REQUEST RISK ASSESSMENT CONCERNING THE WELFARE OF CERTAIN FREE- RANGING WILD MAMMALS AND BIRDS SUBJECTED TO MARKING

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1 Ugradert - The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen 0403 Oslo Deres ref: Vår ref: 2010/29648 Dato: Org.nr: REQUEST RISK ASSESSMENT CONCERNING THE WELFARE OF CERTAIN FREE- RANGING WILD MAMMALS AND BIRDS SUBJECTED TO MARKING In recent years, the marking of free-ranging wild animals for research and management purposes has increased in Norway. Along with the development of highly sophisticated capture techniques, new and equally sophisticated marking methods have been developed. Wild animals may be fitted with instruments ranging from simple tags to telemetric cameras, GPS packages and transceivers to provide position and other basic information to scientists and others that may need this information. Animal welfare concerns associated with these activities not only relate to the marking methods, but also to the required capture and handling procedures prior to, during, and after marking. Also, there are animal welfare concerns related to re-marking and repeated operations, both on the level of the individual animal and at population level. Possible short and long-term effects on animal welfare must be evaluated from these operations combined. New regulation on marking of free-ranging wild animals Upon request from the Norwegian Ministry of Agriculture and Food, the Norwegian Food Safety Authority is planning a new regulation pertaining to the marking of free-ranging wild animals. The new regulation shall ensure good welfare for wild animals subjected to marking in compliance with the rules laid down in the new Animal Welfare Act. Only proper marking methods that do not cause any behavioural limitations or unnecessary suffering to the animal should be used. According to the legislative background of the Act, Proposition to the Odelsting No.15 ( ), marking means a change in the appearance of the animal or fixing objects to the animal to make it easier to identify it, the animal s owner, or to provide its position. The rules on marking should be seen in connection with those regarding medical and surgical treatment and the use of animals in research and education. The new regulation may include a command for or prohibition of marking as well as general conditions and procedures for the use of certain marking methods. Request The Norwegian Food Safety Authority strives to base new legislation upon scientifically based knowledge. We hereby request the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety to assess the risk of impairing the welfare in wildlife subjected to marking for research, conservation, or management purposes. We are aware that there is a general lack of research on welfare implications of field studies. However, the need for more research should be stated where relevant. Mattilsynet Seksjon dyrevelferd og fiskehelse Saksbehandler: Kathrine A. Ryeng Tlf: Besøksadresse: Ullevålsveien 76 E-post: postmottak@mattilsynet.no (Husk mottakers navn) Postadresse: Postboks 383 Felles postmottak, Postboks Brumunddal Telefaks:

2 Description of the assignment The assessment should include 1. General risk assessment marking methods An assessment of the general welfare problems related to the most commonly used marking methods in terrestrial and marine mammals, and birds. Information should be given for any relevant method although documentation as far as animal welfare is concerned, is scarce. These methods may include a. devices placed externally as simple tags attached to neck, leg, flipper, or wing, and/or telemetric equipment/other equipment attached as: i. ear tags, tail tags, or collars (expandable, breakaway), or other (for terrestrial mammals and polar bear), ii. glue-on models (back or head mount), models attached using a hole into the flippers, or other (for marine mammals), iii. necklace, backpack, leg or neck band models, or other (for birds), or b. devices placed internally as: i. subcutaneous implants ii. peritoneal-, rumen- or vaginal implants, or other. 2. Species specific cumulative risk assessment An assessment of the cumulative risk of impaired welfare of each of the species listed below when subjected to marking with methods as evaluated above, and the most commonly used capture and handling techniques. The assessment may be made jointly for closely related or comparable species subjected to the same capture, handling, and marking procedures. Any significant risk of impaired welfare in the individual animal should be assessed, both in a short and long-term perspective, including risks related to recapture and re-marking. Special attention should be given to the risk factors listed below. Factors such as animal age, weight, gender, body condition, reproductive status and performance, and time of the year should be taken into consideration. The assessment should focus on the following free-ranging wildlife species, which have been subjected to marking: Terrestrial mammals Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) Grey Wolf (Canis lupus) Wolverine (Gulo gulo) Lynx (Lynx lynx) Arctic Fox (Vulpes lagopus) European Otter (Lutra lutra) European Beaver (Castor fiber) Moose (Alces alces) Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) Svalbard Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) Fallow Deer (Dama dama) Musk ox (Ovibos moschatus) Marine mammals Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Pinniped species belonging to the Phocidae (earless seal), Odobenidae (walrus), and Otariidae (eared seal) families Cetacean species belonging to both the Odontoceti (toothed whale) and Mysticeti (baleen whale) suborders Side 2 av 5

