Hands-on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Discussion session. Literature:
|
|
- Peter Ross
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Hands-on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Discussion session Literature:
2 Program for the day General electrochemistry (shjj) Relationship between EIS and electrochemical processes (shjj) EIS techniques, (multi-sine, Laplace, etc) (shjj) Pause Interpretation of EIS signals (Effect of double layer capacitance, Angle of tail, Temperature dependencies, Blocking electrode / non-blocking) (johh) Frokost Equivalent circuits for EIS measurements, most used and why. (johh) Data integrity and verification methods (Kramers-Krönig, etc) (johh) Pause Battery characterization based on EIS parameters. (johh/shjj) Examples, questions from students Topic for next DBS meeting (Martin Søndergaard) Laboratorie tur.
3 Contents Introduction Electrode-Electrolyte Interface - The Double Layer Nernst equation and Volmer-Butler equation Electrolyte Conductivity Thermal activation
4 Electrochemistry is an Interdisciplinary Science Electricity Chemistry A simple electrochemical reaction: Metal electrode Electrolyte containing R R Electrochemistry Materials Science Physics Mathematics e- O R O + e- Electrochemical reactions largely takes places at interfaces chemistry and physics of surfaces & interfaces important!
5 Electrochemistry Some Applications Environmental Corrosion O2(g) Electroplating Water droplet e- OH-(l) Fe2+(l) Cu2+(aq) Direct oxidation of organics Electrokinetic remediation Sensors / Analytical O2(g) + 2H2O(l) + 4e- -> 4OH-(aq) Fe(s) -> + Fe2+(aq) + 2eFe2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) -> Fe(OH)2(s) 4Fe(OH)2(s) + O2(g) -> 2Fe2O3 H2O(s) + 2H2O(l) Electrochemical Machining Cu(s) Batteries Energy Storage Clark Electrode: O2 + 4 e + 2 H2O 4 OH (amperometric sensor) Anode: x Li+(l) + x e- + C6(s) -> LixC6 (s) Cathode: LixCoO2 -> Li(1-x)CoO2 + x Li+ + x e- Lambda Probe / Zirconia Sensor: Pt / O2(g) / stab. ZrO2 / O2(g) / Pt (potentiometric sensor) Fuel Cells Cu(s) Fe Electrolysers Chemicals Production by Electrolysis Electrowinning/refinement 2H2O(g) + 4e- -> 2O2-(s) + H2 (g) 2O2-(s) -> O2(g) + 4e2H2O(g) -> O2(g) + H2 (g) Gas Production is a big industry Chlor-Alkali, Hydrogen
6 Double layer Definition Electrode Electrolyte
7 Electrode potentials Definition
8 Standard Hydrogen Electrode (wikipedia) 1. platinized platinum electrode 2. hydrogen blow 3. solution of the acid with activity of H+ = 1 mol dm 3 4. hydroseal for prevention of the oxygen interference 5. reservoir through which the second halfelement of the galvanic cell should be attached. The connection can be direct, through a narrow tube to reduce mixing, or through a salt bridge, depending on the other electrode and solution. This creates an ionically conductive path to the working electrode of interest.
