Entry of US Medical School Graduates Into Family Practice Residencies: and 3-year Summary

Transcription

1 Vol. 33, No Special Articles: 2001 Match Results Entry of US Graduates Into Family Practice Residencies: and 3-year Summary Perry Pugno, MD, MPH; Gordon T. Schmittling, MS; Deborah S. McPherson, MD; Norman Kahn, Jr, MD This is the 20th report prepared by the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) on the percentage of each US medical school s graduates entering family practice residency programs. Approximately 12.8% of the 15,825 graduates of US medical schools between July 1999 and June 2000 were first-year family practice residents in 2000, compared with 13.4% in 1999 and 15.4% in Medical school graduates from publicly funded medical schools were almost twice as likely to be first-year family practice residents in October 2000 than were residents from privately funded schools, 15.6% compared with 8.7%. The West North Central region reported the highest percentage of medical school graduates who were first-year residents in family practice programs in October 2000 at 18.2%; the Middle Atlantic and New England regions reported the lowest percentages at 8.3% and 6.8%, respectively. Nearly half of the medical school graduates (47.0%) entering a family practice residency program as first-year residents in October 2000 entered a program in the same state where they graduated from medical school. The percentages for each medical school have varied substantially from year to year since the AAFP began reporting this information. This article reports the average percentage for each medical school for the last 3 years. Also reported are the number and percentage of graduates from colleges of osteopathic medicine who entered Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited family practice residency programs, based on estimates provided by the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine. (Fam Med 2001;33(8): ) From the Director, Division of Medical Education (Dr Pugno); Director, Division of Research and Information Services (Mr Schmittling); Assistant Director, Division of Medical Education (Dr McPherson); and Vice President, Education and Science (Dr Kahn), American Academy of Family Physicians, Leawood, Kan. The multitude of factors influencing medical students postgraduate residency choice appears to depend on both curricular and noncurricular variables. Selection of family practice as a specialty has long been correlated with a required third-year clerkship in family medicine, as well as the presence of a strong department of family medicine on campus. 1,2 Noncurricular variables, including faculty role models, anticipated lifestyle, projected professional income, pace and scope of practice, and perceived prestige of specialty, have all been suggested as important in selection of a specialty. 3,4 Market factors may be gaining importance over curricular variables in career planning as the opportunity cost of medical education outpaces the projected return on investment of a career in medicine, with family practice experiencing a disproportionate impact over subspecialty careers. 5,6 The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) has long recognized the importance of student interest and issues of the medical education environment in the selection of family practice as a specialty choice. From 1988 to 2001, the Task Force on Student Interest (TFSI) worked to identify these issues, to anticipate future challenges, and to develop initiatives to enhance interest in family practice among medical students. In recognition of the need for objective data about the factors influencing specialty choice in the current medical and economic environment, research is underway. How these factors have changed since the work of the early 1990s will greatly influence future initiatives. In January 2001, by the recommendation of the TFSI, the AAFP Board of Directors discontinued the task force. In its place, a Commission on Resident and Student Issues was created to continue and broaden the work of the task force. Projects will be initiated to identify and monitor factors influencing specialty choice

