Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2015, 7(3): Research Article

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1 Available olie Joural of Chemical ad Pharmaceutical Research, 15, 7(3): Research Article ISSN : CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Iformatio systems' buildig of small ad medium eterprises based o data evelopmet aalysis Lihog Li 1, Ya Li 1*, Jie Su 1, Liyu Su 1 ad Yiru Wag 1 College of Sciece, Hebei Uited Uiversity, Tagsha, Hebei, Chia Maagemet ad Ecoomics, Dalia Uiversity of Techology, Dalia, Chia ABSTRACT Eterprise iformatio techology is a key factor i a compay's ability to compete effectively. For compaies operatig this complex multi-iput multi-output system, use data evelopmet aalysis for quatitative evaluatio. Proposed eterprise maagemet iformatio system costructio method based o data evelopmet aalysis. There is certai sigificace for eterprises to adopt a reasoable approach i the assessmet. Especially for eterprise developmet decisios ad comparative aalysis it provides a theoretical basis ad quatitative aalysis. Key words: Eterprise maagemet iformatio system; Iformatio Techology; Comprehesive evaluatio; Data evelopmet aalysis INTRODUCTION With iformatioizatio becomig the world's ecoomic ad social developmet tred, compaies have built their maagemet iformatio system, so that they ca have a strog positio i the fierce competitio of iformatio techology [1]. It has bee a hot topic for theoretical ad practical workers of how to comprehesive utilizatio of atural sciece, maagemet sciece, system sciece kowledge, the fuctioal desig of maagemet iformatio system, to provide more decisio support fuctios, to give full play to the advatage of the value of iformatio system i eterprise maagemet[, 3]. Data evelopmet aalysis[4] is a multi-obective decisio-makig method which ca deal with the problem of multiple iputs ad multiple outputs, whose mai feature is the obective ad comprehesive evaluatio. We do't eed to artificially determie the weight of each iput ad output idex i advace. Besides, the eterprise operatio is a complex system of multiple iputs multiple outputs with a lot of problems which eed to be aalyzed obectively ad comprehesively. It will be of great sigificace to study the applicatio of DEA i eterprise maagemet iformatio system. System developers will get a ew idea to solve the problem of multiple iputs multiple outputs. The mai cotets of this paper are as follows: Startig from the geeral cocept of maagemet iformatio system, combiig the basic theory of maagemet iformatio system, we summarized the structural characteristics ad fuctio of eterprises maagemet iformatio system. From the structure ad fuctio of eterprise maagemet iformatio system, based o the relevat theory of data evelopmet aalysis(dea), we built the eterprises maagemet iformatio system based o DEA. 1184

2 Ya Li et al J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 15, 7(3): ENTERPRISES MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM Geeral maagemet iformatio system refers to the maagemet or use of systems of idividual or orgaizatio. It does ot ecessarily require a computer. Narrow sese of maagemet iformatio system geerally refers to the eterprise maagemet iformatio system. It is artificial, usig computer etwork commuicatio equipmet ad other office equipmet, collectio, trasmissio, processig, storage, update ad maitai system. It is a strategic competitio i eterprises to improve busiess efficiecy, for the purpose of supportig eterprise high-level decisios, middle cotrol ad basic operatio of the itegrated ma-machie system. It is a maagemet system, ad also a social system[5]. From the adopted techical level of maagemet iformatio system, it has experieced from the lowest levels of electroic data processig (EDP), the office automatio system (OAS), ad the to computer support collaborative work (CSCW) system, will evetually reach the highest level of itelliget system. The decisio support system (DSS) is developig towards the directio of itegrated, itelliget ad eterprises [6]. From a differet perspective, the structure of iformatio maagemet system is differet. Look from the cocept, the maagemet iformatio system is composed of four parts, amely the source iformatio, processor