9 Double layer Definition Equilibrium potential : Over voltage : Capacitance : Click to edit Master text styles Second level Capacitive current : Third level Fourth level Fifth level
10 Electrode current Transient Steady state
11 Electrode reaction: Example: H2 evolution on a pt-electrode Adsorption rate depends of the number of free sites
12 Electrode reaction in equilibrium -Exhange current
13 Electrode reaction in equilibrium -Nernst equation Assuming all charged species except e- are present in the solution Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level
14 Electrode reaction -reaction rate constant relation
15 Electrode reaction -Volmer-Butler equation
16 Electrode reaction -small overvoltage
17 Equivalent circuit The total current is the sum of two currents Therefore, the equivalent circuit for the electrode/electrolyte interface is a parallel connection between a capacitor and a resistor:
18
19
20 Conductivity in Electrolytes Transition from electronic to ionic conductivity in an electrochemical cell E R I H -+ + Liquid Electrolytes Ionic solvation of NaCl - Solid Electrolytes Liquid Electrolytes ClNa + ClCl- H O Na + Na + View down the 110 plane in YSZ Cl- Na + Cl- Oxide ion Vacancy
21 Defects and Kröger Vink notation
22 An Ion in an Electric Field Probability of an ion having the energy u (Bolzmann distribution):
23
24 Electrode Kinetics Free Energy Charge Transfer Reactions have an Activation Energy H2 Arrhenius Equation r Gact 2H+ + 2e- k = Ae( Ga ct / RT ) r Go Reaction coordinate (progress)
25
26
27 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell What is the potential φ across the cell in A: OCV (0 A/cm2) B: Fuel cell operation C: Electrolysis
28 POTENTIAL, VOLT Potential Profiles in Solid Oxide Cells v4 + v2=v3 v1 Electrolyte Potential through the electrode supported cell with no current t 0 v2 POSITION v3 v1 v4 ß O-- à - V4 V1 = Emf Emf = - G/(n*F) + Electrolyte H2 + O--D H 2O + 2e - ½O2 + 2e- D O--
29 Measurement of Electrolytic Conductivity & Equivalent Circuits for Electrochemical Cells E R I - MI MIa ElectrolyteII - R- E+ E- R+ + RE C-d + C+d
30 Equivalent Circuits for Batteries LITHIUM ION BATTERIES NEW DEVELOPMENTS, Edited by Ilias Belharouak Electrochemsitry
31 Equivalent Circuits for Batteries LITHIUM ION BATTERIES NEW DEVELOPMENTS, Edited by Ilias Belharouak Electrochemsitry
32 Equivalent Circuits for Batteries LITHIUM ION BATTERIES NEW DEVELOPMENTS, Edited by Ilias Belharouak Electrochemsitry
33 Mass Transport Effects A E Efinal B C C*i t1 t2 t3 t4 Einitial t0 t Mass Transport Effects in Electrochemical Cells 1. Migration (acts on ions, electric field driven) 2. Diffusion (acts on all dissolved not solvent or balance gas - species, concentration gradient driven) 3. Convection (acts on all species, pressure gradient driven / depends on velocity of solution/gas) Diffusion in a linear diffusion field (1-D concentration gradient): Ji = D c x Nernst-Planck (Diffusion, Migration, Convection terms included) J i = D j c j zjf RT D j c j φ + c j v x
34 Polarisation of a Fuel Cell Secant Resistance: ASR = OCV U cell jcell 1.2 Emf= 1 IR-drop E [V] ηcharge-transfer 0.4 ηdiffusion iv curve A j/jlim Ucell / V Current Density / A cm-2 Differential Resistance: ASR = U cell jcell Activation region Ohmic region Mass transport region jcell 1.2
35 Concluding Remarks You are welcome to contact me if you have questions, or want more information, reading tips etc Søren Højgaard Jensen; (office) Further Reading Electrochemical Methods, A. J. Bard & L. R. Faulkner, 2nd ed., Wiley, 2001 Electrochemistry, C. H. Hamann, A. Hamnett, & W. Vielstich, 2nd ed., Wiley-VCH, 1998 Fuel Cell Fundamentals, R. O Hayre, S-W. Cha, W. Colella, F. B. Prinz, 2nd ed., Wiley, 2006
Ch 20 Electrochemistry: the study of the relationships between electricity and chemical reactions.
Ch 20 Electrochemistry: the study of the relationships between electricity and chemical reactions. In electrochemical reactions, electrons are transferred from one species to another. Learning goals and
More informationChapter 13: Electrochemistry. Electrochemistry. The study of the interchange of chemical and electrical energy.
Chapter 13: Electrochemistry Redox Reactions Galvanic Cells Cell Potentials Cell Potentials and Equilbrium Batteries Electrolysis Electrolysis and Stoichiometry Corrosion Prevention Electrochemistry The
More informationChapter 1. Introduction of Electrochemical Concepts
Chapter 1. Introduction of Electrochemical Concepts Electrochemistry concerned with the interrelation of electrical and chemical effects. Reactions involving the reactant the electron. Chemical changes
More informationDiscovering Electrochemical Cells
Discovering Electrochemical Cells Part I Electrolytic Cells Many important industrial processes PGCC CHM 102 Cell Construction e e power conductive medium What chemical species would be present in a vessel
More informationK + Cl - Metal M. Zinc 1.0 M M(NO
Redox and Electrochemistry This section should be fresh in your minds because we just did this section in the text. Closely related to electrochemistry is redox chemistry. Count on at least one question
More information5.111 Principles of Chemical Science
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science Fall 2008 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. 26.1 5.111 Lecture
More informationPractical Examples of Galvanic Cells
56 Practical Examples of Galvanic Cells There are many practical examples of galvanic cells in use in our everyday lives. We are familiar with batteries of all types. One of the most common is the lead-acid
More informationChem 1721 Brief Notes: Chapter 19
Chem 1721 Brief Notes: Chapter 19 Chapter 19: Electrochemistry Consider the same redox reaction set up 2 different ways: Cu metal in a solution of AgNO 3 Cu Cu salt bridge electrically conducting wire
More informationName Electrochemical Cells Practice Exam Date:
Name Electrochemical Cells Practice Exam Date: 1. Which energy change occurs in an operating voltaic cell? 1) chemical to electrical 2) electrical to chemical 3) chemical to nuclear 4) nuclear to chemical
More information2. Write the chemical formula(s) of the product(s) and balance the following spontaneous reactions.
