David Skeans Universal Electric USA

Transcription

1 Evolving Migration of Power Distribution From Under floor to Overhead David Skeans Universal Electric USA

2 Introduction Hello, Good (state time of day), My Name is (state name) Having achieved the degrees of PhDPPT ; I am now considered an expert in PowerPoint presentations soplease rest assured that I will not be making the following amateurish mistakes: Using words I cannot properly pronounce Putting everything word I intend to say on the slide which eliminates the need to memorize but makes the presentation crowded, wordy and boring and generally causes the speaker to lose the audience before completion of the first slide Keeping my back to the audience Falling to us spiel chuck Having my zipper down Excessive Use of Bull Et Points And of course attempts at humor that are obviously not amusing

3 Critical Power Distribution at the rack level l This discussion addresses only the distribution system from the PDU to the racks. This part of the power delivery system has not historically been a strategic focus by most major suppliers although it is critical.

4 Busway Types Common Name Basic Function Design Type Benefits Typical Application Bus Bar Power Air insulated, flat High current & Substation Transmission conductor momentary Bus Tube Power Air insulated High current & Substation Transmission tubular conductor momentary, high mech strength Sandwich Bus Bar Power Transmission Multiple, individually High current & momentary, Building risers & service entrance insulated compact conductor Busway (bus bar Power Distribution Insulated flat Compact, multiple Manufacturing, trunking) conductor in Al or steel housing fixed access points industrial, commercial Bus Track (Busway) Power Distribution Insulated profiled conductor in Al housing Compact, lightweight, continuous access distribution points Data Center, Laboratories

5 Data Center Power Delivery system Caterpillar Dt Detroit Diesel Cummins Cutler Hammer Siemens GE Square D IEM Russelectric Onan Asco Page 5 Gen. Controls Gen. Controls Russelectric Onan Asco Exide GNB C&D/Johnson Power Hawker Main Switchboard ATS ATS Battery Battery Liebert Powerware MGE HiTec Piller UPS System UPS System Cutler Hammer Siemens GE ELECTRICAL ROOM Square D IEM Cutler Hammer Siemens GE IEM Power Transmission 12/16/2010 2:16:29 PM ibution Board Distri on Board Distributio Board Distribution ution Board Distribu ribution Board Dist stribution Board Dis STS STS STS STS STS STS STS STS STS STS STS PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU RAISED FLOOR (APPRX. 75% OF TOTAL FOOTPRINT) Power Distribution

6 New Challenges Force Change Increasingpower densities (typically 4 6KW, now 12 up to 30, with possibilities of 70kW per rack) Improved cooling strategies Need for scalability Need for modularity Data centre consolidation Server virtualization Energy saving initiatives

7 Traditional Power Distribution Majorityuse under floorpower distribution Typically via cables fed from a distribution panel The panel is located on the raised floorin order to reduce voltage drop in smaller conductor The panel is normally fed by a secondary breaker typically located in a critical distribution panel or UPSoutput switch gear.

8 PDU A Traditional Under Floor Cable Power Distribution Distribution Panel One whip to each cabinet Congestion under floor obstructs air flow PDU B Distribution Panel

9 Problems with traditional power distribution ib ti Inhibits flexibility : circuit additions are difficult, requires new cable installation, location of new panel breakers, temporary removal of floor tiles, opening of deadfronts, wire pulling, and circuitverification verification. Restricts airflow; obstructing under floor air currents, some cables are abandoned in place Not scalable No modularity Costly Increased risk of human error

10 Emerging Trend toward overhead distribution Over head Cabinet power distribution via an overhead track busway Allows users to quickly insert or relocate plug in units and electrical power drops. Continuous open access and allow for power drops to be inserted instantly anywhere along the busway. Modular, three phase systems which consist of electrified copper conductor bars within lightweight housing. Circuits are added or removed through a turn n lock insertion process which allows users to insert and remove plug in units without shutting down power. Eliminates the need for power distribution panel boards and multiple cables. Include a circuit breaker in the plug in unit which improves protection and provides local ldisconnection means. Possible to eliminated the raised floor, which significantly reduces data center construction costs.

11 Comparison of DC distribution Methods OH Conduit & wire UF cable OH cable OH busway OH bus track Comments Requires raised floor N Y N N N Raised floor costs are high Circuit change w/o load Dependant on amount of disruption N N N N Y infrastructure installed initially Single & three phase available at load N N N Y Y Facilitates load diversity Installation costs = lowest cost Restricts cold air flow N Y N N N air flow dampening Requires entry/exit airflow MGMT N Y N N N Bypass air can be created by cable entry/exit points Load connection at any location Y Y Y N Y Dependant on amount of infrastructure installed initially Requires remote circuit identification Y N N Y Y Visual circuit management Periodic re torqueing required N N N Y N connection joints may require retorqueing Circuit changes reduces static pressure N Y N N N Removing floor tiles impacts cooling Circuit protection close to load N N N Y Y Protection is improved when close to load Risk of standing water penetration N Y N N N Fixed physical phase relationship N N N Y Y Reduces mis wires

12 Benefits of over head Track Busway Flexibility: add/remove circuits in minutes Non disruptive to Power: add/remove circuits without de energizing ii load Improves Energy Efficiency: overhead power improves cooling by removing underfloor cable air dams also reduces bypass airflow by eliminating cable access holes (brushes, grommets' etc) Scalability: power connections can be added as needed deferring costs until cabinets require power Modularity: Varying power densities can be fed with the same busway infrastructure Easily Configurable: single or three phase loads from the same busway Low Cost: Generally lower material costs and significantly less labor than traditional methods Does not usevaluable floor spaceby eliminating raised floor mounted PDU

13 Benefits of over head Track Busway Expandable: higher densities can be easily accommodated in the future Re deployable: can be relocated dto other applications with relative ease LEEDS recognized: gain Leed s points because of it s sustainability (reusable), adaptability (ease of change), scalability (expandable without modification), and energy efficiency (cooling waste reduction Reduces risk of human error by improving visual circuit management Improves reliability as electrical connections are made via mechanically reducing the risk of a mis wire. Reduces chance of phase overloads because conductor physical location never changes

14 Plug in box design facilitates live plug in Mounting Tab with Hanger Bolt Paddle(Plug Head) Polarized to prevent improper installation Plug Guide Breakers Receptacles Enclosure Typical plug in box shown. Hundreds of configurations are available.