iformatio, users ad iformatio maagemet. Look from the hierarchy is divided ito three differet levels like strategic plaig (strategic maagemet), maagemet cotrol layer (tactical maagemet), ad operatio cotrol layer (busiess process). At the same time, due to the orgaizatio's maagemet istitutio ca be divided ito several departmets, ad each departmet has a certai busiess fuctios, maagemet iformatio system ca also be built accordig to the fuctio of maagemet orgaizatio. Eterprise maagemet iformatio system is a huma-machie system [5,6], which uses moder maagemet ideas ad methods as well as computer, software ad etwork commuicatio techology ad collect, store, process the iformatio i eterprise maagemet so as to assist the eterprise daily busiess process util the formulatio ad optimizatio of decisio scheme work as well as the trackig, moitorig, cotrollig ad regulatio of the whole maagemet process. a.the structure of the eterprises maagemet iformatio system Eterprises maagemet iformatio system(emis) is the structure of the horizotal ad vertical divisio of matrix structure, like figure 1. Logitudial summarized the hierarchical structure of the maagemet tasks, trasverse outlies the mai features of the EMIS fuctio from orgaizatio. The combiatio of horizotal ad vertical describe EMIS i compositio characteristics of each stage Strategic maagemet Maagemet cotrol Job maagemet Sales market Productio Physical supply Persoel Fiacial accoutig Iformatio processig Top maagemet Fig. 1: Matrix structure of maagemet iformatio system Accordig to the aalysis of EMIS iformatio processig, grass-roots maagemet will specific chages ad it requires higher precisio ad has large amout of data. We ca itegrate EMIS matrix structure to form differet styles of maagemet iformatio system. Horizotal comprehesive let same maagemet levels of various fuctios together, like lettig the maagemet who belogs to the same ob market supply ad accoutig subsystem oi together, formig a horizotal multistage structure of maagemet system, makig iformatio itegratio. Horizotal multistage structure is coducive to the uified maagemet of all kids of resources. Vertically itegrated let the same maagemet fuctio of the differet maagemet levels together. This structure ca do good commuicatio o the relatioship betwee the subordiates, ad it is easy to master by the decisio makers. Such as departmets ad fiace systems ca combie to form the comprehesive fiacial subsystem. b.the fuctio of eterprises maagemet iformatio system The basic fuctio of EMIS ca be summarized as four subsystems, the market operatio ad maagemet subsystem, productio (supplies) maagemet subsystem, fiacial maagemet subsystem ad the persoel 1185

3 Ya Li et al J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 15, 7(3): maagemet subsystem. These systems coect with the ceter of a logical database, ad they Share iformatio resources ad provide the iformatio maagemet for eterprise. [7] (1) The fuctio ad structure of market operatio ad maagemet subsystem. Market maagemet subsystem's mai fuctio is to provide iformatio about the market for corporate decisio makers, such as productio ad solvig what product, what marketig methods ad chaels to sell products as soo as possible. Therefore, its fuctio structure cosists of order, sales ad customer service module, the module plaig ad market research, distributio module, etc. () The fuctio ad structure of productio (supplies) maagemet subsystem. Productio (supplies) maagemet subsystem mai fuctios of for productio maagemet staff to provide all kids of factors of productio iformatio. It solves the problems such as the realizatio of the product structure, productio pla, how to cotrol the ormal supply of raw materials or productio schedule, resource cosumptio situatio of each workig procedure, how to cotrol the quality of the products. The fuctio structure cosists of product desig module, productio pla module, material ivetory maagemet module ad productio cotrol module. (3) The fuctio ad structure of fiacial maagemet subsystem. The mai fuctio of fiacial maagemet subsystem is providig the capital flows for policymakers ad fiacial persoel. It also solves problems such as how to get moey, how to make a budget, how to effectively use fixed assets ad curret assets ad how to reduce