1. Using the Activity Series on the Useful Information pages of the exam write the chemical formula(s) of the product(s) and balance the following reactions. Identify all products phases as either (g)as,
More informationCELL POTENTIAL, E. Terms Used for Galvanic Cells. Uses of E o Values CELL POTENTIAL, E. Galvanic Cell. Organize halfreactions
Electrons move from anode to cathode in the wire. Anions & cations move thru the salt bridge. Terms Used for Galvanic Cells Galvanic Cell We can calculate the potential of a Galvanic cell using one of
More informationo Electrons are written in half reactions but not in net ionic equations. Why? Well, let s see.
REDOX REACTION EQUATIONS AND APPLICATIONS Overview of Redox Reactions: o Change in Oxidation State: Loses Electrons = Oxidized (Oxidation number increases) Gains Electrons = Reduced (Oxidation Number Reduced)
More informationElectrochemistry. Chapter 18 Electrochemistry and Its Applications. Redox Reactions. Redox Reactions. Redox Reactions
John W. Moore Conrad L. Stanitski Peter C. Jurs http://academic.cengage.com/chemistry/moore Chapter 18 Electrochemistry and Its Applications Stephen C. Foster Mississippi State University Electrochemistry
More informationRedox and Electrochemistry
Name: Thursday, May 08, 2008 Redox and Electrochemistry 1. A diagram of a chemical cell and an equation are shown below. When the switch is closed, electrons will flow from 1. the Pb(s) to the Cu(s) 2+
More informationGalvanic Cells. SCH4U7 Ms. Lorenowicz. Tuesday, December 6, 2011
Galvanic Cells SCH4U7 Ms. Lorenowicz 1 Electrochemistry Concepts 1.Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one reactant to another 2.Electric current is a flow of electrons in a circuit
More informationGalvanic cell and Nernst equation
Galvanic cell and Nernst equation Galvanic cell Some times called Voltaic cell Spontaneous reaction redox reaction is used to provide a voltage and an electron flow through some electrical circuit When
More informationElectrochemistry - ANSWERS
Electrochemistry - ANSWERS 1. Using a table of standard electrode potentials, predict if the following reactions will occur spontaneously as written. a) Al 3+ + Ni Ni 2+ + Al Al 3+ + 3e - Al E = -1.68
More informationElectrochemistry Worksheet
Electrochemistry Worksheet 1. Assign oxidation numbers to each atom in the following: a. P 4 O 6 b. BiO 3 c. N 2 H 4 d. Mg(BrO 4 ) 2 e. MnSO 4 f. Mn(SO 4 ) 2 2. For each of the reactions below identify
More informationElectrochemical Kinetics ( Ref. :Bard and Faulkner, Oldham and Myland, Liebhafsky and Cairns) R f = k f * C A (2) R b = k b * C B (3)
Electrochemical Kinetics ( Ref. :Bard and Faulkner, Oldham and Myland, Liebhafsky and Cairns) 1. Background Consider the reaction given below: A B (1) If k f and k b are the rate constants of the forward
More information1332 CHAPTER 18 Sample Questions
1332 CHAPTER 18 Sample Questions Couple E 0 Couple E 0 Br 2 (l) + 2e 2Br (aq) +1.06 V AuCl 4 + 3e Au + 4Cl +1.00 V Ag + + e Ag +0.80 V Hg 2+ 2 + 2e 2 Hg +0.79 V Fe 3+ (aq) + e Fe 2+ (aq) +0.77 V Cu 2+
More informationUseful charge on one mole of electrons: 9.64 x 10 4 coulombs/mol e - = F F is the Faraday constant
Electrochemistry II: Cell voltage and Gibbs Free energy Reading: Moore chapter 19, sections 15.6-15.12 Questions for Review and Thought: 36, 40, 42, 44, 50, 54, 60, 64, 70 Key Concepts and Skills: definition
More informationElectrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS): A Powerful and Cost- Effective Tool for Fuel Cell Diagnostics
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS): A Powerful and Cost- Effective Tool for Fuel Cell Diagnostics Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is a powerful diagnostic tool that you can use to
More informationCHM1 Review Exam 12. Topics REDOX
CHM1 Review Exam 12 Topics REDOX REDOX Reactions Oxidation Reduction Oxidizing agent Reducing agent Galvanic (Voltaic) Cells Anode Cathode Salt bridge Electrolyte Half-reactions Voltage o Positive voltages
