Advances in the Application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Carmelle J. Terborgh, Ph.D. ESRI Federal/Global Affairs

Transcription

1 Advances in the Application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Carmelle J. Terborgh, Ph.D. ESRI Federal/Global Affairs

2 Highlights GIS in our World Advancements in GIS Visualization and Analysis Geographic Science A GIS Platform for tomorrow Web GIS Desktop GIS Mobile GIS Advances in Spatial Statistics

3 Urban Planning & Management Land Use Suitability Montana Urban Planning California Urban Design San Jose, California 3D Zoning Portland, Oregon Urban Redevelopment Bakersfield, California Web Based Suitability North Carolina Virtual City Bangkok Online Community Planning U.K. Regional Planning Puerto Rico Arizona 3

4 Public Safety & Law Enforcement E911 / CAD Bahrain Crime Analysis Texas Crime Prediction Arizona Fire Response California NEPA Response Time Model Texas Analysis of Violence Russia Crime Hot Spot Analysis Nebraska 4

5 Business Geographics Demographic Segmentation Texas Commodity Flows Netherlands Customer Allocation Wisconsin Hospital / Patient Analysis Arizona Real Estate Pennsylvania Insurance Global Bank Site Selection China Postal Management Saudi Arabia 5

6 Social Issues & Human Health Opium Cultivation Afghanistan Humanitarian Aid Darfur Lead Hazards Buffalo, New York Children Out Of School Ethiopia Housing Foreclosures Florida Community Vulnerability NOAA Teenage Births King County, Washington 6

7 Statistics & Census Interactive Web Mapping Statistics Bureau - Japan Area Selection Cadastral Map Using PDAs and Creating Districts Department of Statistics, Royal Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Graph Settings Graph and Map Map Distribution INEC Costa Rica Data Distribution US Census Bureau

8 GIS for Statistical Organizations Environmental Statistics Agricultural Statistics Census Health Statistics

9 We Live in a Rapidly Changing World Increasingly Driven by Population Growth & Human Action Impacting the Natural World Climate Biodiversity Natural Resources Impacting our Future Energy Economy Security Challenges Sustainability for All of Us

10 GIS is changing everything How We Reason About the World... Spatially Integrated Thinking How We Abstract Our World... How We Organize & Communicate... GIS Digital Geographic Knowledge Shared Geographic Knowledge

11 GIS is also changing how we work Systematic Holistic Analytic Quantitative Visual Analyzing Visualizing Designing & Planning Geo-Accounting Decision Making Measuring Acting A Science-based Approach

12 GIS creates more Sustainable Action Raising Awareness, Saving Resources, Improving Efficiency & Making Better Decisions 12

13 Visualization & Analysis Authoring, Analyzing & Viewing 3D Data 2D and 3D KML Analysis 3D Geometry Visualization Lidar Viewshed Terrain

14 Improving Geographic Science Providing Answers to Difficult Questions Scatter Plot Graphics Gaussian Geostatistical Simulations Improved Proximity Analysis Analysis & Modeling Vehicle Routing with Time Windows Contouring with Barriers Geographically Weighted Regression... Improves Scripting, Performance & Quality

15 Today GIS Implementations Follow 3 Common Patterns Desktop Server Federated Web-Based Integration Professional Ad Hoc Projects Analysis/Modeling Mapping Workgroups Shared Database Fixed Applications Transactions Organizations Shared Services Integration Collaboration

16 The vision GIS Users Mobile Users Web Users GIS Servers Web 2.0 Authors

17 Desktop GIS Leverages the Web Google KML Publishes Maps Reads Online Services ArcMap PDF ArcGIS Online ESRI Data Many Partners

18 Web GIS is Moving Us into a New Era GIS Organizations Publishing Services S1 Serving Both Existing & New User Communities S1 S2 Mashups S2 + S3 Sn S3 S1 Example of Services: Data Dissemination Mashups Address lookup Line of sight Data fusion Report generation External Services Accessible GIS Integrating Authoritative GIS Data & Analysis

19 Server GIS Patterns Distributed (SDI) Departments Mobile Replication Mapping Enterprise Integration Enterprise Web GIS Applications Fusion Center IT System Mashups

20 Sharing Resources Supporting the Consumer Decision-Maker Pro sumer... Enhancing Collaboration

21 Sharing Your Work Encapsulates Your Data and Cartography Easily Created Multiple Dissemination Methods Directly Usable CD Shared Files ArcGIS Online ArcGIS Desktop... Packages Data and Symbology

