Position IT in Project Management (Case study: municipalities of Namin)

Transcription

1 JANUARY 0 Position IT in Project Management (Case study: municipalities of Namin) Shahram Gilaninia(Corresponding Author) Department of Business Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Guilan, Iran Seyyed Javad Mousavian Department of Management, Astara Branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran Mohsen Ahani Seyed Hasan Hosseini Ali Farzin Aidin Bayrami Kamyar Sayad Hossein Bizhani Hojatollah Moridzadeh Fatemeh Zadbagher Seighalani Department of Business Management, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran Abstract An organization to achieve its overall objectives has required to planning and accurate control of tasks process with corrects management. Today, considering that project management is as one of professional discussion management. Managers take advantage of several tools in this field. One of these tools is project management software that have found widely used with advances in science, technology, information technology and project management. This paper reviews the basic concepts of information technology, the relationship between IT with time and cost of projects, using the survey method has been studied in the municipality Namin. The Above study shows the impact of information technology to reduce time and costs projects associated with to improve quality. Keywords: Macroeconomic Objectives, Information Technology, Project Management, Basic Concepts, Software Introduction Project management and project management dates back to at least 500 years ago without the knowledge of dates. Emergence of project management as a science was started from the First World War. Project management with today s view refers to planning and control and management of projects. The nonrepetitive and unique and temporary and can be broken into a series of activities that have a defined start and end points and are used a set of resources at different levels. In the past, due to the lack of diversity and complexity of process and steps doing projects and lack of attention Project management as a structured, require careful management and planning of pre design was not felt. Many companies try to review their managerial patterns (Gilaninia, 0).With elapsed time, technology and diversity; epidemic field of information technology (IT), knowledge management has also witnessed tremendous progress. Experience has shown our efficiency is much better than other days when we noted daily work COPY RIGHT 0 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 75

2 JANUARY 0 in last night. Now in control project in addition to listing activities, sequence, time, resources and cost, they are carefully planned. Today projects surround all of our lives in the working environment and social and with technology development, the number and variety of municipal projects, past approaches lost their efficiency and now as one of the most effective strategies, project management and projectoriented organizations have been proposed for integrated management plan. From benefits of this technology can be noted to Rial control and physical progress of projects and project management database, consisting from: information, architectural validities, contracts, contractors, banks and situation and address the construction and also create an electronic archive of documents and projects and contracts (Mamdouhi, 008:). In today's business environment is characterized by increasing competition(gilaninia& et al,0).time, cost and quality of the project are main components of project that disregard and negligence in the case of each is leading to lack of success, or failure of the project. In project traditional control, resource allocation to the components of the project was not accurate and was calculated as the total that led to a shortage or surplus budget. Also due to the subjective and sometimes inaccurate estimates time of doing projects, most of the time managers spend on repetitive tasks and without schedule predesigned that finally, two factors the lack of control time of and cost is led to confusion management and waste of resource and costs. Today, despite new information technology including diverse software of management, time management and cost and control quality of projects being addressed and even have been considered balance the cost and time between several projects and According to need for strong management in different fields with information technology especially when need to careful management, information technology can play a role in the fate projects. Literature review.. History of Project Management History project management in the world is usually considered management great projects such as building the pyramids of Egypt, wall of China and establishes the order of Darius of Persepolis. Each of these projects including large and complex projects in human history and are made with high standards and applying great human resources. When a manager enters to City of mysterious Achaemenid and in every corner of it sees prominent artistic designs of the ancient ;No doubt people will wonder how such a huge project, nearly two thousand five hundred years ago made with a unique quality. The current business environment is very different from the past(gilaninia & et al,0) Although the order of Cyrus, Pasargadae engineers and builders were obliged to write describe their work and schedule the next day in plaque that was known to Karnamk but today cant expressing Strong statement about how careful management of large projects, ancient times by relying to speculation.because unfortunately hasn t been found evidence or indication of how to apply project management methods and techniques in in this project (Hasti, 00:). But history of project management returns to in early years of the 900s in new world where Henry Gantt with development of its innovative bar chart initiated movement rapid during the 950 and 960 in the air space and military projects in the United States and England. Henry Gantt as the father of planning and project control techniques have been recorded in history.however during the 950s and 960s to the early years of growth and development of project management is known in the contemporary world. These years are beginning of evolution and development of methods and knowledge associated the nine project management that years later were used by operating different software and in projects. With the development of electronic systems (Gilaninia & et al, 0) Rapid technological change, intense competition market and intensive consultations and powerful companies, organizations and businesses responsible for all projects should be encouraged to change their management systems. With changes in technology, project management and project oriented in the management is the only way was facing the contractors. COPY RIGHT 0 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 75