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Chemistry 1C-Dr. Larson Chapter 20 Review Questions MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) is reduced in the following reaction: Cr2O7
More informationChemistry 122 Mines, Spring 2014
Chemistry 122 Mines, Spring 2014 Answer Key, Problem Set 9 1. 18.44(c) (Also indicate the sign on each electrode, and show the flow of ions in the salt bridge.); 2. 18.46 (do this for all cells in 18.44
More informationElectrochemistry Voltaic Cells
Electrochemistry Voltaic Cells Many chemical reactions can be classified as oxidation-reduction or redox reactions. In these reactions one species loses electrons or is oxidized while another species gains
More informationCHAPTER 21 ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Chapter 21: Electrochemistry Page 1 CHAPTER 21 ELECTROCHEMISTRY 21-1. Consider an electrochemical cell formed from a Cu(s) electrode submerged in an aqueous Cu(NO 3 ) 2 solution and a Cd(s) electrode submerged
More informationReview: Balancing Redox Reactions. Review: Balancing Redox Reactions
Review: Balancing Redox Reactions Determine which species is oxidized and which species is reduced Oxidation corresponds to an increase in the oxidation number of an element Reduction corresponds to a
More informationPreliminary Concepts. Preliminary Concepts. Class 8.3 Oxidation/Reduction Reactions and Electrochemistry I. Friday, October 15 Chem 462 T.
Class 8.3 Oxidation/Reduction Reactions and Electrochemistry I Friday, October 15 Chem 462 T. Hughbanks Preliminary Concepts Electrochemistry: the electrical generation of, or electrical exploitation of
More informationElectrochemistry Revised 04/29/15
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTROCHEMISTRY: CURRENT, VOLTAGE, BATTERIES, & THE NERNST EQUATION Experiment partially adapted from J. Chem. Educ., 2008, 85 (8), p 1116 Introduction Electrochemical cell In this experiment,
More informationreduction ore = metal oxides metal oxidation
Cathodic Protection and Interferences René Gregoor Madrid, June 18 th and 19 th 2009 1 Cathodic protection and interferences Corrosion Cathodic protection Protection criterion ON potential measurements
More informationName AP CHEM / / Collected Essays Chapter 17 Answers
Name AP CHEM / / Collected Essays Chapter 17 Answers 1980 - #2 M(s) + Cu 2+ (aq) M 2+ (aq) + Cu(s) For the reaction above, E = 0.740 volt at 25 C. (a) Determine the standard electrode potential for the
More informationELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
1 ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS Allessandra Volta (1745-1827) invented the electric cell in 1800 A single cell is also called a voltaic cell, galvanic cell or electrochemical cell. Volta joined several cells together
More informationChapter 21a Electrochemistry: The Electrolytic Cell
Electrochemistry Chapter 21a Electrochemistry: The Electrolytic Cell Electrochemical reactions are oxidation-reduction reactions. The two parts of the reaction are physically separated. The oxidation reaction
More informationAn Introduction to Electrochemical Impedance Measurement
An Introduction to Electrochemical Impedance Measurement Technical Report No. 6 An Introduction to Electrochemical Impedance Measurement N D Cogger and N J Evans Technical Report No. 6 Part No.: BTR006
More informationEXPERIMENT #9 CORROSION OF METALS
EXPERIMENT #9 CORROSION OF METALS Objective The objective of this experiment is to measure the corrosion rate of two different metals and to show the effectiveness of the use of inhibitors to protect metals
More informationENERGY CARRIERS AND CONVERSION SYSTEMS Vol. I - Alkaline Water Electrolysis - Isao Abe
ALKALINE WATER ELECTROLYSIS Isao Abe Office Tera, Chiba, Japan Keywords: Water electrolysis, alkaline, hydrogen, electrode, diaphragm, high pressure high temperature electrolyser, cell, electrocatalyst
More informationExperiment 9 Electrochemistry I Galvanic Cell
9-1 Experiment 9 Electrochemistry I Galvanic Cell Introduction: Chemical reactions involving the transfer of electrons from one reactant to another are called oxidation-reduction reactions or redox reactions.