2 586 September 2001 Family Medicine Table 1 Practice Residents, by Type of, 2000 Number Percent US medical school graduate, 7/99 6/00* 2, US medical school graduate, outside 7/99 6/ Osteopathic school graduate, 7/99 6/ Osteopathic school graduate, outside 7/99 6/ International medical school graduate TOTAL 3, * Tables 2 5, 7, and 8 relate to 2,079 residents who graduated within the time period, including 57 who were promoted to the second year of residency in Source: American Academy of Family Physicians among medical students, to develop and support initiatives that address the needs of medical students considering careers in family practice, to support and enhance the robust network of family medicine interest groups on medical school campuses, and to optimize resources within organized family medicine by working collaboratively to achieve mutual goals related to student interest. 7 Through these efforts, work will continue to increase awareness among medical students of the crucial role of family physicians in the health care of the US population and the rewards of a career in family practice. Methods This is the 20th national study conducted by the AAFP to determine the percentage of graduates from each medical school who enter family practice residency programs 8-24 (2 years study results were not published). Since June 1972, the AAFP has annually performed a census of all residents in family practice residency programs. Program directors listed all first-year residents and their medical schools, including the month and year of graduation. The residency program directors also verified the status of second- and third-year residents and the graduates originally reported in previous years. After all census forms were returned by program directors in June 2000, the medical school information was coded and keyed. In mid-september 2000, a verification of the census information was made with program directors, allowing them to add the names of firstyear residents who entered their programs later than July 1 and delete the names of residents who failed to enter the program as expected. A 100% response rate has always been achieved in this study. Through this method, 153 first-year residents were deleted from the file from those reported in June, and 79 additional firstyear residents were added, for a net loss of 74. In 2000, there were 85 adds and 24 deletes for a net gain of 61. In 1999, there were 122 adds and 45 deletes for a net gain of 77. In 1998, there were 70 adds and 38 deletes for a net gain of 32. After the corrections were made to the file in November, the resident file was re-sorted by medical school, and each respective listing was sent to the appropriate registrar s office. At the same time, a copy of the listing was sent to the family medicine department/ division chair at the respective medical school. To obtain percentages of graduates entering family practice residency programs from each medical school, the AAFP used American Medical Association (AMA) data that reports graduates from each medical school based on a July 1, 1999, to June 30, 2000, graduation date. 25 The AAFP uses data from the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) to determine the type of medical school, public or private. 26 For the sixth year, the study included graduates of colleges of osteopathic medicine and used the same methods outlined above. After the data were returned by the family practice residency program directors, the registrars of colleges of osteopathic medicine were contacted to verify the graduation month and year of osteopathic physicians who were first-year residents in Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)- accredited family practice residency programs. The American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine provided estimates of the number of graduates from each college of osteopathic medicine. 27 Results Of the 3,619 first-year residents in 2000, 2,022 (55.9%) were identified as having graduated from US Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME)- accredited medical schools between July 1999 and June 2000 (Table 1). In addition, there were 296 first-year residents (8.2%) who graduated from US LCMEaccredited medical schools outside the reporting period. Therefore, 64.1% (2,318/3,619) of all first-year family practice residents in October 2000 graduated from US LCME-accredited medical schools, compared with 70.1% (2,574/3,672) in 1999, 74.9% (2,787/3,723) in 1998, 82.4% (2,896/3,514) in 1997, and 78.4% (2,751/3,514) in At least one in four graduates of the following nine medical schools in the reporting period was in a family practice residency program as a first-year resident in 2000 (Table 2): Michigan State University (34.1%), Oregon Health Sciences University (32.5%), University of South Carolina (29.2%), Wright State University (28.8%), East Carolina University (27.8%), University of Missouri-Columbia (26.4%), University of Arkansas (26.1%), University of Minnesota (25.5%), and Marshall University (25.0%). The University of Minnesota graduated the highest number of medical school graduates who chose family practice residency programs with 60, followed by Indiana University with 41. Of the 15,825 graduates of LCME-accredited