the productio ad operatio cost. Therefore, its fuctio structure maitaied by accoutig module, geeral ledger module, accoutig ad fiacial plaig module, fiacial reportig module. (4) The fuctio ad structure of persoel maagemet subsystem. The mai fuctios of the persoel maagemet subsystem are to provide relevat persoel iformatio ad solve such as how to allocate huma resources, rewards ad puishmet, ad the persoel maagemet problem. Its fuctio structure cosists of the persoel file maagemet module, persoel plaig module, labor maagemet module. c. The features of eterprises maagemet iformatio system From the curret applicatio of all kids of eterprise iformatio maagemet system geerally, the followig features are as follows [8][9]: (1) I additio to geeral maagemet software ad MRP (Material Resource Plaig), OA (Office Automatio) ad WFS (Work Flow Systems), most software is eeded to do a lot of demad aalysis. O the basis of summarizig the past experiece ad eterprise developmet requiremets carefully, cosultats (mostly are idustry experts) ad eterprise employees at all levels formulate iformatio maagemet system tailor-made accordig to the actual situatio of eterprises. () Startig from the perspective of corporate strategy most systems desig the eterprise maagemet iformatio system o the premise of global ad overall cosideratio. From eterprise persoel maagemet, product maagemet, rights maagemet system, sales maagemet, purchasig maagemet, productio maagemet, quality maagemet ad other aspects of the system, the realizatio of the strategy ad the correlatio betwee iformatio ad coditioality are take ito cosideratio. (3) The key data of the daily work doe by each staff ad each departmet ca be stored i a database, ad it ca be reviewed ad called accordig to the authority. (4) All kids of data ca be processed through the computer to get various kids of aalysis results from differet agles, ad through the alarm way the decisio makers ca get iformatio about it the first time. (5) Due to the timeliess ad relevace of iformatio, whe the system elemets of certai iformatio chages, other iformatio associated with it will also chage. At the same time, because the eterprise exteral eviromet ad iteral factors are i a dyamic chage, the system is also required to adapt to this chage. DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS The famous operatioal researcher A.C hares W.W.C ooper ad E.R hodes first proposed data evelopmet aalysis (DEA for short) method to evaluate the relative effectiveess i It s a method which ca deal with multi-obective decisio problem with multiple iputs (iput as small as possible) ad multiple outputs (output is larger, the better). Its basic priciple is Pareto Optimality priciple. Uder the cofiguratio of resources, the state of Pareto Optimality is oly to reduce the iterest of certai people ca icrease the iterest of oe or more people. Judgig DEA efficiecy from iput ad output ca be uderstad from the followig two poits: 1186

4 Ya Li et al J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 15, 7(3): (1)Iput priciple: Reduce spedig oe productio uit but ot reduce other productio uits, the level of output will ot chage as a result, which shows the productio uit is iefficiet. ()Output priciple: Icrease oe productio uit output without reducig other productio uit of output, still does't icrease ivestmet, which said the productio uit is iefficiet. Oly the above two criteria have bee reected, the productio uit is completely effective. It particularly poited out that the DEA method is a purely techical, which ca have othig to do with the market (price). C R method is a system aalysis method, maily based o the priciple of relative efficiecy evaluatio. Suppose xi there are decisio-makig uits (DMU), each DMU has m kids of iput ad p kids of output. said the i yr kids of iputs i DMU, said the r kids of outputs i DMU. The respectively correspodig weight coefficiet are v = ( v1, v,..., v ) T u = ( u1, u,..., u ) m, T p. miθ λ x s = θ x = 1 (1) λ y s = y = 1 s, s, λ, = 1,,..., The meaig of the basic variables i C R model. (1)θ is the valid value for decisio makig uit DMU (The effective use of iput relative to output). () x is the uit of iputs i DMU, which ca be represeted by 1 ( x, x,... x m). (3) y is the uit of outputs