More informationReaction Engineering of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Reaction Engineering of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells A new approach to elucidate the operation and control of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells is being developed. A global reactor
More informationGalvanic Cells and the Nernst Equation
Exercise 7 Page 1 Illinois Central College CHEMISTRY 132 Laboratory Section: Galvanic Cells and the Nernst Equation Name: Equipment Voltage probe wires 0.1 M solutions of Pb(NO 3, Fe(NO 3 ) 3, and KNO
More informationQuestion Bank Electrolysis
Question Bank Electrolysis 1. (a) What do you understand by the terms (i) electrolytes (ii) non-electrolytes? (b) Arrange electrolytes and non-electrolytes from the following substances (i) sugar solution
More informationCHAPTER 13: Electrochemistry and Cell Voltage
CHAPTER 13: Electrochemistry and Cell Voltage In this chapter: More about redox reactions Cells, standard states, voltages, half-cell potentials Relationship between G and voltage and electrical work Equilibrium
More informationLEAD-ACID STORAGE CELL
3.14 MATERIALS LABORATORY MODULE BETA 1 NOVEMBER 13 17, 26 GEETHA P. BERERA LEAD-ACID STORAGE CELL OBJECTIVES: Understand the relationship between Gibbs Free Energy and Electrochemical Cell Potential.
More informationIII. Reaction Kinetics
III. Reaction Kinetics Lecture 13: Butler-Volmer equation Notes by ChangHoon Lim (and MZB) 1. Interfacial Equilibrium At lecture 11, the reaction rate R for the general Faradaic half-cell reaction was
More informationChemia Fizyczna Physical chemistry
Załącznik do zarządzenia nr 110 Rektora UMK z dnia 17 lipca 2013 r. Formularz opisu przedmiotu (formularz sylabusa) na studiach wyższych, doktoranckich, podyplomowych i kursach dokształcających A. Ogólny
More informationChemistry B11 Chapter 4 Chemical reactions
Chemistry B11 Chapter 4 Chemical reactions Chemical reactions are classified into five groups: A + B AB Synthesis reactions (Combination) H + O H O AB A + B Decomposition reactions (Analysis) NaCl Na +Cl
More informationAP Chemistry CHAPTER 20- Electrochemistry 20.1 Oxidation States
AP Chemistry CHAPTER 20- Electrochemistry 20.1 Oxidation States Chemical reactions in which the oxidation state of a substance changes are called oxidation-reduction reactions (redox reactions). Oxidation
More informationThe Electrical Control of Chemical Reactions E3-1
Experiment 3 The Electrical Control of Chemical Reactions E3-1 E3-2 The Task In this experiment you will explore the processes of oxidation and reduction, in which electrons flow between materials, and
More informationFUEL CELL FUNDAMENTALS
FUEL CELL FUNDAMENTALS RYAN P. O'HAYRE Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Colorado School of Mines [PhD, Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University] SUK-WON CHA School of
More informationIntroduction to electrolysis - electrolytes and non-electrolytes
Introduction to electrolysis - electrolytes and non-electrolytes Electrolysis is the process of electrically inducing chemical changes in a conducting melt or solution e.g. splitting an ionic compound
More informationCorrelation of Nelson Chemistry Alberta 20 30 to the Alberta Chemistry 20 30 Curriculum
Correlation of Nelson Chemistry Alberta 20 30 to the Alberta Chemistry 20 30 Curriculum Unit 5 Organic Chemistry General Outcomes Students will: 1. explore organic compounds as a common form of matter
More informationDesalination of Sea Water E7-1
Experiment 7 Desalination of Sea Water E7-1 E7-2 The Task The goal of this experiment is to investigate the nature and some properties of sea water. Skills At the end of the laboratory session you should
More informationControl of High Efficiency PEM Fuel Cells for Long Life, Low Power Applications Part I
Control of High Efficiency PEM Fuel Cells for Long Life, Low Power Applications Part I Jekanthan Thangavelautham Postdoctoral Associate Field and Space Robotics Laboratory Motivation Conventional Power
More informationA Potentiometric Analysis of Fluoride Ion in Toothpaste
CHEM 311L Quantitative Analysis Laboratory Revision 2.0 A Potentiometric Analysis of Fluoride Ion in Toothpaste In this laboratory exercise, we will analyze a toothpaste sample for its Fluoride Ion (F
More information12. REDOX EQUILIBRIA
12. REDOX EQUILIBRIA The electrochemical series (reference table) 12.1. Redox reactions 12.2. Standard electrode potentials 12.3. Calculations involving electrochemical cells 12.4. Using Eʅ values to predict
More informationA Review of the Construction of Electrochemical Cells
CHEM331 Physical Chemistry Revision 2.0 A Review of the Construction of Electrochemical Cells Electrochemical cells provide us with our first real example of a system which performs non-pv work. The work