3 Special Articles: 2001 Match Results Vol. 33, No Table 2 Number and Percentage of Graduates Who Were Family Practice Residents, by US, 2000 ALABAMA Alabama, University of South Alabama, University of ARIZO Arizona, University of ARKANSAS Arkansas, University of CALIFORNIA California, Davis, Univ of California, Irvine, Univ of California, Los Angeles, Univ of California, San Diego, Univ of California, San Francisco, Univ of Loma Linda University Southern California, Univ of Stanford University COLORADO Colorado, University of CONNECTICUT Connecticut, University of Yale University DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA George Washington University Georgetown University Howard University FLORIDA Florida, University of Miami, University of South Florida, University of GEORGIA Emory University Georgia, Medical College of Mercer University Morehouse School of Medicine HAWAII Hawaii, University of ILLINOIS Chicago, Pritzker, Univ of Chicago Med Sch, Finch Univ Illinois, University of Loyola Univ of Chicago, Stritch Northwestern University Rush Medical College Southern Illinois University INDIA Indiana University KANSAS Kansas, University of KENTUCKY Kentucky, University of Louisville, University of LOUISIA Louisiana State Univ, New Orleans Louisiana State Univ, Shreveport Tulane University MARYLAND Johns Hopkins University Maryland, University of Uniformed Services University MASSACHUSETTS Boston University Harvard Massachusetts, University of Tufts University MICHIGAN Michigan State University Michigan, University of Wayne State University MINNESOTA Mayo Minnesota, University of MISSISSIPPI Mississippi, University of MISSOURI Missouri, Columbia, Univ of Missouri, Kansas City, Univ of St Louis University Washington Univ, St Louis NEBRASKA Creighton University Nebraska, University of NEVADA Nevada, University of NEW HAMPSHIRE Dartmouth NEW JERSEY UMDNJ-New Jersey, Newark UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson NEW MEXICO New Mexico, University of IOWA Iowa, University of

4 588 September 2001 Family Medicine Table 2 (continued) NEW YORK Albany Medical College Albert Einstein College of Med Columbia University Cornell University Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York Medical College New York University Rochester, University of SUNY, Brooklyn SUNY, Buffalo SUNY, Stony Brook SUNY, Syracuse NORTH CAROLI Bowman Gray SOM/Wake Forest U Duke University East Carolina University North Carolina, University of NORTH DAKOTA North Dakota, University of OHIO Case Western Reserve Univ Cincinnati, University of Medical College of Ohio Northeastern Ohio Universities Ohio State University Wright State University OKLAHOMA Oklahoma, University of OREGON Oregon Health Sciences Univ PENNSYLVANIA Jefferson MCP Hahnemann Univ SOM Pennsylvania State Univ, Hershey Pennsylvania, University of Pittsburgh, University of Temple University PUERTO RICO Universidad Central del Caribe Ponce School of Medicine Puerto Rico, University of RHODE ISLAND Brown University Number of Graduates June 2000* First-year Family Practice Residents Number** Percent SOUTH CAROLI South Carolina, Medical Univ of South Carolina, University of SOUTH DAKOTA South Dakota, University of TENNESSEE East Tennessee State Univ Meharry Medical College Tennessee, University of Vanderbilt University TEXAS Baylor College of Medicine Texas A&M University Texas Tech University Texas, Galveston, Univ of Texas, Houston, Univ of Texas, San Antonio, Univ of Texas, Southwestern, Univ of UTAH Utah, University of VERMONT Vermont, University of VIRGINIA Eastern Virginia Med School Virginia Commonwealth Univ Virginia, University of WASHINGTON Washington, University of WEST VIRGINIA Marshall University West Virginia University WISCONSIN Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, University of Total (124) 15,825 2, * American Medical Association: Medical schools in the United States. **American Academy of Family Physicians, annual survey of medical schools

