REFUGEE PERCEPTIONS STUDY

Transcription

1 OXFAM RESEARCH REPORTS JUNE 2014 REFUGEE PERCEPTIONS STUDY Z tri Cmp n Host Communitis in Jorn BRYANT CASTRO SERRATO OXFAM GB This stuy ims to ssss th ns of rfugs from Syri rsiing in Jorn y looking t oth ojtiv t n prptions of th sitution from th prsptiv of th rfugs thmslvs. Th purpos of this is to llow orgniztions to intify nw hllngs n gps in i ssistn fforts in Jorn. Thos survy for this stuy rsi in rs whr Oxfm hs oprtions or is plnning to provi ssistn, inluing Z tri Cmp Distrits 6,7, n 8, Zrq n Blq Govrnorts, n th informl sttlmnts in Jw (southst Ammn) n th Jorn Vlly. Oxfm Rsrh Rports r writtn to shr rsrh rsults, to ontriut to puli t n to invit fk on vlopmnt n humnitrin poliy n prti. Thy o not nssrily rflt Oxfm poliy positions. Th viws xprss r thos of th uthor n not nssrily thos of Oxfm.

2 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 1 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES 10 2 METHODOLOGY 11 3 ZA ATARI CAMP FINDINGS 14 4 HOST COMMUNITY FINDINGS 25 5 CAMP AND HOST COMMUNITIES - IMPACT OF FAMILY RELATIONS 36 6 ANNEX 39 2 Rfug Prptions Stuy: Z tri Cmp n Host Communitis in Jorn

3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Th sitution in Syri rmins in stlmt n is inrsingly tking on th hrtristis of ply ntrnh n protrt onflit, spit on-going politil isussions in Gnv n lswhr. Th implitions for Jorn r signifint n th humnitrin strtgy moving forwr into 2014 is unrsor y unpritl inflows of rfugs. Th Unit Ntions High Commissionr for Rfugs (UNHCR) is ling fforts to oorint n onsolit ssistn to Jorn s rfug popultion n plnning for 2014 is s on n pproximt popultion of up to 650,000 rfugs n ontingny stimt of up to n itionl 350,000 rfugs y th n of th yr. 1 Th mjority of rfugs, n stimt 80%, r rsiing in isprs urn-s host ommunitis or in informl tnt sttlmnts ross th ountry. Aitionlly, thr r 80,000 to 120,000 rfugs onntrt in Z tri Rfug Cmp. 2 Humnitrin i orgnistions hv n oprting sin th ginning of th risis, ut s th sitution ontinus to volv n rfugs tim in Jorn inrss, nw hllngs ris. Ai provirs must ontinuously nlys this omplx lnsp to gug how st to rss gps n moify ssistn strtgis oringly. Anlysing th ns of rfugs is multiimnsionl xris tht oftn looks t oth ojtiv t (numr of rfugs or itms istriut) n lso sujtiv informtion (how rfugs priv thir sitution or wht thy liv r th most signifint iffiultis). This stuy is fous on sujtiv rfug prptions n unrstnings. 3 Th rsults highlight som ky gps n hllngs tht rfugs thmslvs intifi. Th mthoology ws s on: (1) n ltroni qustionnir of 259 houshols, rprsnting totl of 1,751 prsons, n (2) fous group isussions with 24 groups, sgrgt y g n sx with totl of 224 prtiipnts. Dt ptur only fous on lotions whr Oxfm is prsntly or plnning to provi ssistn n inlu th following rs: Z tri Cmp Distrits 6, 7, n 8; Zrq n Blq Govrnorts; n th informl sttlmnts in Jw (southst Ammn) n within th Jorn Vlly. A summry of ky finings for oth Z tri Cmp n Host Communitis r: Ass to Srvis Vrious humnitrin gnis n govrnmnt ntitis r proviing si srvis within Z tri Cmp t oth th istrit n mp lvl. In th host ommunitis rfugs riv rng of srvis from vrious typs of provirs, ut in vrying quntity n qulity - th provision is nithr s omprhnsiv nor s oorint s within th Cmp u to th isprs popultion n gogrphi rng. Dspit ths iffrns, pproximtly 50% of rsponnts from th Cmp n lso from th host ommunitis rport fing iffiultis in ssing srvis, s isuss low. Ky finings for Z tri Cmp: Mil - Min hurls to ssing mil srvis r th istn to filitis, inonsistnt qulity of srvis inluing stff hviour towrs rfugs, n th limit pity to rss oth th numr of ptints n thir mil onitions. Mny rfugs rport going irtly to privt linis u to ngtiv first-hn xprin or rumours. Rfug Prptions Stuy: Z tri Cmp n Host Communitis in Jorn 3

4 NFI n Foo Distriutions - Chllngs r istn or xtn witing prios, surity onrns ssoit with rows or hrssmnt, th lk of suffiint foo, fml snitry itms n iprs. Crvn istriutions in prtiulr wr sn s unjust n ovr-rlint on strt lrs for nfiiry sltion. Wtr n Snittion - Brrirs to ths ommunl filitis r ssoit with surity n privy onrns (hightn y istn to filitis n th lk of lighting), th lk of qulity infrstrutur (notly in rs with prfrit units), poor hygin/lnlinss of filitis n th unrliility of wtr livry. Privy, ulturl norms n th n to hv ignity lso push los to 50% of rfugs to uil thir own privt ooking rs n ltrins (oftn y pilfring of ommunl mtrils). Eution - Brrirs rng from frs of ullying or hrssmnt to lk of ttnn u to ulturl rsons or ompting mploymnt opportunitis. Som prnts si thy on t sn hilrn to shool us of insuffiint shoolooks n othr mtrils; girls lso lim tht thrs rt stunts n orporl punishmnt is us spit thir ojtions. Priority finings for th host ommunitis: Mil - Mny of th lims prlll thos within Z tri Cmp, inluing istns to lrgr puli hospitls n inonsistnt qulity of srvi, spifilly isrimintion y n poor hviour of stff, rfusl to provi ssistn n th limit pity to rss th numr of ptints n thir ns, spilly thos suffring from hroni onitions. Conrns wr lso ris out xploittion y phrmis. Eution - Th opning of son shool shift to ommot mor stunts gnrlly rsss th ns of hilrn in urn-s ommunitis. Th sitution in tnt sttlmnts in th Jorn Vlly n Jw is iffrnt - istn to shools is prohiitiv u to th ommunitis isoltion n mny hilrn r working inst. To ountr this, fmilis r rqusting informl ution s irtly within thir sttlmnts. Foo Vouhr Distriution Cntrs - Numrous llgtions rnging from profitring to potntil fml xploittion wr ris. In ition istn n trnsport osts to ntrs r hllng for finnilly insur fmilis. Rming Foo Vouhrs - Som vnors r llgly xploiting n mnipulting th vlu of vouhrs. Rfugs lim thy r pying highr pris for goos or ing ovrhrg with fititious itms. Mny womn lim shop ownrs prvnt thm from slting frsh, qulity fruit n vgtls, s ths wr only vill to ustomrs pying in sh. Rgistrtion Rlt - Rfugs it numrous hllngs ssoit with rgistrtion. Issus rng from ill trtmnt t rgistrtion rnwl lotions to th lk of srvis upon xpirtion of rfug oumnts, whih n lst up to six months for rnwls r pross. Multipl Sours of Assistn - Support in th host ommunitis is provi y vrity of intrntionl NGOS, lol CBOs n iniviuls. Consquntly, trnsprny n qulity stnrs r wk n oorintion is iffiult to nsur. Rfugs stt thy hv xprin xploittion n onfusion ovr multipl nfiiry rgistrtions, n r susptil to rumours. This is fostring mistrust n unrmining onfin in provirs. Housing - Thirty-six pr nt (36%) of survy rsponnts init thy hv onrns rgring thir housing sitution. Of ths, lmost hlf urrntly f thrt of vition or nnot py rnt. As oping mhnism, fmilis r rgulrly sking n moving to hpr ommotion, hightning vulnrilitis s thy onstntly n to r-rgistr, fin provirs n rt soil support ntworks. Rsponnts lso ris frs tht NGOs 4 Rfug Prptions Stuy: Z tri Cmp n Host Communitis in Jorn

