Science and Technology Volume 4, Issue 2: Page No.161-166, March-April 2015 http://www.mnkjournals.com/ijlrst.htm ISSN (Online):2278-5299 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
More informationCFD Application on Food Industry; Energy Saving on the Bread Oven
Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 13 (8): 1095-1100, 2013 ISSN 1990-9233 IDOSI Publications, 2013 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2013.13.8.548 CFD Application on Food Industry; Energy Saving on the
More informationMATLAB AS A PROTOTYPING TOOL FOR HYDRONIC NETWORKS BALANCING
MATLAB AS A PROTOTYPING TOOL FOR HYDRONIC NETWORKS BALANCING J. Pekař, P. Trnka, V. Havlena* Abstract The objective of this note is to describe the prototyping stage of development of a system that is
More informationWebpage: www.ijaret.org Volume 3, Issue IV, April 2015 ISSN 2320-6802
Efficiency Assessment and Improvement of at Super Thermal Power Station Vikram Singh Meena 1, Dr. M.P Singh 2 1 M.Tech in Production Engineering, Jagannath University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Vikrammeena134@gmail.com
More informationFederation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Address: Rue Washington 40 1050 Brussels Belgium www.rehva.eu info@rehva.eu Tel: +32 2 514 11 71 Fax: +32 2 512 90 62 REHVA
More informationComparison of Spherical and Membrane Large LNG. Carriers in Terms of Cargo Handling
GASTECH 2005 Comparison of Spherical and Membrane Large LNG Carriers in Terms of Cargo Handling Author Co-authors Kiho Moon, Chief Researcher Daejun Chang, Senior Researcher Donghun Lee, Researcher Hyundai
More informationTheoretical and Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer in Pipeline System
APCOM & ISCM -4 th December, 20, Singapore Theoretical and Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer in Pipeline System Xiaowei Zhu, Hui Tang, *Hua Li, Jiahua Hong, Songyuan Yang School of Mechanical & Aerospace
More informationLo Stoccaggio dell Energia negli Impianti Solari a Concentrazione
Trasporto e Stoccaggio dell Energia: Come diventare Smart Milano, 11/07/2011 Enrico Savoldi Renewable and Nuclear Energies Business Development Manager Lo Stoccaggio dell Energia negli Impianti Solari
More informationFundamentals of THERMAL-FLUID SCIENCES
Fundamentals of THERMAL-FLUID SCIENCES THIRD EDITION YUNUS A. CENGEL ROBERT H. TURNER Department of Mechanical JOHN M. CIMBALA Me Graw Hill Higher Education Boston Burr Ridge, IL Dubuque, IA Madison, Wl
More informationNatural Convection. Buoyancy force
Natural Convection In natural convection, the fluid motion occurs by natural means such as buoyancy. Since the fluid velocity associated with natural convection is relatively low, the heat transfer coefficient
More information