5 Special Articles: 2001 Match Results Vol. 33, No Table 3 Number and Percentage of Graduates Who Were Family Practice Residents, by Census Region and State of, 2000 EAST NORTH CENTRAL 2, Illinois 1, Indiana Michigan Ohio Wisconsin EAST SOUTH CENTRAL Alabama Kentucky Mississippi Tennessee MIDDLE ATLANTIC 3, New Jersey New York 1, Pennsylvania 1, MOUNTAIN Arizona Colorado Idaho 0 0 Montana 0 0 Nevada New Mexico Utah Wyoming 0 0 NEW ENGLAND 1, Connecticut Maine 0 0 Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont PACIFIC 1, Alaska 0 0 California 1, Hawaii Oregon Washington medical schools between July 1999 and June 2000, 12.8% were first-year family practice residents in The West North Central region had the highest percentage (18.2%) of medical school graduates who were first-year family practice residents in October 2000 (Table 3). The Middle Atlantic and New England census regions reported the lowest percentages, 8.3% and 6.8%, respectively. Texas (142), California (141), Pennsylvania (130), Illinois (126), and Ohio (126) produced the highest number of medical school graduates who entered family practice residency programs. Graduates from the 73 publicly funded medical schools were almost twice as likely to be first-year Number of Graduates June 2000* First-year Family Practice Residents Number** Percent SOUTH ATLANTIC 2, District of Columbia Florida Georgia Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Virginia West Virginia WEST NORTH CENTRAL 1, Iowa Kansas Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota WEST SOUTH CENTRAL 1, Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas 1, PUERTO RICO TOTAL 15,825 2, * American Medical Association: s in the United States. ** American Academy of Family Physicians, annual survey of medical schools. family practice residents than were graduates from the 51 privately funded medical schools (15.6% compared with 8.7%) (Table 4). Medical schools with family medicine departments continue to produce graduates who are more likely to enter family practice residency programs than medical schools with other or no administrative structure in family medicine. In October 2000, 13.8% of all graduates from the 112 medical schools with departments of family medicine were first-year family practice residents (Table 5). Approximately 6.6% of graduates from the two medical schools with family medicine divisions were first-year family practice residents, and 2.6% of the graduates from the 10 medical schools with no administrative structure for family medicine were firstyear residents. There were 469 graduates of American Osteopathic Association (AOA)-approved colleges of osteopathic medicine who were first-year residents in ACGMEaccredited family practice residency programs (12.9%)

6 590 September 2001 Family Medicine Table 4 Number and Percentage of Graduates Who Were Family Practice Residents, by Type of, 2000 Programs Public (73) 9,342 1, Private (51) 6, TOTAL (124)*** 15,825 2, * American Medical Association: Medical schools in the United States. ** American Academy of Family Physicians, annual survey of medical schools *** Includes 4-year LCME-accredited US medical schools Table 5 Number and Percentage of Graduates Who Were Family Practice Residents, by Type of Family Medicine Administrative Structure, 2000 Number of Graduates June 2000* First-year Family Practice Residents Number** Percent Administrative Structure Department of FM (112) 14,464 1, Division of FM (2) None (10) 1, TOTAL (124) 15,825 2, * American Medical Association. Medical schools in the United States. ** American Academy of Family Physicians, annual survey of medical schools in October 2000 (Table 1). In the first 3 years of this study ( ), this percentage was 2% to 2.3%. In the school years, it ranged from 4.2% to 5.9%. In , it ranged from 6.6% to 10.0%. Although there were 469 first-year family practice residents in October 2000 who graduated from colleges of osteopathic medicine, not all of them completed their medical education in the previous year. Of the 2,278 graduates of colleges of osteopathic medicine between July 1999 and June 2000, 403 (17.7%) were in ACGME-accredited family practice residency programs in October 2000 (Table 6). The University of Osteopathic Medicine and Health Sciences, Des Moines, had the highest percentage (29.1%) of graduates in ACGMEaccredited family practice residency programs. There were 832 first-year family practice residents (23.0%) in October 2000 who were international medical graduates (Table 1), compared with 683 (18.6%) in 1999, 529 (14.2%) in 1998, 284 (8.1%) in 1997, 405 (11.5%) in 1996, 471 (14.5%) in 1995, and 539 (17.6%) in Nearly half of the US medical school graduates who entered a family practice residency program in October 2000 stayed in the same state for their residency as their medical school (47.0%) (Table 7). More than 7 in 10 graduates of the medical schools in Indiana (75.6%), California (75.2%), and Arkansas (74.3%) who entered a family practice residency did so in the same state. Discussion