5 proviing irt sh pymnts to lnlors for rntl ssistn r invrtntly using rntl pris to inrs n rting tnsions with Jornin nighours. Sfty n Surity In Z tri Cmp, los to 80% of rsponnts flt sf. In th Host Communitis this numr ros to 87%. Womn in th Cmp intifi ltrin/showr loks n ommunl kithns s th most insur lotions. Both mn n womn wr xpliit in stting thy i not ssoit insurity with thrts of physil violn (outsi of th omsti sphr). Rfugs outsi th mp ho this sntimnt s wll. Fr ws unrstoo in highly sujtiv mnnr n losly link to ulturl hits tht mphsis privy n ignity. Whil th lr mjority of rfugs fl sf, thy my still rquir hlp from poli on osion,.g. in th s of n mrgny, whn sking rours from xploittion or to hlp mitigt ommunl tnsions. In th Cmp, only 19% of rsponnts si thy woul sk hlp from th poli if th n ros. Rnt fforts in stlishing ommunity poli n foot ptrols within mp istrits h hlp som rfugs hv grtr trust for th poli, whil thos who xprss istrust wr sing this on frs of porttion (u to illgl mploymnt) or trum from intrtions with surity fors whilst in Syri. Forty-svn pr nt (47%) of host ommunity-s rfugs si thy woul ontt th poli for hlp. Prtiipnts who h lry intrt with poli wr mor positiv n lim th xprin hng thir initil ssumptions, sying thy oul tlk opnly to Jornin poli n riv ssistn without riry. Rsponnts who viw th poli ngtivly wr sr tht poli woul forily rturn thm to th Cmp if thy h lft it illglly, port thm or mk thm py ris to provi ny kin of ssistn. Ass to Informtion n Rfug Prtiiption Informtion is ssntil in orr for rfugs to know thir rights, unrstn wht srvis r vill n how to ss ssistn. Yt informtion lon is oftn insuffiint to mpowr rfugs. Provirs n to nsur informtion is livr through pproprit mns, tht trust unrpins informtion mpigns n opportunitis for fk n prtiiption in ision-mking r lso vill. Rfugs fl thy still n informtion on ky stors n o not hv ss to rlil, onsistnt sours of informtion. Gps n wk issmintion mhnisms llow rumours to sily spr mongst th popultion, roing trust n gnrting onfusion. Ky finings for Z tri Cmp: Ky Informtion Ns - Survy rsults show tht 75% of rsponnts wnt mor informtion on mil srvis, 59% on foo istriutions, losly follow y 57% on mploymnt n lgl issus rlt to work, n 52% on wtr n snittion. Th ovrll mssg howvr is tht rfugs n ttr unrstning n ovrviw of srvis in th mp - this inlus th si 4W s: who, wht, whr n whn. Dlivry of Informtion - Informtion flows in th Cmp r ovrly fous on strt lrs n orinry rfugs r pnnt on gtting tim-snsitiv informtion y worof-mouth, whih is not rlil. Only 44% of survy houshols it strt lrs s on of thir most trust sours n this ropp to 34% for fml-h houshols. Rfugs liv NGOs shoul ivrsify thir ommunitions pproh n rt rng of mhnisms to livr informtion in mor nutrl n glitrin mnnr. Trust Sours of Informtion - Only 13% of survy rsponnts it UN/NGO stff s on of thir most trust sours of informtion. Thr r numrous rsons, ut th lk of n initil orinttion n informtion pkg for rfugs rriving in th Cmp is Rfug Prptions Stuy: Z tri Cmp n Host Communitis in Jorn 5

6 onsirl gp. Oftn othr rfugs ngtivs xprins with provirs or rumours r onvy to thm s thir first sour of informtion on mp lif. This isourgs nwly rriv rfugs from ngging with humnitrins n mks futur onfin uiling msurs mor iffiult. Fk n Rfug Prtiiption - Rfugs lim tht humnitrins provi ut o not listn, tht fil stff ling mtings r not snior nough n mtings with provirs r unproutiv. Womn n youths stt thy wr oftn ovrlook y provirs n lso f ulturl or prntl limittions to gtting mor involv. Prtiipnts wnt provirs to inrs nggmnt inititivs, improv fk mhnisms, n 92% of houshol rsponnts r willing to mt srvi provirs t lst on month. Priority finings for th host ommunitis: Ky Informtion Ns - Th provision of up-to-t n rlil informtion to rfugs s in host ommunitis is onsirly mor hllnging thn outrh within Z tri Cmp. Rfugs intifi ll stor informtion gps s priority n, howvr milrlt onrns r th most slint s rfugs r fing numrous hllngs t puli hospitls. Rfugs wnt lrity on whih mil prours thy r ntitl to, whih thy must py for n why, n how to rqust itionl support if nssry. Dlivry of Informtion - Fifty-two pr nt (52%) of rsponnts init tht thy urrntly riv informtion y wor-of-mouth, 50% from rif SMS mssgs, n 58% y short phon lls. Whn sk how rfugs woul prfr to gt informtion, wor-of-mouth ropp rmtilly to just 8%, n th us of SMS txting n phons lls inrs to 67% n 87%, rsptivly. Yt ths outrh mhnisms o not provi sustntiv informtion n fous on quik, short mssging. In orr to hv qustions qutly rss, rfugs n inrs intrtiv opportunitis, suh s f-to-f visits, ommunity mtings or funtioning hotlins. Fk n Rfug Prtiiption - Som innovtiv fk tools hv n stlish for host ommunity-s rfugs, ut thr is n ovrll fiiny in nsuring ths tools r fftiv, hv qut rsours n r support y xprin stff. Furthrmor, provirs r missing ky opportunitis to work with n uil on lry stlish lol rfug-l inititivs tht woul mximis thir fforts. Impt of Displmnt on Fmily Rltions: Womn r inrsingly oming rwinnrs or r spifilly trgt y srvi provirs. This is shifting powr wy from tritionl ml-omint rols n impting mn n womn in iffrnt wys tht oftn strss rltionships. Mn s lry lowr slfstm u to unmploymnt is ntut y wht thy s s th growing powr of womn. This is in prt ling to inrs prottion onrns, suh s omsti violn, s mn f iffiultis in oping with thir sitution n rmin rlutnt to sk hlp. Womn n young girls in turn rport fling ovrwhlm y nw rsponsiilitis, using hightn nxity n invitly fulling mor rgumnts within th fmily. Limit moility is furthr ompouning prottion issus, s fmily mmrs r onfin to homs u to lk of mploymnt opportunitis or sfty onrns. Rfugs rport losing thir sns of privy n prsonl from, ling to onstnt stt of nxity n low ptin with fmily mmrs. Crmp living onitions, oftn in on room or tnt, r lso ffting intimy twn prtnrs n th wy hilrn r trt. Prnts sri thmslvs s short-tmpr n frquntly fling tht th only solution lft to isiplin hilrn ws to hit thm. Unrpinning this is th strss of not knowing wht th futur will hol - if fmilis will rturn to Syri or ontinu living s rfugs n rlying on humnitrin support. 6 Rfug Prptions Stuy: Z tri Cmp n Host Communitis in Jorn