i DMU, which ca be represeted by 1 p ( y, y,..., y ). λ represet the recostruct a efficiet DMU i which the decisio-makig uit relative to DMU. S, S are the slack variable. The efficiecy of the model value i C R model is techical efficiecy, its ecoomic meaig is whe the ith DMU output level remais the same, best performace i the sample (DMU) i the efficiet frotier surface as the stadard, the ivestmet proportio of the actual eed. 1 θ is the more ivestmet proportio of ith DMU, the biggest reduced iput proportio (or waste). I particular it is divided ito the followig three kids of situatios: (1)Whe θ =1 ad S = S =, we call that DMU is DEA efficiecy. I the ecoomic system composed of decisio makig uits, the output o the basis of the origial iput has reached optimal. ()Whe θ =1 ad S or S, we call DMU is weak efficiecy. I the composed ecoomic system of decisio makig uit, addig iput x ca reduce S ad keep the origial output y uchaged, or uder the coditio of ivariable iput x, S output ca be improved. (3)Whe θ <1, we call DMU is DEA iefficiecy. I the composed ecoomic system of decisio makig uits, for the iput x dow to the origial iput x, θ proportio ad keep the origial output y ot reduce. Model of C R implicit assumptios that DMU ca be icreased i proportio to expad the scale of output, that is the size of the DMU does ot affect its efficiecy. This assumptio is quite strict, i may cases it ca ot be satisfied. I order to solve this problem, Baker, Chares ad Cooper (1984) cosiderig the size of the variable remueratio ad put forward the improvemet scheme C R model. Variable size remueratio assumptios ca made it remove the ifluece of scale efficiecy whe calculate the techical efficiecy. The resultig efficiecy is type () which represets the pure techical efficiecy: 1187

5 Ya Li et al J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 15, 7(3): mi θ λ x s = θ x = 1 λ y s = y = 1 λi = 1, λ, = 1,,..., i= 1 s, s () Because techical Efficiecy =pure techical efficiecy scale efficiecy, we ca separately cout the techical efficiecy ad pure techical efficiecy of DMU use C R model or BC model, ad we ca get scale efficiecy through it. If the optimal solutios of C R model are λ, s, s, θ, whe meet θ =1, ad s = s =, DMU is techological efficiet, else or ot. The reaso is that productio iput is too large, or ot bee fully made use of productio capacity, resultig the shortage of output. If we wat to make the ivalid uit be effectively, it is ecessary to adust the iput vector ad output vector to its efficiet frotier * * "proectio": x = θ x s, y = θ y s. As log as the iput reduce to x * ad the output icreased to y *, DMU is effective comparig with other - 1 decisio uit. Whe applicate DEA method to evaluate, we eed to multiple replicatio o the ext steps i order to obtai a more reliable results, sometimes may be combied with other quatitative or qualitative methods[1]. a.determie problem stage To make the iformatio provided by the DEA method is more exact ad scietific, this stage eeds to be doe the followig work: (1) It is ecessary to defie the target of evaluatio ad aroud the target of evaluatio to be aalyzed to obect of evaluatio. It is icludig idetifyig the mai goals ad sub-goals as well as the factors that affect these targets, ad established a hierarchical structure. () Determie the ature of the various factors, such as the factors are divided ito mutable or immutable, cotrollable or ucotrollable as well as maor or mior. (3) Cosidered the possible qualitative ad quatitative relatioship betwee factors. (4) Due to some decisio-makig uit is ope, sometimes eed to idetify the boudary of the decisio-makig uit ad aalyze the structure ad layer of decisio-makig uits. (5) The results eed to be qualitative aalysis ad forecastig. b Modelig computatio stage This stage eeds to be doe the followig work: (1) To establish evaluatio idex system. Accordig to the aalysis of the first stage, determie the idex system which ca fully reflect the evaluatio target, ad some of the qualitative relatioship betwee the idicators reflect to the costraits of weights. At the same time, we also ca cosider the diversity of iput ad output idex system, comparative studies betwee the aalysis results i each case ad the get a reasoable maagemet iformatio. () Select DMU. Select DMU is essetially determiig the referece set. Therefore, the selectio of DMU should meet the followig basic characteristics, that is havig the same goal, task, exteral eviromet ad iput ad output idex. The selectio of decisio-makig uits is to have certai represetativeess. (3) Collect ad orgaize of the data has the availability. (4) Accordig effectiveess aalysis of the target ad the actual backgroud to select the appropriate DEA model to calculate. c.the results of aalysis stage 1188