Measuring the factors that impact the effectiveness of medical schools in producing graduates who choose family practice is difficult. Many forces influence medical students on a year-by-year basis. Therefore, the average percentage of graduates who enter family practice residency programs was computed from the yearly percentage for each medical school based on the last 3 years of data collected by the AAFP. The 100% response rate by medical schools, colleges of osteopathic medicine, and family practice residency programs makes this study unique. The process of verifying graduates and first-year residents by name further ensures reliability of data. All medical schools were ranked in descending order based on the average percentage of their graduates who entered family practice residency programs in the last 3 years (Table 8). The schools were then divided into four quartiles, with each quartile containing 31 schools. The highest three quartiles contained only medical schools with family medicine departments; Wright State University ranked first with a 3-year average of 32.5%. The lowest quartile contained 19 medical schools with family medicine departments, 2 with divisions, and 10 with no administrative structure for family medicine. The association between departmental status and an increased percentage of graduates matching in family practice continued in That association is particularly important in light of the observation that 2001 represents the fourth year of decline in student interest as evidenced by the results of the National Resident

7 Special Articles: 2001 Match Results Vol. 33, No Table 6 Number and Percentage of Graduates of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine Who Were Residents in ACGME-accredited Family Practice Residencies, by US Osteopathic Medical College, 2000 Osteopathic ARIZO Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Glendale CALIFORNIA Western University College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Pomona FLORIDA Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale ILLINOIS Chicago Coll of Osteopathic Med, Midwestern Univ, Downers Grove IOWA University of Osteopathic Med and Health Sciences, Des Moines MAINE University of New England, Biddeford MICHIGAN Michigan State Univ, East Lansing MISSOURI University of Health Sciences, Kansas City Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine NEW JERSEY Univ of Med and Dentistry of New Jersey, Stratford Number of Graduates June 2000* First-year Family Practice Residents Number** Percent Osteopathic NEW YORK New York Coll of Osteopathic Med, Old Westbury OHIO Ohio University, Athens OKLAHOMA Oklahoma State Univ College of Osteopathic Med, Tulsa PENNSYLVANIA Lake Erie Coll of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine TEXAS Univ of North Texas HSC, Coll of Osteopathic Med, Fort Worth WEST VIRGINIA W Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg TOTAL 2, * American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, Office of Research and Information Services ** American Academy of Family Physicians, annual survey of medical schools Counts from American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine are estimated or unverified. Matching Program. 28 A more in-depth analysis of those results can be found in the accompanying Special Article on the 2001 Match results. 29 The AAFP will continue its annual medical school study to monitor trends and to investigate the factors that affect medical student specialty choice and to support efforts that increase student awareness and interest in family practice. Through initiatives like the Commission on Resident and Student Issues, the AAFP is making strong efforts to bring medical student awareness of and interest in family practice into the 21st century. Corresponding Author: Address correspondence to Mr. Schmittling, American Academy of Family Physicians, Tomahawk Creek Parkway, Leawood, KS Fax: gschmitt@aafp.org. REFERENCES 1. Bland C, Meurer L, Maldonado G. Determinants of primary care specialty choice: a nonstatistical meta-analysis of the literature. Acad Med 1995;70: Kahn NB Jr. Medical schools can indeed produce family physicians. Fam Med 1996;28(6): Burak JH, Irby DM, Carline JD, Ambrozy DM, Ellsbury KE, Stritter FT. A study of medical students specialty-choice pathways: trying on possible selves. Acad Med 1997;72: Basco WT, Reigart JR. When do medical students identify careerinfluencing physician role models? Acad Med 2001;76:380-2.