7 RECOMMENDATIONS Strtgi Progrmm Dirtion Prioritis th rruitmnt of ppropritly xprin ntionl stff n olstr intrntionl suprvision (fil s tm lrs). Sussful progrmm implmnttion is unrpinn y pl n suffiint stff tht vot qut rsours to oth thnil outputs,.g. # of soli wst ommitts, n to soft skills (.g. onfin-uiling n outrh inititivs). Dvot suffiint rsours n plnning to stff vlopmnt. Ntionl stff n pproprit knowlg on ling mtings, nfiiry ommunitions, prottions, t. Humn rsours n tm lrs shoul vlop ky trining prioritis n lnr of implmnttion. Commit to qut lvls of informtion issmintion, nfiiry fk n qulity ontrol. This will rquir oorintion with humn rsours n progrmm vlopmnt to nsur stff rsours n pitis r l to support ths tivitis (.g. MEAL ns it intrntionl mngr for Jorn with two ntionls to ovr mp n host ommunity). Ensur losr link twn fil oprtions n voy. Support lol or oprtionl voy. It is imprtiv tht ln twn high-profil intrntionl voy n lol oprtionl voy is intifi. Oprtionl voy n hiv quik rsults s it uils on th xprtis n knowlg of fil tms. Brinstorm n intify potntil synrgis with ARDD-Lgl Ai, VOICE n lol CBOs. Oxfm shoul work losr with ths prtnrs, intify mutul prioritis n oorint fil tivitis (.g. vlop SOPs on informtion shring n onuting joint sit visits). Fostr losr ooprtion, oorintion n informtion shring with UNHCR ross ll fil oprtions. Approh UNHCR with im for trnsprnt, frnk n mutully nfiil isussions. Invst in oprtionl informtion thnology n ts pplitions/ mngmnt. It is vitl to utomt t ptur to improv ffiiny n fftivnss of t nlysis n shring. This n support fil tms, prottion n MEAL. Slting n pproprit ts pplition tht is omptil with UNHCR s AtivityInfo, RAIS n/or ProGrs n support improv oorintion. Oprtionl Approhs n Opportunitis Control n Displ Rumours. Aim to ispl rumours pro-tivly through informtion issmintion n vlop fk mhnism tht n rss qustions. Work losr with fith lrs or rligious s CBOs. Us fith-s ntrs s forum to issmint informtion n hlp uil trust with ptiv uin tht visits on rgulr sis. Stuy rntl oping mhnisms n impt on vulnrility. Rfugs onstntly rlot to fin lowr rnt. Consir how this my impt vulnrility n just progrmms oringly. Dvlop nfiiry ommunitions strtgy. Progrmms shoul vlop hrmonis outrh strtgy, using vrious tools tht will minimis rrirs ffting gnr n g groups. Consir fml moility limittions. Du to ultur or surity, fmls r limit in moility n nggmnt with provirs. Intify wys to ovrom this through progrmming (.g. informtion issmintion rquirs pproprit ln twn Rfug Prptions Stuy: Z tri Cmp n Host Communitis in Jorn 7

8 trgt sit/hom visits, vloping lolis informtion hus n us of Oxfm fil offis). Orintt VOICE to fill signifint oprtionl gps tht will hiv short-trm rsults. Coorintion n onsolition of lol informtion is vitl yt no prtnrs r voting rsours to this. VOICE Jorn shoul implmnt lol Rfug Rsour Cntr (RCC), s originlly init in projt proposl, whry it onsolits 4Ws of r n ooprts with CBOs to provi on-stop shop for rfugs. Consir us of VOICE or Host Community fil tms in supporting lolis onfin-uiling msurs with poli. CARE l sussful mpign with Irqi rfugs y inviting poli to fil sits n prsnting thm to th rfug ommunity. Intifying rfug-l ommunity inititivs n rinfor. Consir how Oxfm n link rfug l inititivs,.g. rfug rntl finn group in Bq n Sfoot. Possily rt fk mhnism tht llows rfugs to provi omplints/rqusts through rfug l forums n Oxfm n, in turn, hnnl this to rlvnt prtnrs (s how VOICE n l on this too). Improv trnsprny n unrstning of Oxfm istriution pross. Som rfugs omplin tht Oxfm s sltion pross ws unlr or unfir. This impts Oxfm s riility ut n sily orrt with suffiint ttntion y stff. Consir provision of tnt/rvn/prtmnt privy moifition kit. Privy n prsonl sp limittions impt prottion lvls n fmily ynmis. Oxfm shoul onsir how to vlop moifition kit tht will llow rfugs to omprtmntlis tnts or rooms. Aim to inrs trgting of womn (youth n ult) in progrmming n informtion issmintion. Consir how ultur n oth rrir n opportunity for Oxfm to ngg with womn (.g. forml prsnttion of stff to womn in front of husns). Prottion Tm shoul vlut through mor in-pth mnnr th impt of isplmnt n ssistn on fmily ynmis. On im is to ttr unrstn how mpowring n rol rvrsls n inrs tnsions n prottion onrns. Prottion tm shoul onsir vloping rfrrl trking systm tht n us y fil tms. Options oul inlu, vloping PDA s prottion form tht fil tms oul us to trk slf-rfrrls. Ensur oorintion with UNHCR prottion. Avoy n Poliy Issus R-orintt voy tivitis n stff to fous on oprtionl n lol issus. In ition to trgting oprtionl poliy issus, voy stff n to ttr unrstn fil tivitis n ttn intr-gny oorintion mtings, oth in Ammn n fil lotions. Priority issus s intifi in this rport: COMMUNICATIONS: Highlight impt of rumours to prtnrs, im to olstr outrh n informtion issmintion pitis. COMMUNICATIONS: All stors improv fk mhnisms to nsur tivitis r trnsprnt n ountl. COMMUNICATIONS: Prtnrs shoul not isount potntil for rio us in Z tri Cmp; pilot provision of solr powr rio k y ommunitions spifi gny (.g. Intrnws). WASH: Oxfm n ACTED to improv n monitor wtr livry in th Cmp. EDUCATION: Rlvnt prtnrs in Z tri Cmp to vlop nutrl fk mhnism tht prnts n us to rss onrns,.g. orporl punishmnt. 8 Rfug Prptions Stuy: Z tri Cmp n Host Communitis in Jorn