3 JANUARY 0.. Definition of Project Management Project management is planning and directing projects within the framework of time, cost and determine quality to create of its optimal results. Project management encompasses activities of planning, organizing, monitoring implementing and the implementation directing and is trying with the correct use of resources delivering expected and identified results with previous agreement cost in the right time. In other words, project management is applying knowledge, skills, tools and techniques necessary to manage flow of activities execution, elimination of needs and expectations of the custodians from the project implementation. Project management use from planning and control for implementation (Hasti, 00:)... Definition of project planning It is the process of planning, determine sequencing and balance of activities required implementing a project With regard to required time for execution of each activity and the quality determined for its activities (Hasti, 00:)... Definition of project control Project control is a process for maintain path project to achieve an economic balance between three factors: cost, time of and quality during project implementation that will help from their tools and techniques in this matter. In fact control, accurate and complete execution of codified plan for the project so in time of exit the program can with determine causes and design most economical of activities return project to the closest situation on its original path(hasti, 00,:). Control project uses from the following three factors in this way: Determine the actual status of project Compared actual situation with program Consider corrective action.5. Project management function Project management is tools for planning and directing the project to desired goals. These objectives are based on customer satisfaction and attention to three factors: time, quality and cost. At first sight maybe the tools and methods used in waste management, time consuming and cost, but it should be noted that project management is the only way that you can ensure from do to timely project. Project management is a way for appropriate use from human, machine and money in direction of right execution and timely a new work, the work must be done right in the first run. Project management or projectbased management is method of efficiency in the management for dealing with new tasks and create balance according to project scope, cost and quality in terms of time and in environment full of risks. The purpose from training project managers is enabling them against project problems and prepares them for entry into new and unexplored area of the project..6. Project management standards With the expansion field of trade, companies and globalization of projects, today use of standards for being coordinate persons involved in a project and ensures work correct implementation is essential. Standards, in addition to explain work and how determine execution of correct operation, as the reference for the group project is considered in disagreements. Standards strength is in their comprehensive, simplicity, public acceptability to users and ensures the correct execution of the work. According to globalization of manufacturing and production companies and to expand work markets, project managers COPY RIGHT 0 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 75

4 JANUARY 0 should be familiar with project management standards. Today with the complexity projects and the need for use of IT in planning, management and control of projects, we should consider role of information technology especially different software of project such as Microsoft project Mindjet Mind Manager and (Ahmadiannejad, 009:7). For managers use accurate and consequent of this software should be taught to managers basic concepts of Information Technology..7. Basic Concepts of Information Technology All the concepts of information technology lie at the center of ICDL. According to great extent and discussion about it and because it does not fit in this article, following is a brief hints. ICDL (International Computer Driving License) International Computer Driving License is an international license that confirms ability of holders of this certificate in computer skills..8. Europe International Computer Driving License Europe International Computer Driving License is international license of computer skills that have developed in 60 countries. This license is called international computer driving license for countries of outside Europe (Shokoufaeian,Heidari Moghadam,00:). Goals of Licenses is including: improve of capabilities in IT Develop a culture of computer use for the general population Optimization of society current affairs and in result to better response to the basic needs of people. Promote efficiency in companies 5 Create ability in employers to effective invest in IT 6 Ensure optimal use of maximum staff skills and abilities in the workplace..9. Icdl Skills According to international standard, ICDL courses consist of the seven skills that include: First skill: Basic concepts of information technology, fundamentals of computer science and its technology. Second skill: Use the computer and managing files, operating system windows. Third skill: word software Forth skill: excel software Fifth skill: access software Sixth skill: power point software Seventh skill: outlook software, internet Main hypothesis Effective uses of the seven skills IT are unequal in priorities. Research Method The present study is application from survey methods and statistical community including municipal employees of Namin (including contract, formal). Data collection tool was questionnaire (containing 5 questions), validity and reliability questionnaire determine by the expert survey method and content than prepared of questionnaire. All questionnaires distributed and collected and the results were extracted. 5 Data Analysis The results of testing main statistical hypothesis by questionnaires and effect of IT on cost,quality projects, reducing the number of human resources,reducing Bureaucracy and paperwork. COPY RIGHT 0 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 75

5 JANUARY 0 Table Frequency distribution the impact of on information technology doing projects Too little little Rate of effect Average much too much Row Questions in the questionnaire 5 The amount of Impact IT on reducing cost projects The amount of Impact IT on reducing time projects The amount of Impact IT on Quality Improvement of project The amount of Impact IT on reducing the number of human resources The amount of Impact IT on reducing Bureaucracy and paperwork %.7 %.7 %6.7 %.7 From 0 questionnaires distributed, questionnaires were answered completely, 5 incomplete questionnaires, did not answer question and 9 questionnaires was not returned so do the questionnaires have been completed answer and analysis by spss software. And the frequencies and percentage frequencies were extracted. %. %.7 %.7 %.7 %.7 %6.7 %. 7 %. % %0 %0 %0 %.7 The amount of Impact IT on reducing Bureaucracy and paperwork 5% 5 The amount of Impact IT on reducing the number of human resources %8. The amount of Impact IT on Quality Improvement of project The amount of Impact IT on reducing cost projects %6.7 The amount of Impact IT on reducing time projects %.7 Figure (): Variables prioritize introduced based on impact of IT on them COPY RIGHT 0 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 755

6 JANUARY 0 According to the influence of "much" and "too much" is higher and are determined, so prioritize variables were done based on these two items and the results have been reflected in figure. 6 Discussion & Conclusion Regarding the use of information technology in projects are lead to reduce costs, save time and precise control of projects quality, This issue should feel seriously by managers and country's macroeconomic policies are the largest sponsor in order to prepare of IT by the public sector and private sector (as the original pieces). Also following obstacles must be overcome to achieve higher goals. A special fund is considered part of IT Means that there is Prepared to accept IT. Training for administrators familiar with seven computer skills and Training specific software and total raising the level of society digital literacy. Support of private sector as soldiers development of IT in the country. Approved a special budget IT for organizations. 5 Giving more facilities software and hardware to department of Informatics organizations. COPY RIGHT 0 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 756

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