8 592 September 2001 Family Medicine Table 7 Percentage of Graduates by State or Territory Who Entered a Family Practice Residency Program in the Same State, 2000 State of Alabama 53.6 Alaska Arizona 66.7 Arkansas 74.3 California 75.2 Colorado 70.0 Connecticut 9.1 Delaware District of Columbia 9.1 Florida 50.0 Georgia 38.5 Hawaii 8.3 Idaho Illinois 40.5 Indiana 75.6 Iowa 46.9 Kansas 44.8 Kentucky 55.3 Louisiana 47.6 % Entering FP % Entering FP % Entering FP Residency in Residency in Residency in the Same State the Same State the Same State State of Maine Maryland 1.6 Massachusetts 29.4 Michigan 56.9 Minnesota 60.9 Mississippi 40.0 Missouri 28.1 Montana Nebraska 51.5 Nevada New Hampshire 20.0 New Jersey 46.7 New Mexico 18.8 New York 39.1 North Carolina 48.1 North Dakota 28.6 Ohio 55.6 Oklahoma 37.5 Oregon 11.1 State of Pennsylvania 53.1 Puerto Rico 40.0 Rhode Island South Carolina 44.7 South Dakota 50.0 Tennessee 45.3 Texas 68.3 Utah 25.0 Vermont 27.3 Virginia 29.3 Washington 51.4 West Virginia 50.0 Wisconsin 30.9 Wyoming OVERALL 47.0 Source: American Academy of Family Physicians 5. Weeks WB, Wallace AE, Wallace MM, Welch HG. A comparison of the educational costs and incomes of physicians and other professionals. N Engl J Med 1994;330: Retchin SM, Boling PA, Nettleman MD, Mick SS. Marketplace reforms and primary care career decisions. Acad Med 2001;76: American Academy of Family Physicians Congress of Delegates Transactions, Board Report C, Commission on Resident and Student Issues Annual Report. Leawood, Kan: AAFP, Schmittling GT, Clinton C, Brunton S. Entry of US medical school graduates into family practice residencies: a national study. J Fam Pract 1983;17: Clinton C, Schmittling GT, Brunton S. Entry of US medical school graduates into family practice residencies: a national study, December Fam Med 1985;17(4): Schmittling GT, Clinton C, Tsou C. Entry of US medical school graduates into family practice residencies: Fam Med 1986; 18(5): American Academy of Family Physicians. Annual residency program census survey. Unpublished report. Leawood, Kan: AAFP, Schmittling GT. Entry of US medical school graduates into family practice residencies: Fam Med 1988;20(5): Schmittling GT, Graham R. Entry of US medical school graduates into family practice residencies: and 8-year summary. Fam Med 1989;21(2): Schmittling GT, Graham R, Tsou C. Entry of US medical school graduates into family practice residencies: and 9-year summary. Fam Med 1990;22(2): Schmittling GT, Graham R, Hejduk GR. Entry of US medical school graduates into family practice residencies: and 10-year summary. Fam Med 1991;23(4): Kahn NB Jr, Graham R, Schmittling GT. Entry of US medical school graduates into family practice residency programs: and 11- year summary. Fam Med 1992;24(7): Kahn NB Jr, Graham R, Schmittling GT. Entry of US medical school graduates into family practice residencies: and 3-year summary. Fam Med 1993;25(8): Kahn NB Jr, Schmittling GT, Graham R. Entry of US medical school graduates into family practice residencies: and 3-year summary. Fam Med 1994;26(8): Kahn NB Jr, Schmittling GT, Graham R. Entry of US medical school graduates into family practice residencies: and 3-year summary. Fam Med 1995;27(8): Kahn NB Jr, Schmittling GT, Garner JG, Graham R. Entry of US medical school graduates into family practice residencies: and 3-year summary. Fam Med 1996;28(8): Kahn NB Jr, Schmittling GT, Garner JG, Graham R. Entry of US medical school graduates into family practice residencies: and 3-year summary. Fam Med 1997;29(8): Kahn NB Jr, Schmittling GT, Garner JG, Graham R. Entry of US medical school graduates into family practice residencies: and 3-year summary. Fam Med 1998;30(8): Kahn NB Jr, Schmittling GT, Graham R. Entry of US medical school graduates into family practice residencies: and 3-year summary. Fam Med 1999;31(8): Pugno P, Schmittling GT, McPherson D, Kahn NB Jr. Entry of US medical school graduates into family practice residencies: and 3-year summary. Fam Med 2000;32(8): American Medical Association. Medical schools in the United States. 26. Association of American Medical Colleges AAMC directory of American medical education. Washington, DC: AAMC, American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, Office of Research and Information Services. Annual osteopathic medical school questionnaire, part I applicants, students, and graduates, and academic years. Chevy Chase, Md: American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, National Resident Matching Program NRMP Match data. Washington, DC: National Resident Matching Program, Pugno PA, McPherson DS, Schmittling GT, Kahn NB Jr. Results of the 2001 National Resident Matching Program: family practice. Fam Med 2001;33(8):pp-pp.