9 EDUCATION: Rlvnt prtnrs to onsir support for informl ution opportunitis in informl sttlmnts (.g. irtly provi ssistn to Syrin thrs living in ommunity). DISTRIBUTIONS: Prtnrs to inrs trnsprny on ritri n nfiiry sltion pross. POLICE: Trust-uiling msurs must ontinu in Z tri Cmp. Ensur propr trining so poli o not ollt fk on humnitrin issus. UNHCR: On vrious issus; isuss in opn n trnsprnt mnnr, spilly on prottion rlt onrns tking pl t vouhr istriution sits. UNHCR: Must nsur th immit roll-out of Z tri Cmp initil orinttion vio n informtion pk; itionlly to vlop host ommunity spifi informtion pk tht prtnrs n istriut. UNHCR: Follow up on implmnttion n ompltion of Iris Sn pross in host ommunitis. UNHCR: To provi outrh on offiil Z tri ilout pross n oumnttion; this will minimis xploittion n sms tht hrg rfugs upwrs of 600 JOD to lv mp. Also nsur UNHCR implmnts Normlistion Offis in th Cmp n host ommunitis tht will llow rfugs who lft Z tri Cmp illglly to normlis thir oumnts. VULNERABILITY CRITERIA: L isussion rgring rfugs slipping through stlish vulnrility ritri gps (.g. Jornin womn who spnt signifint mount of lif in Syri n ni rfug sttus n ssistn upon ntring Jorn or young mn who r ni ntry into Jorn y surity fors, ut ntr illglly without oumnttion). PROTECTION: Monitor potntil for for isplmnt of informl sttlmnts in Jorn Vlly n Jw, oorint with UNHCR n onsir wht progrmm justmnts will hv to tk pl if govrnmnt polis will in for rfugs to mov to Z tri Cmp. FOOD/VOUCHER USE: WFP shoul improv qulity ontrols n ountility of vnors who llgly us or xploit vouhr us. Consir Oxfm s us of srt shopprs to oumnt us n us for voy. FOOD/VOUCHER USE: Gnrl fk inits tht rfugs prfr to hv flxiility n inpnn of sh-ssistn to mt thir ns inst of ppr/vouhrs. This woul lso minimis th potntil for us y vnors. WASH: UNICEF n prtnrs in Z tri mp shoul minimis th us of prfrit ltrins tht r iffiult to mintin n lso onsir how to just progrmms givn tht rfugs r prioritising th onstrution of privt ltrins/showrs. SECURITY: UNHCR ns to rpily implmnt th instlltion of solr lighting in Z tri Cmp, spilly in ky rs (.g. ommunl ltrins n showrs). MEDICAL: UNHCR or othr ntity shoul vlop nutrl omusmn mhnism to riv omplints n monitor puli mil srvis in host ommunitis n in Z tri Cmp. HOUSING: Intr-gny working group shoul l rpi stuy on th impt of provirs irtly pying lnlors with inrs rntl pris. Rfug Prptions Stuy: Z tri Cmp n Host Communitis in Jorn 9

10 1 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Th sitution in Syri rmins in stlmt n is inrsingly tking on th hrtristis of ply ntrnh n protrt onflit, spit on-going politil isussions in Gnv n lswhr. Th implitions for Jorn r signifint n th humnitrin strtgy moving forwr into 2014 is unrsor y unpritl inflows of rfugs, from miniml rossings to potntil surgs. Th Unit Ntions High Commissionr for Rfugs (UNHCR) is ling fforts to oorint n onsolit ssistn to Jorn s rfug popultion through th Rgionl Rspons Pln (RRP6) n through othr onsulttiv inititivs with intrntionl humnitrin prtnrs. Plnning for 2014 is s on n pproximt popultion of up to 650,000 rfugs in Jorn n ontingny stimt of up to n itionl 350,000 rfugs to potntilly ntr th ountry y th n of th yr. 4 Th mjority of rfugs, n stimt 80%, r rsiing in isprs urn-s host ommunitis or in informl tnt sttlmnts ross th ountry, ut signifint onntrtion rsi nr th northrn n northwstrn govrnorts n th pitl of Ammn. Aitionlly, thr r 80,000 to 120,000 rfugs onntrt in th Z tri Rfug Cmp. 5 Humnitrin i orgnistions n lol hrity groups hv n oprting sin th ginning of th risis, ut s th sitution ontinus to volv n rfugs tim in Jorn inrss, nw hllngs n ns hv risn. Ai provirs must ontinuously nlys this omplx lnsp to gug how st to rss gps n moify ssistn strtgis oringly. Anlysing th ns of rfugs is multi-imnsionl xris tht oftn looks t oth ojtiv t (numr of rfugs or itms istriut) n lso sujtiv informtion (how rfugs priv thir sitution or wht thy liv r th most signifint iffiultis). This stuy is fous on sujtiv rfug prptions n unrstnings. 6 It ims to highlight som ky gps, hllngs n opportunitis tht rfugs thmslvs intifi. Th nlysis onntrts on thms rlvnt to Oxfm s progrmmti n poliy tivitis, oth urrnt n plnn. Th gol of th rport is to hlp support: 1. Th vlopmnt n moifition of Oxfm progrmms to th spifi ns of rfugs; 2. Th intifition of poliy rommntions for voy n loying inititivs; 3. Th vlopmnt of Oxfm s thr-yr strtgy for th Jorn rspons. 10 Rfug Prptions Stuy: Z tri Cmp n Host Communitis in Jorn

11 2 METHODOLOGY 2.1 Approh Oxfm s t olltion pproh ptur quntittiv n qulittiv informtion from rfugs in lotions whr Oxfm is prsntly oprting in Jorn: Z tri Cmp (Distrits 6, 7, 8), within th host ommunitis of Zrq n Blq govrnorts, n ross isprs informl sttlmnts in Jw (southstrn Ammn) n th Jorn Vlly. Th t olltion tm ws ompos of nin trin numrtors. It onsist of svn Syrin rfugs n two Jornin lwyrs. Dt olltion ws rri out using mix mthoology ompos of four tools: 1) litrtur rviw of xisting rports n t on th rfug sitution in Jorn; 2) th us of PDA (hnhl vis) to onut houshol survy qustionnir fousing on quntittiv t n limit qulittiv follow-up; 3) t tringultion with qulittiv fous group isussions (FGDs) sprt y gnr n lso y g whn possil; n 4) limit ky informnt intrviws with mostly Oxfm stff n iniviul rfugs. Th rfug smpl siz im to s rprsnttiv s possil in th slt lotions whil tking into ount ugt n tim onstrints. In orr to lowr th smpl siz yt nsur th intgrity of th t, th mthoology rli on t tringultion twn quntittiv n qulittiv t n lso t sturtion (whn FGDs wr no longr prouing nw informtion). This pproh st minimum smpl siz for oth Z tri Cmp n host ommunitis t 127 houshol intrviws in h lotion (onfin lvl 93% n onfin intrvl t 8%). Th tul numr of houshol intrviws hiv ws 128 in Z tri Cmp, ompos of 736 prsons, n 151 in th host ommunitis, ompos of 1,015 prsons. Th litrtur rviw nlys th most rnt n rlvnt rports y humnitrin gnis ginst th full list of rsrh qustions to intify whih qustions h lry n nswr through xisting rsrh n thrfor shoul not uplit; trns n gps in xisting rsrh n mthoologis, n to furthr fin th qustions for this rsrh pross. Th spifis of th PDA Houshol Survy n FGDs r s follows: PDA Houshol Survy: Th qustions in th PDA survy wr s on informtion gps n priority issus rlt irtly to Oxfm s urrnt n plnn progrmming in Jorn. Qustions wr furthr just n wigh ginst pr-xisting informtion tht ws ompr through litrtur rviw on rnt humnitrin rports n sttistis. Som qustions wr lotion-spifi to ithr Z tri Cmp or host ommunitis u th ntur of th living onitions. Th survy qustions wr sign to inlu vrity of pprohs to try n ptur mor nun unrstning of th issus. Th survy qustion formts inlu th following: Bsi ys or no qustions Prtrmin multipl hoi qustions Vlu sttmnts with hois from strongly gr to strongly isgr Optionl txt, llowing itionl rsponss inst of prtrmin nswrs. Aitionlly, numrtors usully hl short isussion on priority onrns with h houshol ftr th ompltion of th survy. Nots wr tkn n ptur y th rsrh tm lr uring ily rifings. Rfug Prptions Stuy: Z tri Cmp n Host Communitis in Jorn 11