More informationTheoretical and Experimental Modeling of Multi-Species Transport in Soils Under Electric Fields
United States National Risk Management Environmental Protection Research Laboratory Agency Cincinnati, OH 45268 Research and Development EPA/6/SR-97/54 August 997 Project Summary Theoretical and Experimental
More informationFigure 1. A voltaic cell Cu,Cu 2+ Ag +, Ag. gas is, by convention, assigned a reduction potential of 0.00 V.
Voltaic Cells Introduction In this lab you will first prepare a set of simple standard half-cells and then measure the voltage between the half-cells with a voltmeter. From this data you will be able to
More informationEfficiency and Open Circuit Voltage
2 Efficiency and Open Circuit Voltage In this chapter we consider the efficiency of fuel cells how it is defined and calculated, and what the limits are. The energy considerations give us information about
More informationAP* Chemistry ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Terms to Know: AP* Chemistry ELECTROCHEMISTRY the study of the interchange of chemical and electrical energy OIL RIG oxidation is loss, reduction is gain (of electrons) Oxidation the loss of electrons,
More informationGALVANIC MODEL FOR LOCALIZED CO2 CORROSION
Paper No. 687 GALVANIC MODEL FOR LOCALIZED CO CORROSION Jiabin Han, Srdjan Nešić and Bruce N. Brown Institute for Corrosion and Multiphase Technology Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
More informationInstructions Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked.
GCSE CHEMISTRY Higher Tier Chemistry 1H H Specimen 2018 Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes Materials For this paper you must have: a ruler a calculator the periodic table (enclosed). Instructions Answer all
More informationAtomic Structure. Atoms consist of: Nucleus: Electrons Atom is electrically balanced equal electrons and protons. Protons Neutrons
Basics of Corrosion Performance Metals Sacrificial anode manufacturer Specialize in aluminum alloy anodes All products made in the USA (Berks county, PA) ISO9001/2001 Certified Quality System Also traditional
More informationFinite Element Modules for Enhancing Undergraduate Transport Courses: Application to Fuel Cell Fundamentals
Finite Element Modules for Enhancing Undergraduate Transport Courses: Application to Fuel Cell Fundamentals Originally published in 2007 American Society for Engineering Education Conference Proceedings
More informationDetermining Equivalent Weight by Copper Electrolysis
Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to determine the equivalent mass of copper based on change in the mass of a copper electrode and the volume of hydrogen gas generated during an electrolysis reaction.
More informationElectrochemical Half Cells and Reactions
Suggested reading: Chang text pages 81 89 Cautions Heavy metals, such as lead, and solutions of heavy metals may be toxic and an irritant. Purpose To determine the cell potential (E cell ) for various
More informationIWE slide: 1, 9/17/2009
International Symposium on Diagnostics Tools for Fuel Cell Technologies Impedance Spectroscopy as a Diagnosis Tool for SOFC Stacks and Systems André Weber, Dino Klotz, Volker Sonn, Ellen Ivers-Tiffée ()
More informationHow Sensors Work. How Oxygen, Electrochemical Toxic, and Metal Oxide Semiconductor Sensors Work *
How Oxygen, Electrochemical Toxic, and Metal Oxide Semiconductor Sensors Work * 1. Oxygen sensor detection principle Most portable or survey instruments used for workplace evaluation of oxygen concentrations
More informationStorage technologies/research, from physics and chemistry to engineering
Storage technologies/research, from physics and chemistry to engineering Professor Nigel Brandon OBE FREng Director, Sustainable Gas Institute Director Energy Storage Research Network Co-Director, ENERGY
More informationScience Standard Articulated by Grade Level Strand 5: Physical Science
Concept 1: Properties of Objects and Materials Classify objects and materials by their observable properties. Kindergarten Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 PO 1. Identify the following observable properties
More informationENERGY TRANSFER SYSTEMS AND THEIR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
ENERGY TRANSFER SYSTEMS AND THEIR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS Many mechanical energy systems are devoted to transfer of energy between two points: the source or prime mover (input) and the load (output). For chemical
More informationRajesh Swaminathan. March 13, 2005
Chemistry 12 IB Corrosion of Iron Rajesh Swaminathan March 13, 2005 1 Planning A 1.1 Aim The aim of the experiment is to investigate factors that affect the rate of corrosion of iron. More specifically,
More information4. Using the data from Handout 5, what is the standard enthalpy of formation of BaO (s)? What does this mean?