9 Special Articles: 2001 Match Results Vol. 33, No Table 8 Ranked Order of s Based on Last 3 Years Average Percentage of Graduates Who Were Family Practice Residents, by Type of Administrative Structure, 2000 Administrative Percent Structure Wright State University 32.5 Department Michigan State University 32.2 Department Arkansas, University of 29.6 Department Minnesota, University of 27.5 Department South Dakota, University of 27.3 Department East Carolina University 26.7 Department Southern Illinois University 26.3 Department Morehouse School of Medicine 25.5 Department Mercer University 25.2 Department Washington, University of 24.5 Department Iowa, University of 24.4 Department Oregon Health Sciences Univ 24.2 Department Hawaii, University of 23.8 Department Kansas, University of 23.8 Department Marshall University 23.6 Department New Mexico, University of 23.2 Department Meharry Medical College 22.5 Department South Carolina, Univ of 22.4 Department Texas A&M University 22.4 Department Texas Tech University 22.3 Department Missouri, Columbia, Univ of 21.3 Department Nebraska, University of 21.3 Department Uniformed Services University 21.2 Department East Tennessee State Univ 20.8 Department Missouri, Kansas City, Univ of 20.8 Department Oklahoma, University of 20.7 Department North Dakota, University of 20.6 Department Indiana University 19.3 Department California, Davis, Univ of 19.2 Department Nevada, University of 19.0 Department Loma Linda University 18.8 Department Texas, San Antonio, Univ of 18.7 Department Texas, Galveston, Univ of 18.6 Department Eastern Virginia Med School 18.4 Department Colorado, University of 18.1 Department Georgia, Medical College of 18.0 Department Wisconsin, University of 18.0 Department Utah, University of 17.9 Department California, Irvine, Univ of 17.3 Department Massachusetts, University of 17.0 Department Louisville, University of 16.7 Department Ohio State University 16.6 Department Loyola Univ of Chicago, Stritch 16.5 Department MCP Hahnemann University SOM 16.5 Department Medical College of Ohio 16.5 Department California, Los Angeles, Univ of 16.4 Department South Carolina, Medical Univ of 16.4 Department Texas, Houston, Univ of 16.3 Department Jefferson 16.1 Department Virginia Commonwealth Univ 16.0 Department Northeastern Ohio Universities 15.9 Department Wisconsin, Medical College of 15.9 Department Cincinnati, University of 15.8 Department Creighton University 15.7 Department West Virginia University 15.6 Department Louisiana State Univ, Shreveport 15.4 Department South Alabama, University of 15.4 Department Wayne State University 15.4 Department Alabama, University of 14.9 Department Mississippi, University of 14.8 Department Illinois, University of 14.6 Department Pennsylvania State Univ, Hershey 14.6 Department Rush Medical College 14.6 Department Albany Medical College 14.4 Department Administrative Percent Structure Virginia, University of 14.4 Department Southern California, Univ of 14.3 Department Tennessee, University of 14.3 Department North Carolina, University of 14.2 Department Arizona, University of 13.8 Department Bowman Gray SOM/Wake Forest U 13.8 Department Dartmouth 13.3 Department Florida, University of 12.5 Department Maryland, University of 12.5 Department Michigan, University of 12.2 Department Vermont, University of 12.1 Department Louisiana State Univ, New Orleans 11.9 Department Kentucky, University of 11.7 Department St Louis University 11.7 Department California, San Diego, Univ of 11.6 Department Temple University 11.6 Department Pittsburgh, University of 11.5 Department South Florida, University of 11.4 Department Brown University 11.1 Department Case Western Reserve Univ 10.9 Department SUNY, Syracuse 10.9 Department California, San Francisco, Univ of 10.6 Department SUNY, Buffalo 10.6 Department Chicago Med Sch, Finch Univ 10.5 Department UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson 10.0 Department Mayo 9.6 Department Texas, Southwestern, Univ of 9.4 Department Baylor College of Medicine 9.1 Department Connecticut, University of 8.7 Department Howard University 8.4 Department Miami, University of 8.4 Department Ponce School of Medicine 8.1 Department George Washington University 7.9 Division SUNY, Stony Brook 7.7 Department Tulane University 7.7 Department Stanford University 7.5 Division Emory University 7.3 Department UMDNJ-New Jersey, Newark 7.2 Department Northwestern University 6.8 Department Universidad Central del Caribe 6.7 Department New York Medical College 6.6 Department Tufts University 6.2 Department Georgetown University 6.0 Department Puerto Rico, University of 5.6 Department Boston University 5.2 Department Pennsylvania, University of 5.1 Department Washington Univ, St Louis 4.6 None Albert Einstein College of Med 4.5 Department SUNY, Brooklyn 4.5 Department Chicago, Pritzker, Univ of 4.3 None Rochester, University of 4.2 Department Vanderbilt University 4.1 Department Duke University 3.5 Department Cornell University 3.4 None Harvard 3.3 None Mount Sinai School of Medicine 1.9 None Johns Hopkins University 1.7 None New York University 1.7 None Yale University 1.6 None Columbia University 1.5 None OVERALL (124) 13.9