12 Rnom smpling unrpinn th mjority of th PDA survy, ut limit gr of purpos smpling ws introu whih spifilly trgt fml-h houshols or houshols with isl iniviuls. This im to nsur tht thir viws wr lso ptur in th stuy. Fous Group Disussions: Th spifi FGD qustions for Z tri Cmp n host ommunitis wr just s on PDA qustionnir t, tking into ount prliminry rsults. This llow Oxfm to fin-tun FGD qustions to ttr unrstn th rtionl hin th quntittiv informtion. Z tri Cmp FGDs: A totl of 12 FGD, with 109 prtiipnts, wr hl in Z tri Cmp. Four FGDs wr filitt in h of th thr istrits visit, n purposiv smpling ritri sprt groups y sx n g. Th g tgoris wr 14-17, 18-59, n ovr 60 yrs ol. Th sltion of iniviul prtiipnts orrsponing to th FGD group ritri ws s on rnom sltion y Oxfm stff n gr of snowll/onvnin smpling through ommunity lrs. Host Community FGDs: A totl of 12 FGDs, with 115 prtiipnts, wr hl in host ommunitis. 7 Prtiipnts in FGDs in host ommunitis wr rnomly slt from Oxfm s nfiiry ts, ut gr of gogrphi onvnin smpling ws us in Zrq onsiring trnsport for rfugs to th vnu woul limittion. 8 Trnsport rlt limittions lso prvnt FGDs from ing sprt into spifi g tgoris. Groups wr thrfor only sprt y sx n fil tms ttmpt to invit ivrs rng of gs from rnomly slt houshols in orr to nsur youth, ult n lrly iniviuls prtiipt. 2.2 Qulity Control In orr to nsur th stnristion of t ptur, to minimis th risk of introuing t is n prvnt privy onrns, th following stps wr ppli: Enumrtors riv th following trinings: 1. A on-y trining on using ltroni hnhl t ptur, inluing prti sssion. 2. A on-y trining on th quntittiv survy qustionnir to ssur th tms fully unrstoo qustions n how to proprly r-phrs qustions if rquir. 3. A on-y trining on filitting FGDs n proing rsponnts for nuns with followup qustions. Ky thniqus wr highlight n prti sssion ws onut. All FGDs wr ror ltronilly, with th onsnt of prtiipnts, to vrify ury of rifings. Rorings wr lt ftr th ompltion of th rport. Th rsrh tm lr rnomly slt FGDs to sit in on n vrify numrtors proprly onut th isussions. Dily rifings wr onut ftr h PDA survy to oumnt ny itionl qulittiv informtion ptur. Dily rifings wr onut ftr fil tms omplt FGDs. 2.3 Ethil Stnrs n Dt Mngmnt Sfgurs wr put in pl to nsur th sfty of numrtors n prtiipnts rmin t th ntr of th t ptur. Bfor ll intrviws, rsponnts wr inform of th ntur of th stuy n th voluntry sis of thir prtiiption, whih oul stopp t ny point 12 Rfug Prptions Stuy: Z tri Cmp n Host Communitis in Jorn

13 throughout th intrtion. It ws lso m lr tht no irt nfit or ssistn woul ssoit with prtiiption. Youth rsponnts (gs 14-17) wr sk to prtk in th survy in th prsn of thir prnts for onsnt. Dirt qustions on violn (omsti or xtrnl thrts) whr not pos. Only gnrl inquiris into impt of isplmnt on fmily rltions n gnrl sns of surity wr sk, n this vok som prtiipnts to sri thir xprins unr thir own volition n omfort lvls. Enumrtors wr rqust to inform th l rsrhr for rfrrl to spilis prtnrs if ny prtiipnt rqust hlp or us for onrn ws intifi. All t (nots n trnsripts) ws trt in non-ttriutl n nonymous mttr. No nms of prtiipnts or tils on prottion-rlt inints wr oumnt, nothing sis gnrl lotions n mogrphi groups wr rgistr,.g. womn from Zrq. Ror FGDs t ws only us s tmporry qulity ontrol n ws lt t th ompltion of th rport. 2.4 Limittions of th Stuy This rport provis omprhnsiv nlysis of rfug prptions for only th trgt thms ovr in th stuy n in th lotions in whih it ws onut. Th rsults o not sttistilly rprsnt th ovrll rfug popultion ross Jorn u to th stuy s gogrphi sop, howvr most of th issus ris throughout this rport r initiv of shr hllngs n priority gps fing rfugs in Jorn. A summry of th stuy s limittions: Rfug sttmnts or rolltions of xprins with srvi provirs oul not vrifi. Corroorting th informtion my hv givn ris to nw informtion, ut th primry fous of th stuy ws on th sujtiv prptions n unrstnings of rfug. Th ptur informtion is s primrily on houshol survy t n FGDs with youth, ults n lrly prsons from spifi lotions. It os not sttistilly rprsnt th viws of th ntir rfug popultion. Ky informnt intrviws wr fous on Oxfm stff n othr srvi provirs who r irtly working on rlvnt issus within th gogrphi r of intrst. Th informtion provi from ky informnts os not rprsnt th viws of ll srvi provirs nor os it ovr ll rs of ssistn. Th rlin on houshol survys s oppos to iniviul rfug intrviws mnt informtion ws gnrlly s on th opinions of hs of houshols, if vill, n possily t trimnt to iffring opinions from othr fmily mmrs. Du to prtil trnsport limittions on onuting spifi g group FGDs in th host ommunitis, groups ritri ws s solly on sx, n gs wr mix togthr. This my hv us rtin g-spifi issus to mrginlis or us som prtiipnts to lss vol. Rfug Prptions Stuy: Z tri Cmp n Host Communitis in Jorn 13

14 3 ZA ATARI CAMP FINDINGS Z tri Cmp opn in July 2012 n urrntly ommots pproximtly 80,000 to 100,000 rfugs y rnt stimts ross 12 istrits ovring mor thn 530 htrs. Fmilis rsi in oth tnts n prfrit rvns. Oxfm strt proviing wtr n snittion srvis in Jnury 2013 within Distrit 6, instlling wtr istriution ntwork n th onstrution of wsh loks n ltrins, in ition to supporting WSH ommitts n hygin promotion. In Novmr 2013 Oxfm xpn into Distrits 7 n 8 with trnsfr of WSH n soli wst mngmnt ommitts from ACTED. 3.1 Cmp - Ass to Srvis Vrious humnitrin gnis, govrnmnt ntitis n othr orgnistions r proviing si srvis within Z tri Cmp. Th thr istrits visit r hosting ommunl ltrins n kithns, riving wtr, snittion n hygin support t th lok lvl. Shools n hil frinly sps r provi t ntrlis lotions within h istrit. Outsi of th istrit ntrs, ut within th primtr of th Cmp, gnis hv stlish NFI n foo istriutions, mil srvis, youth/non-forml ution ntrs, n surity/poli offis. Othr srvis r provi on n iniviul sis whn th n riss, suh s support to isl prsons or prottion-rlt ssistn. Chrt 1. Survy rsponss to " Hv you f prolms or rrirs in ssing srvis?" No 46% Ys 54% Rsponnts in ml n fml FGDs rport ing l to us or nfit from th srvis prsntly vill in Distrits 6, 7 n 8 of Z tri Cmp. Howvr hllngs o xist s lmost 54% of ll rsponnts flt thy or thir fmily mmrs wr fing rrirs or prolms in ssing vill srvis (s Chrt 1). Amongst th survy rfugs who flt thr wr iffiultis in ssing srvis, istn to srvis ws slt y 74% of th rsponnts, lk of informtion on srvis y 25% (isuss in stion Ass to Informtion), pity-rlt gps y 17%, n oth isrimintion n sfty onrns wr slt y 13% (isuss in stion Sfty n Surity). Of th 44% who slt Othr, th mjority of rsponnts rfrr to rows n isorgnistion t istriution sits (s Chrt 2). Th hllngs isuss low ovr th most frquntly mntion stors: 14 Rfug Prptions Stuy: Z tri Cmp n Host Communitis in Jorn