3 Birds Bird species belonging to the following orders: Falconiformes (falcons) Accipitriformes (eagles, hawks, and buzzards) Strigiformes (owls) Anseriformes (geese, swans and sea-ducks) Charadriiformes (waders, gulls and auks), and Sphenisciformes (penguins) The commission should be limited to pinniped-, cetacean-, and bird species belonging to the Norwegian fauna, and those under Norwegian jurisdiction on Svalbard, Jan Mayen and the dependencies. Risk factors A. Marking methods and procedures Special attention should be given to the following risk factors related to the marking methods and procedures: the procedure/surgical technique used to attach or implant the marking device, including post-operative complications and pain management the marking device, i.e.: the weight, shape and suitability in relation to the animal carrying it the pain or discomfort it causes whether it: restricts the animal s ability to breathe naturally, to move naturally in its natural environment/element, to search for food, or to rest naturally causes lesions or disease alters the animal s behaviour causes changes in social structure, such as rejection from the group makes the animal more prone to injuries, accidents or predation causes mortality works, in general the duration of the marking period re-marking the same animal follow-up procedures and duration possible impacts from post-release tracking activities B. Capture and handling procedures Special attention should be given to the following risk factors related to the capture and handling procedures: the tracking method and duration, including risks related to the animals experience from earlier capture episodes the chasing and capture methods (physical or chemical capture), and duration of both. Special attention should be given to the animals susceptibility to adverse physiological changes or fatal consequences from excessive running, struggling and exertion in case of physical capture: the restraint and handling procedures in case of chemical capture and restraint: impact from the dart, possible harmful effects from the immobilizing drugs used, the importance of both monitoring the anesthetised animal and possibility of emergency treatment after release changes in the animals mobility, behaviour and social structure injuries, accidents, abortion, disease (e.g. capture myopathy), and mortality or predation follow-up procedures and duration recapture of the same animal Side 3 av 5

4 The Three R s in wildlife research, conservation, and management For the purpose of reducing the risk of impaired welfare in future wildlife research, conservation and management, suggest possible replacement strategies by which the required information may be obtained by other means than marking live wild animals reduction strategies in order to use the fewest animals possible to provide valid information and statistical significance refinement strategies to use the most humane, least invasive marking techniques with the goal of minimizing pain and/or distress. We request that a report be submitted to the Norwegian Food Safety Authority by 15 December 2011 at the latest. Yours Sincerely Torunn Knævelsrud Head of Section Side 4 av 5

5 Annex Legislative framework Act of 16 June 2009 No. 97 Relating to Animal Welfare (Animal Welfare Act) (Dyrevelferdsloven) o Regulation on Animal Experimentation (Forskrift om forsøk med dyr), under revision Act of 15 June 2001 No. 75 Relating to Veterinarians and Other Animal Health Personnel (Dyrehelsepersonelloven) o Regulation on the use of medicines on animals (Forskrift om bruk av legemidler til dyr) Act of 4 December 1992 No.132 Relating to Medicines etc. (Lov om legemidler mv) o Regulation on Medicines (Forskrift om legemidler) o Regulation on Requisition and Deliver of Medicines from Pharmacies (Forskrift om rekvirering og utlevering av legemidler fra apotek) o Regulation on Narcotics (Forskrift om narkotika mv) Act of 29 May 1981 No. 38 Relating to Wildlife and Wildlife Habitats (The Wildlife Act) (Viltoven) o Regulation on Capture and Collecting Wildlife for Scientific or other Special Purposes (Forskrift om innfanging og innsamling av vilt for vitenskapelige eller andre særlige formål) Side 5 av 5

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