HOMEWORK 3A 1. In each of the following pairs, tell which has the higher entropy. (a) One mole of liquid water or one mole of water vapor (b) One mole of dry ice or one mole of carbon dioxide at 1 atm
More informationwhite paper reviews why the chlor-alkali process is so damaging to ph electrodes and discusses a sensor design that has
INGOLD White Paper Leading Process Analytics No More Tears Elevated temperatures, presence of chlorine and high salt concentration throughout the chlor-alkali process make stable and reliable ph measurement
More informationCambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education *0123456789* CHEMISTRY 0620/03 Paper 3 Theory (Core) For Examination from 2016 SPECIMEN PAPER 1 hour
More informationChemical Reactions in Water Ron Robertson
Chemical Reactions in Water Ron Robertson r2 f:\files\courses\1110-20\2010 possible slides for web\waterchemtrans.doc Properties of Compounds in Water Electrolytes and nonelectrolytes Water soluble compounds
More informationThe Potentiodynamic Polarization Scan. Technical Report 33
Technical Report 33 Technical Report 33 David G Enos Center for Electrochemical Science & Engineering Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA Louie L Scribner
More informationCorrosion experiments in amine solutions
Corrosion experiments in amine solutions Andreas Grimstvedt Process technology SINTEF Materials and chemistry Wenle He Applied mechanics and corrosion SINTEF Materials and chemistry 1 Contents of presentation
More informationGalvanic and electrolytic cells
Galvanic and electrolytic cells Electrochemical reactions In Grade 11, you carried out an experiment to see what happens when zinc granules are added to a solution of copper(ii) sulfate. Figure 1: When
More informationBoyle s law - For calculating changes in pressure or volume: P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2. Charles law - For calculating temperature or volume changes: V 1 T 1
Common Equations Used in Chemistry Equation for density: d= m v Converting F to C: C = ( F - 32) x 5 9 Converting C to F: F = C x 9 5 + 32 Converting C to K: K = ( C + 273.15) n x molar mass of element
More informationA SHORT INTRODUCTION TO CORROSION AND ITS CONTROL
A SHORT INTRODUCTION TO CORROSION AND ITS CONTROL CORROSION OF METALS AND ITS PREVENTION WHAT IS CORROSION Corrosion is the deterioration of materials by chemical interaction with their environment. The
More informationChapter 5: Diffusion. 5.1 Steady-State Diffusion
: Diffusion Diffusion: the movement of particles in a solid from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, resulting in the uniform distribution of the substance Diffusion is process
More information13.10: How Series and Parallel Circuits Differ pg. 571
13.10: How Series and Parallel Circuits Differ pg. 571 Key Concepts: 5. Connecting loads in series and parallel affects the current, potential difference, and total resistance. - Using your knowledge of
More informationElectrochemistry. Pre-Lab Assignment. Purpose. Background. Experiment 12
Experiment 12 Electrochemistry Pre-Lab Assignment Before coming to lab: Read the lab thoroughly. Answer the pre-lab questions that appear at the end of this lab exercise. The questions should be answered
More informationBuilding Electrochemical Cells
Cautions Heavy metals, such as lead, and solutions of heavy metals may be toxic and an irritant. Purpose To determine the cell potential (E cell ) for various voltaic cells and compare the data with the
More information4 theoretical problems 2 practical problems
1 st 4 theoretical problems 2 practical problems FIRST INTERNATIONAL CHEMISTRY OLYMPIAD PRAGUE 1968 CZECHOSLOVAKIA THEORETICAL PROBLEMS PROBLEM 1 A mixture of hydrogen and chlorine kept in a closed flask
More informationEDEXCEL INTERNATIONAL GCSE CHEMISTRY EDEXCEL CERTIFICATE IN CHEMISTRY ANSWERS SECTION C