15 Chrt 2. Survy rsponss to "Wht r th prolms or rrirs rlt to?" (% of HH who f rrirs slt low hois) Othr Distn to srvi Srvi not suitl with Lk of knowlg on Sfty/Surity onrns Provir hs limit pity Disrimintion Provir rqust mony Dni u to lk of Srvi rquir rgistrtion 44% 4% 25% 13% 17% 13% 0% 8% 4% 74% Mil Srvis: Prolms rlt to mil srvis wr rptly highlight ross ll FGDs. Th primry issus wr istn to mil offis, th inonsistnt qulity of srvis inluing stff hviour, n th limit pity of provirs to rss oth th numr of ptints n thir mil onitions. Distn ws highlight y oth sxs n ll g groups s n issu, prtiulrly in rltion to lrly or isl prsons or whn mrgny trtmnt is rquir, s rfugs stt muln srvis r lwys ly. Mny rfugs lso omplin of th isrsptful or pthti trtmnt y som stff t mil filitis. Anotl ounts sri otors s, proviing pin killrs for vrything, ut not tully xmining or trting th ptints. Th ovrwhlming hllng rwn out in FGDs ws th xssiv witing prios, with rfugs stting thy must rriv t ntrs t wn n wit until th vning to riv n ppointmnt, or vn rturn th following y. 9 Rfugs lso liv th mil filitis hv insuffiint pity to trt mil ns, spilly hroni onitions, hilirths n ntl support. 10 A surprising issu is tht som rfugs who hv not yt us mil filitis in th Cmp hoos to go irtly to privt linis u to rumours or son-hn ounts of th ov mntion issus, spit hving limit finnil rsours to trvl outsi th Cmp n py for mil srvis. Distriutions (NFI/Foo): Th hllngs rfugs it with rgrs to NFI n foo istriution ntrs r s follows: istn or witing prios, surity onrns ssoit with rows or hrssmnt, n lk of suffiint foo, n fml-spifi itms (.g. snitry ps) iprs for infnts n ults with isilitis or th lrly. Prtiipnts in FGDs n itionl informtion ptur uring PDA survys onsistntly sri istriutions s row, hoti n isorgnis n wr lso onrn y th ourrn of fights, thfts n in som ss poli intrvntions. 11 Fmilis gnrlly snt mls to ollt itms, ut oth ult womn n olsnt fmls wr oftn snt to istriutions if mn/oys wr not vill. 12 Mothrs lim thy oftn gv rtion rs to thir olsnt sons or ughtrs to pik up itms, whil thy rmin in thir rsins ring for infnts. 13 Othr womn highlight th gnrl iffiulty istriutions pos to ivor or prgnnt lis, s thy nithr oul sily lv thir rvns for long urtions n wit t istriutions. Rfugs mntion NFI istriution stff somtim trt thm poorly, ut rfugs lso stt thy unrstoo stff wr unr signifint strss uring ths tivitis. Som rfugs vn lim tht hilrn or olsnts ithr snt y ults to ollt goos or just loitring roun istriutions, oftn us prolms or provok NGO stff. Rfug Prptions Stuy: Z tri Cmp n Host Communitis in Jorn 15

16 Distriutions tking pl irtly in th Cmp istrits,.g. rvns, wr lso it s signifint issus. Rfugs si ths kins of istriutions oftn rli on strt lrs to intify nfiiris n thy wr not rlil n us thir position to fvour rtin fmilis. An intrviw fmily in th mp h vn mov to nothr istrit u to prolms ssoit with th strt lr. Whn sk if rfugs oul omplin to strt lrs, th fmily si on mn ws tn with stik ftr hllnging th strt lr, so nooy onfronts thir uthority nymor. Wtr n Snittion: Wtr n snittion srvis in Z tri Cmp r ompris of wtr n ltrin infrstrutur, mintnn n hygin of filitis, n wtr livry. Th min ss issus ris y rfugs wr surity n privy onrns whih r hightn y inrs istn to filitis, th qulity of infrstruturs, th hygin/lnlinss of filitis n wtr livry. Whil 74% of rsponnts gr or strongly gr with th sttmnt, I m stisfi with wtr n snittion srvis in my istrit, numrous issus wr ris n t from this stuy shows tht 20% of survy prtiipnts h lry onstrut privt ltrins n 16% privt showrs in thir rvns, spifi to FHH th rt of moifition for ltrins ropp slightly to 18% n 12% for showrs. Th mor omprhnsiv Knowlg, Attitus n Prti survy onut in Novmr 2013 init losr to 50% of ll fmilis in Distrits 6,7 n 8 hv onstrut privt ltrins/showrs. 14 Aitionlly th mjority of othr rfugs init thy too woul onstrut privt wtr/snittion filitis in thir rvns if finnil rsours wr vill. 15 Whn sk why thy h moifi thir rsins, 68% slt sfty onrns, 37% for privy, 36% for thir ignity n slf rspt, 29% to losr to thir rsin, 22% islik or fl unomfortl shring filitis, whil only 12% to improv snittion or wtr ss. Whn isggrgt for fml h houshols only, thy ovrwhlmingly hos sfty n for nsuring thir ignity n fling of slf-rspt (s Chrt 3). Surity-rlt onrns n prptions r isuss in furthr til in th following stion. Chrt 3. Survy rsponss to "Why i you moify your rsin?" (As % of rsponnts who h moifi rsin) 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% All Rsponnts FHH Only Th qulity of infrstruturs ws point of frustrtion for rfugs, s thy flt it irtly impt thir fling of sfty n privy, n inrs thir islik for shring ommunl filitis. Th iffrn in th qulity of fully onstrut onrt units in Distrit 6 n prfrit struturs in Distrits 7 n 8 ws signifint. Oxfm onstrut onrt units with rfug onsulttion, thus thy llow light to ntr through trnsprnt roof pnls n r 16 Rfug Prptions Stuy: Z tri Cmp n Host Communitis in Jorn