22 GIS as a Fusion Center Supporting a Common Operating Picture Emergency Management Community Awareness Economic Development Planning Utility Operations Replication/Integration Situational Awareness Web Mobile Explorer GIS Infrastructure... Providing Integrated Situational Awareness

23 Demonstrations 23

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25 Mobile GIS Multiple Solutions for Working in the Field ArcPad Mapping Editing Query GPS ArcGIS Desktop & Engine General Purpose Synchronized with Geodatabase Full Feature ArcGIS Mobile Desktop Mobile ArcPad Server Based... Connecting & Integrating the Mobile Work Force

26 GIS: Applies the Geographic Approach Providing Tools, Methods, and Workflows that Support Collaboration and Action Storing Integration Work Flow Many Data Sources Analyzing Better Decisions Greater Efficiency (Money/Time/Resources) More Effective Communication Acting Visualizing... Improving the Way We Do Things

27 Spatial Statistics Describe and model spatial distributions, spatial patterns, spatial processes, and spatial relationships Incorporate space (area, length, proximity, orientation, and/or spatial relationships) directly into their mathematics Data Exploration Patterns Relationships Trends

28 Spatial Statistics Toolbox 1. Analyzing Patterns 2. Mapping Clusters 3. Measuring Geographic Distributions 4. Modeling Spatial Relationships 5. Rendering 6. Utilities 29

29 Measuring Geographic Distribution Analyzing Patterns Mapping Clusters Modeling Spatial Relationships Central Feature Mean Center Questions Which site is most accessible? Is there a directional trend to the spatial distribution of the disease? What is the primary wind direction for this region in the winter? Where is the population center? Which species has the broadest territory?

30 Measuring Geographic Distribution Analyzing Patterns Mapping Clusters Modeling Spatial Relationships Which plant species is most concentrated? Does the spatial pattern of the disease mirror the spatial pattern of the population at risk? Is there an unexpected spike in pharmaceutical purchases? Are new AIDs cases remaining geographically fixed? 31

31 Measuring Geographic Distribution Analyzing Patterns Mapping Clusters Modeling Spatial Relationships High Poverty High Poverty Surrounded by Low poverty Low Poverty Low poverty Surrounded by High Poverty Where are their sharp boundaries between affluence and poverty in Ecuador? Where do we find anomalous spending patterns in Kiev? Where are the emergency call hot spots? Where do we see unexpectedly high rates of diabetes?

32 Measuring Geographic Distribution Analyzing Patterns Mapping Clusters Modeling Spatial Relationships Can I model spatial relationships based on a real road network? Are spatial weights matrix files editable, sharable, re-usable? Can I create a custom spatial weights matrix file? Construct spatial weights matrix files What is the relationship between educational attainment and income? Is there a relationship between income and public transportation usage? Is that relationship consistent across the study area? Ordinary Least Squares Geographically Weighted Regression

33 Regression analysis in Desktop GIS Ordinary Least Squares Regression Geographically Weighted Regression 100 Population Feature Class Income Feature Class Output Feature Class Observed Values Predicted Values Intercept Coefficient Coefficient + Surface + Surface = Crime 34

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35 911 Calls Population GWR Residual Map Low Education Distance to Urban Center Jobs

36 Scatterplot Matrix Graphs Interactive selection Maps Graphs Tables 37

37 Geostatistical Analysis Explore data variability, look for data outliers, examine global trends, and investigate spatial autocorrelation and the correlation between multiple data sets. Create prediction, prediction standard errors, the probability that specified threshold was exceeded, and quantile maps using various geostatistical models and tools.

38 Suggested resource ESRI Press Book: The ESRI Guide to GIS Analysis: Spatial Measurement and Statistics, Volume 2 by Andy Mitchell 40

39 Recommendations for Census uses of GIS Consider appropriate GIS technology for each phase of the Census Desktop GIS Data collection and preparation Automated raster-to-vector conversion Imagery integration Development of enumeration areas Allocation of assignments Data and Statistical Analysis Strong cartographic tools Data Dissemination with free data viewers Mobile GIS Integrates with GPS Field data collection Geographic location verification Navigation Server GIS Data dissemination Web map publishing GIS Services (geocoding, gazetteer, etc.) GeoVisualization tools

40 GIS: Improving how we are... Improving How We Organize & Create Our Future

41 Thank You!