6 Ya Li et al J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 15, 7(3): This stage eeds to be doe the followig work: (1) O the basis of the above work, the calculatio result is aalyzed ad compared, fid out the cause of the ivalid uit is ivalid, ad provide further ways to improve. () Accordig to the result of qualitative aalysis ad forecastig to examie the ratioality of evaluatio results, DEA model ca be used whe ecessary to take several schemes evaluatio respectively, comprehesive aalysis of the result, it ca also be combied with other assessmet methods or referece other methods provide the iformatio for comprehesive aalysis. All i all, as a kid of effective system decisio aalysis method i recet years, DEA evaluatio method is widely applied to techology ad productivity advace, techical iovatio, the problem about the cost-beefit profit, resource allocatio, fiacial ivestmet, performace evaluatio ad other fields. It opes up a ew prospect ad provides a ew meas for evaluatio ad decisio-makig problem of multiple iput multiple output cases. INFORMATION SYSTEMS' BUILDING OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES BASED ON DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS Usig the cocept of life cycle method we make a itroductio. The desig is divided ito five parts like: feasibility studies ad plaig system; requiremet aalysis ad geeral desig; detailed desig; system operatio ad system test; maiteace ad evaluatio. a. Feasibility studies ad plaig system The obect of the desig is a eterprise. The eterprise aalyzes ad sorts the vast amouts of data every day. They covey a lot of iformatio. I order to improve its maagemet iformatio system, icrease the operatio efficiecy, maagemet level ad ecoomic beefit, which ca provide customers with quick ad high quality service, ehace competitio ability. We ca implemet iformatio maagemet for the whole eterprise. I the developmet process we use differet developmet methods to carry o the desig, we ca fid their features ad differeces. b. Requiremet aalysis ad geeral desig The mai task of eterprise should be covered i this system so as to make the maagemet ad busiess persoel timely ad accurately etry ad access to relevat uits ad departmets of operatio status iformatio, ad it ca be cotrolled ad maaged effectively. We should extract the relevat data to be processed, auxiliary the iterface prototype, clear requiremets through acquaitig the busiess. c. Detailed desig (1) The target of system implemetatio. Maagemet iformatio system is a combiatio of huma ad machie. With the improvemet of the system, the goal of the costructio of the system is also costatly improved, so we must cosider the developmet strategy of eterprises ad the developmet of computer ad coditios. The costructio goal of the eterprise maagemet iformatio system should be also put forward at a high level to esure the itegrity advacemet ad sciece of the system. () The structure of the system desig. Data processig work of each professio have correspodig fuctioal departmets, ad is performed by the correspodig professioals. The existig istitutios ad various fuctioal departmets are gradually formed i the process of eterprise developmet, which has its certai ratioality ad limitatios i some respects, which caot adapt to the requiremets of moder maagemet. Therefore, i the costructio of the eterprise MIS, we should straight out the relatioship betwee iformatio resources fully, ad carry o the reasoable divisio of subsystems i order to improve the data processig efficiecy ad quality. (3) System module partitio. Based o the above described process ad data class icidece matrix method, we coducted the divisio of subsystem. The specific steps are as follows: First, relatioal table about process ad data class will be built. The