17 sily mintin. Prf units in ontrst r not sily moifi nor rpir, iffiult to ln, n wtr pips n tuing for ltrins/showrs ws oftn mnt irtly into onrt ss without onntion to wtr sours - rnring thm uslss - n foring rfugs to rry wtr from outsi sours. Thft n vnlism is lso vry prvlnt in prfs s piping n fixturs r ll xpos n insuffiintly sur to pnls. Oxfm s WSH ommitt mmrs it losing motivtion u to poor qulity. 16 Unrstnly, thy i not onsir th lning of non-funtioning filitis s worthwhil xris. Th ontinuous thft of tps, pips, ltrin/showr oors n loks in prfrit units furthr ompoun th sitution. On mmr sri his rsponsiilitis in th ommitt s lmost pointlss, whil nothr who h givn up on trying to issu rfugs from stling mtril si, my wors r lik th win, nooy listns us thy stl to onstrut thir privt ltrins. Th thft of mtril from onstrut n prfrit units oms s signifint trimnt to womn s ss. Womn n girls sri fling shm n sr hving to us filitis without stll oors or funtioning loks. Thy flt vulnrl whn ollting wtr outsi showr loks n rrying thm into filitis, s mn woul know tht thy woul showring. As prutionry msur fmls ttmpt to us showr/ltrin units in groups n not go t night, whil othrs woul push for thir fmilis to onstrut privt throoms - inrsing th thft of mtrils. Wtr livry y ACTED n its implmnting prtnr ws lso ris y rfugs n WSH ommitt mmrs s prolmti. Thy lim tht truks oftn rriv lt n miss livris. Som liv unsnitry truks ontmint wtr, ut th most rpt onrn ws th routin ovrflowing of wtr tnks tht lft stgnnt wtr n mu roun ltrin/showr units. On NGO workr who rgulrly osrvs th ovr-filling of wtr tnks stimt tht it wsts 20-25% of wtr. 17 Communl Kithns: FGDs provi limit informtion on th us of ommunl kithns n survy rsults init tht pproximtly 24% of prtiipnts liv sfty onrns prvnt thm from using th filitis (s Chrt 4). Th points tht wr ris inlu insuffiint gs (ithr not provi y humnitrins or gs nistrs wr stoln.) n lk of lighting insi n roun th kithns. A systmti issu tht sms to xplin in prt why som fmilis prfr to onstrut ooking rs in or jnt to thir rsins is tht th ommunl kithns r lok from vning hours until th morning sunris. As rfugs r for to ook innrs t thir homs uring th vning, thos with th mns to uy thir own gs or ooking ful (.g. woo), vntully isontinu using th ommunl kithns ltogthr n ook ll mls in thir homs. Eution: Eution is provi in ll thr istrits visit for th stuy. Shools hv lssroom units n hil-frinly sps for outoor rrtion tivitis. Rfug intrviws suggst th xistn of fw rrirs n 15% of survy rsponnts lim sfty onrns impt ss to shools n hil frinly sps. Unrstning why hilrn o not ttn shool is s on multipl n somtims ovrlpping rsons. Conrns rgring surity r rlt to istn to/from shool s oys n girls lim ullying or hrssmnt from othr hilrn or olsnt mls. Cultur long with mploymnt opportunitis ovrlp to kp hilrn out of shools; mny fmilis stt tht k in Syri thy i not sn thir kis to shool, n this is rinfor in Z tri Cmp whr hilrn r oftn sour of inom for fmilis through informl mploymnt. 18 Som prnts si thy no longr sn hilrn to shool us thr r insuffiint shoolooks n mtrils r not provi to stunts. Fml youth FGD prtiipnts lso lim tht thrs rt stunts n orporl punishmnt ours, spit omplints irt t oth thrs n shool irtors. Whn sk if isussions with shool irtors wr fftiv, thy si this oftn m th sitution wors s instrutors woul fin out n gt ngry with thm. Rfug Prptions Stuy: Z tri Cmp n Host Communitis in Jorn 17

18 3.2 Cmp - Sfty n Surity Almost 80% of survy rsponnts si thy flt sf in th mp, isggrgt for FHH this ropp to 70% (s Chrt 4). Fml FGDs suggst insurity is mostly link to ltrin/showr loks n ommunl kithns. Clos to 35% of FHH isgr with th sttmnt, I fl sf visiting my ltrin/showr lok, n 35% isgr with th sttmnt, I fl sf visiting my istrit ommunl kithn. 19 Chrt 4. Survy rspons to "Do you fl sf in your ommunity?" 80% 71% All FHH 20% 29% Ys No Womn s frs wr s on th lk of lighting, mn or olsnt mls hnging out nr throoms, poor hygin of filitis, n fr s on rumours. 20 Link to this fr r ulturl hits tht issu womn from using ommunl filitis, mostly thir n for privy. Fml FGD prtiipnts mntion only on spifi ttmpt of physil violn, ut th sm group lso stt tht violtions ginst womn r rrly isuss, vn mongst fmily mmrs us of th stigmtistion n shm. Intrstingly, fr n insurity wr oftn sri ross numrous womn s FGDs s oming from gnrl sns of prnoi or onstnt fling tht somon is wthing thm whn thy r in xpos situtions, i.. using throoms or unrssing in rvns. This fling ws losly ssoit with lk of ignity; th two phrss wr oftn togthr or us intrhngly in FGDs. 21 Chrt 5. Survy rsponss to" Sfty onrns impt my fmily from ssing th following:" (% of 128 rsponnts slt low hois) FHH ALL Non Poli Sttion Mrkts Chil-Frinly Sps Shools Mil Srvis Communl Kithns Ltrin n Showr Bloks Wtr Points Foo n NFI Distriutions 0% 2% 0% 9% 24% 16% 18% 11% 18% 15% 18% 24% 6% 5% 24% 21% 41% 33% 47% 44% 18 Rfug Prptions Stuy: Z tri Cmp n Host Communitis in Jorn

19 Womn us vrity of oping strtgis to fl mor sur or omfortl rgrlss of th vrious intrprttions of insurity. Survy rsults show tht 65% of FHH limit thir us of ltrin/showr loks or only go out uring th y, whil 47% limit thir ovrll movmnt outsi thir rvn/tnt n 41% will only mov within los proximity to thir rsin (s Chrt 6). This oul xplin why rfugs r onstruting privt ltrins n showrs. Chrt 6. Survy rsponss to "Wht o you o to mk yourslf or fmily fl sf?" (% of FHH rsponnts slt low hois ) Limit visits to kithn Limit visits to ltrin/showr Only go out uring th y Only go out with fmily/ln Only sty los to my rsin Limit movmnts outsi 35% 65% 65% 18% 41% 47% Whn sk if surity h hng ovr th pst two months, 72% flt thr ws no hng, 20% flt inrs surity n 8% flt mor insur. Hightn surity ws rlt to rnt Jornin poli foot ptrols, fmilis moving into rvns, n frining nighours. Insurity orrlt with th spr of rumours, fr of wil nimls in th mp t night n inints of thft. Rltionships with th Poli 22 : Rfugs xprss mix flings on th prsn of Jornin poli in th mp. Th mjority of prsons woul sk hlp from fmily mmrs or othr Syrin rfugs (non-strt lrs) if onfront with surity onrn, whil only 19% of totl survy rsponnts, n 24% of FHH, woul sk hlp from th poli (s Chrt 7). Chrt 7. Survy rsopnss to "Who o you ontt for hlp whn you f surity/ sfty prolm? (% of 128 rsponnts slt low hois) Othr (8) Jornin lwyr (4) Syrin lwyr (3) NGO stff (4) Rligious lr (3) Poli (24) Strt Lr (28) Othr Syrin rfugs (49) Fmily mmrs (50) No on / o nothing (16) 3% 2% 3% 2% 6% 14% 19% 22% 38% 39% Explntions from FGDs vri. Elrly mls tn to pprit th prsn of Community Poli foot ptrols n wr vry hppy with nw rfug group inititiv ll Frins of Poli. Ault (gs 18-59) mls on th othr hn init tht fmily lns rsolv sfty issus thmslvs. Aolsnt oys wnt on to xplin tht thir fthrs try to voi poli s muh s possil us thy r still trumtis y xprins with Syrin poli n fr tht thy will thrtn with porttion y Jorn poli if ught working or thy hv onfronttions with Jornin itizns. Rfug Prptions Stuy: Z tri Cmp n Host Communitis in Jorn 19

