School Safety in Virginia

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1 School Safety in Virginia Dewey Cornell, Ph.D. Curry School of Education University of Virginia Website: youthviolence.edschool.virginia.edu

2 Dewey G. Cornell, Ph. D., is a forensic clinical psychologist and Professor of Education in the Curry School of Education at the University of Virginia. Dr. Cornell is Director of the UVA Youth Violence Project, a Program Director for Youth-Nex, the UVA Center for Effective Youth Development, and a faculty associate of the Institute of Law, Psychiatry, and Public Policy. Dr. Cornell has studied youth violence for over 25 years and has assisted numerous schools in the development of violence prevention programs. He has authored more than 100 publications in psychology and education, including two recent books: Guidelines for Responding to Student Threats of Violence and School Violence: Fears versus Facts.

3 Overview 1. Our schools are safe. 2. Governor s Task Force 3. Zero tolerance is ineffective. 4. Threat assessment is effective.

4

5 The Sandy Hook shooting was part of a national problem with gun violence, not school violence. Approximately 31,000 gun fatalities each year Suicide (62%), homicide (35%), & accidental shootings (3%) Approximately 85 deaths per day Source: National Vital Statistics

6 Feb 1, ,280 gun deaths since Sandy Hook

7 Homicides At School vs Outside of School Ages All Homicides 1000 All Homicides At School 200 Homicides at School Sources: CDC National Center for Health Statistics and School Associated Violent Death Surveillance Study (All annual totals are approximate, using the school year for school homicides and the calendar year for non-school data).

8 Causes of Death Ages Accidents 4796 Homicides outside school 1475 Suicide 1456 Cancer 1354 Flu and pneumonia 109 Homicides at school 17 Selected causes from 2010 CDC data

9 School shootings generate increased fear that can lead to over-reactions.

10 Fear mongering

11 Zero Tolerance Suspensions After the Newtown Shootings 6 year old pointed finger and said pow!

12 Zero Tolerance Suspensions 9 year old with toy gun 12 year old doodler Poem about Sandy Hook, I understand the killings

13 Where do violent crimes occur in Virginia?

14 2011 Virginia Murder Offenses Residence/Home 164 Highway/Road/ Alley 54 Parking Lot/Garage 27 Other (e.g. office) 15 Field/Woods 10 Store/Restaurant 8 School/College 0 Source: Data from page 46, Crime in Virginia 2011, Virginia State Police. Data for schools k-12 and colleges are combined.

15 2011 Virginia Aggravated Assault Offenses Residence/Home 3989 Highway/Road/Alley 1772 Parking Lot/Garage 608 Other (e.g. hotel, office) 570 Store/Restaurant 437 School/College 186 Field/woods 137 Source: Data from page 46, Crime in Virginia 2011, Virginia State Police. Data for schools k-12 and colleges are combined.

16 When was the last time a student was murdered in a Virginia public school? 1998 Marshall High School, Fairfax 17 year old shot in parking lot

17 One shooting does not change the fundamental safety of our schools.

18 Arming our teachers not recommended

19 Should we put armed guards in school buses?

20 Should we put armed guards in theaters?

21 Should we put armed guards in shopping centers? 2011 Tucson shooting, 6 killed

22 Our schools are safe We have high levels of gun violence in the United States, but not high levels of school violence.

23 School violence is not increasing. Crimes per 1,000 students Source: Indicators of school crime and safety; Table 2.1. National Crime Victimization Study data reported by National Center for Education Statistics

24 Governor s School and Campus Safety Task Force 40 members, Led by Secretaries of Public Safety, Education, and Health and Human Resources

25 Governor s School and Campus Safety Task Force 15 priority recommendations For General Assembly vote Armed security to be studied More recommendations in June I am not speaking as a representative of the official Task Force position in my comments.

26 Governor s School and Campus Safety Task Force Community Services Statewide suicide prevention Expanded outpatient mental health services Mental health first aid training Curriculum for critical incident response in schools

27 Governor s School and Campus Safety Task Force School Security Mandatory lockdown drills School emergency manager Restored SRO funding Security checklists and crisis management plans Funding for facility upgrades

28 Governor s School and Campus Safety Task Force Criminal Penalties Enhanced penalty for straw purchase of firearms Criminal offense for entering school armed with intent to commit a violent felony

29 Governor s School and Campus Safety Task Force School-based Prevention Statutory definition of bullying Anti-bullying training Threat assessment teams in all schools Civil immunity for reporting threats

30 Prevention means to keep something from happening

31 Crisis response is not prevention. A crisis occurs when prevention has failed.

32 Prevention must start before the gunman is at your door.

33 Critics say, We can t predict who will be violent, so prevention is not possible. However,.

34 Prevention does not require prediction. We cannot predict who will have an accident, but safety regulations make safer roads, cars, and drivers.

35 Prevention does not require prediction. We cannot predict who will get cancer, but we can identify risk and protective factors that reduce cancer rates dramatically.

36 The FBI, Secret Service, and Dept of Education recommended a threat assessment approach more than a decade ago.

37 Threat Assessment is a violence prevention strategy. 1. Family members, friends, or others seek help when concerned about someone in distress or who is threatening violence. 2. The threat assessment team evaluates the seriousness of the threat. 3. The team initiates assistance to address the underlying problem, conflict or need. In the most serious cases, protective action is taken.

38 School-based teams assess student threats. Step-by-step guidelines and decision-tree Most threats resolved with counseling Reductions in school suspensions and transfers. 6 studies of its positive impact. Available from sopriswest.com

39 Threat Assessment involves problem-solving. 1. Bullying and teasing 2. Peer conflicts 3. Student-teacher conflicts 4. Stress-related problems 5. Gang rivalry 6. Emerging mental illness

40 Research Findings Threat assessment is safe and efficient Reductions in school suspensions Increased parent involvement and counseling for students Lower rates of bullying Positive perceptions of school climate by students

41 Threat Assessment in Virginia Over 1,000 Virginia k-12 schools use threat assessment All public colleges and universities mandated to have threat assessment teams.

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