15 U it i d d hil ti t b Unit is grounded while connecting to busway Ground Tab Plug Guide on Bus

16 Inserting Plug In Into Access Slot Inserting Plug In Into Access Slot Plug Head inserted completely into busway Plug Guide fits firmly around busway housing while enclosure is solidly against the plug guide. Plug in unit enclosure is bonded to aluminum housing during insertion process p g protecting the installer

17 Rotating Plug In Into Access Slot Rotate plug in such that the blades engage the busbars. Enclosure and Plug Guide firmly pressed up against busway. Rotate plug in until it is parallel to the busway NOTE: The typical circuit breaker/ NOTE: The typical circuit breaker/ receptacle faces the direction of the busbar side of busway (B225 & 100A)

18 Securing Plug In Into Access Slot Insert hanger bolt on the mounting tab Securely tighten hanger bolt to mounting tab

19 Breaker Box Typical Plug In modules Drop Cord 228 mm Outlet Box 203 mm

20 About the Track Busway Extruded Aluminum Housing 225A Version Shown U Shaped busbars Insulators that surround the busbars and provide a finger safe product. Continuous open bottom

21 Ratings & Dimensions 106 mm 128 mm 106 mm 145 mm

22 About the Track Busway Copper Conductor Stab on Plug In Paddle Constant spring tension created by the U Shaped busbar. Creates a maintenance free connection.

23 Typical Track Busway System Coupler Sets Housing Section End Cap Threaded Rod Hanger Tee End Power Feed Elbow

24 Benefits of overhead power distribution Flexibility Allows for technology refreshing Flexibility to accommodate frequent change without service disruption is mandatory. With overhead flexible power distribution systems, circuits are easily added with very little risk to load. Overhead distribution can accommodate varying loads as the main infrastructure is designed to serve high and low density, single and three phase loads from day one. Independent d of the type of server used, the systems basic infrastructure remains unchanged.

25 Benefits of overhead power distribution Reliability Reduces risk of human by improving visual circuit management which reduces the probability of inadvertent operation of incorrect circuit breakers. Track busway electrical connections are made via mechanical connections thereby significantly reducing the risk of a mis wire. Track Busway also mechanically fixes the physical relationship between conductors, unlike cable where conductors can be in any physical relationship, thereby reducing the chance of improper phase connections.

26 Benefits of overhead power distribution ib ti Scalability Since most centres will not initially run at full capacity, they must be designed with the ability to accommodate sustained growth without interruption of existing services. Overhead power systems are designed to allow for expansion by simply adding on to the existing system or by installation of additional systems. When an additional row of servers is added, simply add another row of over head track busway. If a row is expanded, just add more track.

27 Benefits of overhead power distribution Modularity A modular approach provides a plan for overall capacity utilization in a number of smaller units. Traditional power distribution methods do not lend themselves to modular design concepts as the exact configuration oftheloadis required at day one. Overhead track busway systems use a basic infrastructure for all loads. Only the plug in unit is specifically configured for the particular load. The basic infrastructure can be added as modules are added and loads connected as they are determined, without changing the track system.

28 Benefits of overhead power distribution Energy Efficiency Removing the under floor cables and reducing under floor obstructions. Cable obstructions make the air distribution very nonuniform, creating pressure differentials that can lead to data centre hot spots. High pressure exists upstream of cable, tow pressure downstream; creating large airflow through the upstream perforated tile and low airflow in the downstream perforated tile. Thus, a server rack placed in the downstream region can be starved of cooling air and may overheat. If you remove the cable obstructions, this non uniformity will go away. Over head power also mitigates the single biggest offender in the waste of cooling efficiency which is improperly sized raised floor penetrations for cabling that allow bypass air. Although the use of proper airflow management, including seals, brushes, air dams and other accessories can help control bypass air; it becomes a non issue when power is delivered overhead. Under floor cabling also requires that the tiles be removed during circuit additions. This can significantly decrease static pressure during the time of circuit addition. In some cases, it is possible to gain Leed s points with overhead track busway as it can be defined to meet the requirements of sustainability (reusable), adaptability (ease of change), scalability (expandable without modification), and energy efficiency (cooling waste reduction Overhead track busway also shares a common neutral which helps promote material efficiency while phase balancing increases energy efficiency.

29 Benefits of overhead power distribution

30 Uniquely suited for POD & container designs

31 Conclusions The final selection of either an under floor or an overhead power distribution system is a balance between construction specifics, operational metrics, physical constraints, and the evolutional demands of the enterprise. That final selection will have to survive the ever changing shape of the environment IT supports. In the end, it can be said that there are reasons for installing both under floor and over head power systems in the data centre. Both have their own set of advantages and limitations which have to be taken into account while choosing either of them. Nevertheless, as a general trend, under floor power distribution and subsequently even raised floors are giving way, to overhead track busway power solutions along with a growing number of solid floor designs.