20 Fml opinions lso vri. Prtiipnts in on youth fml FGD gr tht poli wr pprit s thy hlp mit onflits, whil nothr group llg tht thy wr hrss y poli t istriution points. Ault womn si thy h lost trust in Jornin poli whn tr gs n physil intrvntions wr us uring istriution; it h rmin thm of thir trum in Syri n th hviour of rgim poli. 3.3 Cmp - Ass to Informtion on Srvis n Rfug Prtiiption Pltforms Th ontxt for informtion issmintion n ommunity nggmnt in Distrits 6, 7 n 8 is mrk y n ssortmnt of gnis using thir own pprohs to rh th rfug popultion. Chnnls of informtion rng from flyrs, wor-of-mouth, houshol visits, rnom nountrs, n louspkr nnounmnts to nm fw. Informtion is ssntil in orr for rfugs to know thir rights n unrstn wht srvis r vill in th Cmp, yt mny fl thy still n informtion on ky stors n o not hv ss to rlil, onsistnt sours of informtion. Informtion gps n wk issmintion mhnisms llow rumours to sily spr mongst th popultion. Inititivs to improv strtgis n oorintion twn prtnrs r unr wy. It is gp tht most prtnrs sm to knowlg, yt without mthing prioritistion of rsours n finns. Rnt vlopmnts inlu: th Community Moilistion Working Group, l y IRD, is forum whr prtnrs r rinstorming wys to improv ror prtiiption of rfugs, inluing WSH Committs. JEN/UNHCR is trying to gin th pulition of rfug mgzin for th ntir mp. UNHCR Prottion n Mss Communitions hv spokn of vloping Z tri Cmp orinttion pkg n informtion vio for nw rrivls ut nithr tivity hs om to fruition s of th writing of this rport. 23 Intrviw fil stff suggst tht most fforts y UNHCR Mss Communitions tm hv onntrt on xtrnl mi or visiility, n hv yt to fous on nfiiry ommunitions. Thus rnt UNHCR / REACH rfug ommunitions survy is wlom tivity. Th survy will shr with prtnrs to improv nfiiry outrh n wrnss mtril. Thr r onrns howvr th GoJ/surity fors my ly th survy. Anothr promising tivity is th rtion of GoJ/UNHCR ommunity istrit ntrs tht will support propos mp govrnn mtings n ntrlis istrit-lvl informtion. Unfortuntly th projt hs riv littl trtion spit onsirl plnning; on gin lys my link to GoJ/surity for ision-mking. Spifi to Oxfm, fil oprtions o not hv it strutur for informtion issmintion n ommunity fk us th tm s fforts fous on supporting WSH Committs n soli wst mngmnt. Nvrthlss, snior stff hv l informtion issmintion n fk inititivs thmslvs y invsting tim within istrits, vloping rpports n trust with rfugs tht unrpin informtion flows. This ws spilly th s whn Oxfm ws only oprting in Distrit 6, ut with th xpnsion of Oxfm into Distrits 7 n 8, th pity for xprin stff to irtly ngg nfiiris hs n rmtilly ut n th orgnistion is losing th riility n trust it on h. 20 Rfug Prptions Stuy: Z tri Cmp n Host Communitis in Jorn

21 Chrt 8. Survy rsponss to "Wht r th most importnt srvis you n informtion on?" (% of 128 rsponnts slt low hois) Othr (15) Lgl Rights n Avi (22) Employmnt (73) Surity / Sfty (57) Eution (28) Srvis for Disl (18) Mil Srvis (96) Shltr (14) Wtr n Snittion (67) Foo (76) 12% 17% 22% 14% 11% 57% 45% 75% 52% 59% Priority Informtion Ns Chrt 8 shows th srvis tht rfugs flt thy n informtion on. Th most importnt stors wr: mil srvis t 75%, foo istriution t 59%, losly follow y mploymnt rlt informtion t 57%, wtr n snittion t 52%. Spifi ns wr s primrily in rltion to th rrirs n prolms isuss in stion 4.1 Cmp - Ass to Srvis. Blow r som highlights from FGDs on ky informtion gps: Gnrl Knowlg: Th ovrll mssg from FGDs is tht rfugs n ttr unrstning n ovrviw of srvis in th mp. This inlu th si 4ws: who, wht, whr n whn, itionlly wht to xpt from provirs in trms of qulity n how to provi fk. Distriutions: Womn xprss sir to ttr unrstn whn n wht typs of itms r istriut, n how to ngg humnitrins us thy flt foo istriutions wr not suffiint n not lwys pproprit. Young womn n olr girls wnt to know how to rpl lost or stoln vouhr rs. Mn wr onrn with unrstning how rvn istriutions wr ing rri out us thy flt thy wr unfirly llot. Youth oys suggst thir prnts rquir improv snsitistion on using limit NFI mtrils, us thy r not ffiint or o not rtion proprly, n thy ontinu with onsumption lvls from Syri. Employmnt Rlt: Whil rfugs in FGDs knw thy wr not llow to work without prmits, numrous si thy wnt to unrstn why thy wr prohiit n how to hv ss to prmits or livlihoo ltrntivs. Furthr, rumours out work prmits oftn l prtiipnts to think th only rquirmnt for prmit ws suffiint sh to py for th fs. Lgl Rlt: As mny mn wr working unr thrt of porttion, thr ws sir to know wht kin of lgl prottion thy h ginst rfoulmnt. Mny rsponnts lso rqust informtion on otining hilirth n mrrig rtifits. Mil: In ition to sking how thy oul mk suggstions or forml omplints out mil srvis, oth mn n womn rqust informtion on spilist srvis tht trt hroni onitions or for prours not provi in th Cmp. Elrly ml rsponnts spifi th gp in unrstning thir mil rights n how to nsur thy r rspt. Fmls sir informtion on mitions n why som r not vill. Rfug Prptions Stuy: Z tri Cmp n Host Communitis in Jorn 21

22 3.3.2 Dlivry of Informtion Th wy informtion is livr provok numrous isussions in FGDs. Most group prtiipnts it th gnrl lk of informtion, trn tht strt upon rrivl whr thy only riv informtion on vintions y IOM n wr tol whr thy woul rsi y UNHCR. No initil informtion or orinttion pkg on mp lif, srvis or listing of orgnistions ws provi. Prtiipnts si thy ntr into thir istrits with littl knowlg n vntully riv informtion from nighours or strt lrs. All FGDs init tht informtion flows in th Cmp r ovrly fous on strt lrs n orinry rfugs r rlint on gtting tim-snsitiv informtion y wor-of-mouth, whih is not rlil. 24 Mny rfugs fl thr is isproportiont us of strt lrs y provirs to issmint vitl informtion. Survy rsults init tht only 44% of survy HH thought strt lrs r trust sour n this ropp to 34% for FHH (s Chrt 9). Furthrmor, youth n ult womn init tht rlin on ml strt lrs to riv or - just s importntly - trnsmit fml-spifi onrns ws rstritiv. Ml youth si tht NGO/UN stff turn own rqusts to spk, tlling thm sying, onrns shoul voi through your strt lrs. Elrly mn in FGDs wnt so fr s to stt tht, olr rfugs o not onvy th onrns of youth, n mls o not onvy th onrns of womn. Chrt 9. Survy rsponss to " Who r your trust sour of informtion?" (% of128 rsponnts slt low hois) 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% All Rsponnts FHH Only Culturl prtis n soil rols wr intifi s rrirs for womn in ssing informtion. In ition to limiting thir prsn outsi rvns, womn stt tht it is not ptl for thm to pro-tivly pproh unknown ml stff n mny si it ws ommon prti vn k in Syri to not ngg strngrs. Womn suggst tht ovroming this woul rquir fil stff to formlly prsnt thmslvs to fmilis, init who thy r n wr visil humnitrin logos or vsts. Whn sk to intify how rfugs woul prfr to riv informtion, wor-of-mouth ropp from its urrnt lvl of 60% to only 21% (s Chrt 10). Rfugs thought NGOs shoul ivrsify thir ommunitions pproh n rt rng of tools to livr informtion in mor nutrl n glitrin mnnr. For xmpl, lrly ml n youth fml FGD rsponnts prfrr to gt informtion ithr t th mosqu, whih thy visit ily, or through th mosqu spkr. Most groups pprit orgnistions tht provi flyrs or snt SMS txts whih oul r-r to n shr with othrs; this ws lso ris xpliitly for f iniviuls. 25 Illitrt rfugs unrsor th n for orgnistions to invst in wll-trin ommunity liisons or stff tht wr it to proviing informtion n nswring qustions. In rltion to ontinuity, rfugs rqust th stlishmnt of 22 Rfug Prptions Stuy: Z tri Cmp n Host Communitis in Jorn