EDEXCEL INTERNATIONAL GCSE CHEMISTRY EDEXCEL CERTIFICATE IN CHEMISTRY ANSWERS SECTION C Chapter 16 1. Burn sulfur in air to give sulfur dioxide. S(s) + O 2 (g) ----> SO 2 (g) Pass this with more air over
More informationGCE. Chemistry A. Mark Scheme for June 2010. Advanced GCE F325 Equilibria, Energetics and Elements. Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations
GCE Chemistry A Advanced GCE F325 Equilibria, Energetics and Elements Mark Scheme for June 2010 Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA) is a leading UK awarding body, providing
More informationTechnical Info Sheet. Ionic contamination testing in a no-clean soldering process. Scope
Scope This document provides information about ionic contamination testing and its relevance in a no-clean. Also so-called C3 testing and ROSE (Resistivity of Solvent Extract) testing are forms of ionic
More informationChemistry Diagnostic Questions
Chemistry Diagnostic Questions Answer these 40 multiple choice questions and then check your answers, located at the end of this document. If you correctly answered less than 25 questions, you need to
More informationHonors Chemistry: Unit 6 Test Stoichiometry PRACTICE TEST ANSWER KEY Page 1. A chemical equation. (C-4.4)
Honors Chemistry: Unit 6 Test Stoichiometry PRACTICE TEST ANSWER KEY Page 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Question What is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction? What 3 things (values) is a mole of a chemical
More informationIB Chemistry 1 Mole. One atom of C-12 has a mass of 12 amu. One mole of C-12 has a mass of 12 g. Grams we can use more easily.
The Mole Atomic mass units and atoms are not convenient units to work with. The concept of the mole was invented. This was the number of atoms of carbon-12 that were needed to make 12 g of carbon. 1 mole
More informationBattery Thermal Management and Design. Scott Stanton Xiao Hu. 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Battery Thermal Management and Design Scott Stanton Xiao Hu ANSYS, Inc. 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Outline Battery thermal management using CFD Battery system thermal
More informationPart I Fundamentals and General Aspects of Electrochemical Energy Storage
1 Part I Fundamentals and General Aspects of Electrochemical Energy Storage Handbook of Battery Materials, Second Edition. Edited by Claus Daniel and Jürgen O. Besenhard. 2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.
More informationSYLLABUS. Semester: Spring 2009. Requirements: Text: General Chemistry. 9 th Edition, Chang, 2007
SYLLABUS Course: General Chemistry II: CHEM-1100-001 Lecture: 10:30 AM-12:00 PM Tues. & Thurs. in Room 6068 Recitation: 12:00 PM-12:50 PM in Room 3066 Laboratory: 01:00-03:50 PM Wed. in Room 3066 Semester:
More informationThis value, called the ionic product of water, Kw, is related to the equilibrium constant of water
HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION - ph VALUES AND BUFFER SOLUTIONS 1. INTRODUCTION Water has a small but definite tendency to ionise. H 2 0 H + + OH - If there is nothing but water (pure water) then the concentration
More informationEVALUATION OF DC CURRENT THERAPY IN MAMMARY CANCER TUMOR
EVALUATION OF DC CURRENT THERAPY IN MAMMARY CANCER TUMOR MARCOS TELLÓ PUCRS, AV. IPIRANGA, 6681 CEP: 90619-900 LUCIANA OLIVEIRA DE OLIVEIRA UFRGS AV. PAULO GAMA 110 CEP 90040-060 ROSEMARI TERESINHA DE
More informationAP Chemistry 2009 Free-Response Questions Form B
AP Chemistry 009 Free-Response Questions Form B The College Board The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded
More informationPROCEDURE: Part A. Activity Series and Simple Galvanic Cells
Experiment 21G ELECTROCHEMISTRY: GALVANIC CELLS AND BATTERIES FV 2/8/11 MATERIALS: Ag, Cu, Zn strips; sandpaper; 20d bright common nails (2); 0.25 M solutions of AgNO 3, Cu(NO 3 ) 2, Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ; 1.0
More information