process of the system aalysis should be arraged by executive order from the top to dow, ad data classes related to the process will be arraged from left to right. The relatioship betwee the process ad data class fill i the table: fill C whe the relatioship is geerate relatioship, fill U whe the relatioship is use relatioship, be blak whe o relatioship. We call it U/C matrix. Secod, adust the U/C matrix. Pool together the similar fuctio i order of process; meawhile adust the arragemet of the data classes. Through the gradual adustmet, make C pooled together as far as possible, ad adust the arragemet of data classes, ad form the strogly coected matrix. (4) System operatio ad system test. Based o the above aalysis ad desig the subsystem. Accordig to the 1189

7 Ya Li et al J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 15, 7(3): logical model system as a whole, followig fuctio relatively idepedecy ad cosiderig the priciple ad combiig with the actual eeds of the eterprise, its maagemet iformatio system ca be divided ito twelve subsystems. Ecodig process ca be hadled usig obect-orieted programmig laguage. DEA module fuctio of sales market subsystem:the efficiecy of differet sales departmet; the efficiecy of differet times compared the same sales departmet. DEA module fuctio of productio subsystem: Each product maufacturig workshop s productio efficiecy; ob schedulig scheme s effectiveess. DEA module fuctio of supply subsystem:the choice of raw material suppliers; the choice of material distributio plas. DEA module fuctio of persoel maagemet subsystem:maagemet of employee performace; evaluatio of each departmets mapower arragemet efficiecy. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED ON DEA Uderstadig the ature characteristics of the iformatio systems, we ca targeted discover its advatages to applied to the realistic eviromet. Iformatio systems is cotribute to the curret eviromet i our coutry, the core task is provide the additioal efficiecy bous for trascedece developmet of Chiese eterprise. The efficiecy of bous has three levels: istitutioal level, maagemet level ad operatio level. This paper is a prelimiary study the DEA s applicatio i the eterprise maagemet iformatio system, it has played a advatage of DEA i dealig with multiple iput multiple output. How DEA applied to each compay's maagemet iformatio systems also require specialized developers i-depth study. Such as DEA decisio-makig uit ad evaluatio idex system eed to do further specificatio; DEA applicatio desig of other model: the efficiecy of the algorithm ad so o. CONCLUSION The basic idea of data evelopmet aalysis is usig mathematical programmig model to compare the relative efficiecy betwee the decisio-makig uits, to make a quatitative comprehesive evaluatio of decisio-makig uits. It is cosidered to be a multi-obective decisio-makig method i dealig with multiple iputs multiple output problems. I the process of aalysis, it does ot eed to determie the weights of iput, output artificially i advace, its mai characteristic lies i obective ad comprehesive of evaluatio. Eterprise operatio is a multiple iput multiple output complex system, ad there are a lot of problems which eed to be obective ad comprehesive aalysis, combied with eterprise iformatio costructio is the key poit of effective competitio a eterprise factor, so this method i the eterprise iformatio maagemet system has a broad applicatio prospect. Ackowledgmets Supported by Natioal Sciece Fud of Chia (NO ), Natioal Sciece Fud of Hebei Provice Chia (NO.A193). REFERENCES [1] Uskebayeva R, Kurmagaliyeva B, Mukazhaov N. Computer Modellig ad New Techologies. 14, 18(), [] Zagulova D, Muhamedyev R, Ualiyeva I, et al. Computer Modellig ad New Techologies, 14, 18(1), [3] Faizrahemoo M, Hosseizadeh Lotfi F, Alimardai Jodabeh M. Iteratioal Joural of Computer Mathematics. 1, 89(5), [4] Vera A, Kutz L. Health Care Maagemet Review, 7, 3(1), [5] Jiau Wag, Deli Yag. Joural of Dalia istitute of techology, 6(3), [6] Joshi, Girdhar. Maagemet Iformatio Systems.13. (), 38. [7] Kericky, Greta G. Rural Libraries, 6, 6(1), [8] Kericky, Greta G. Rural Libraries, 6, 6(1), [9]Dai Zhag. Hebei Eterprise. 13, 7, [1] Edward Hartoo, Clyde Holsapple. Iformatio Systems ad e-busiess Maagemet, 14, (1),