UK Service Industries: definition, classification and evolution. Jacqui Jones Office for National Statistics
|
|
- Spencer Walker
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 UK Service Industries: definition, classification and evolution Jacqui Jones Office for National Statistics Section 1: Introduction Industries classified to services now contribute more to the UK economy than any other industry. Over time, their contribution has increased from an estimated 46% in 1948 to 78% in The increasing economic contribution from service industries has simultaneously seen decreases in the production and agriculture industries, with production experiencing the largest decrease in its contribution to the UK economy, from an estimated 42% in 1948 to 15% in In contrast, since 1948, the contribution of construction industries has remained relatively stable at between 6% and 7%. Over the decades, the service industries have changed. To keep pace with these changes, the industry classification has been reviewed and updated. This hierarchical classification provides an essential framework to ensure a common language for both the compilation and presentation of statistics, by acting as the basic instrument for categorising phenomena of the real world. In the UK, official statistics classify industries using the UK Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities (UKSIC), which is legislatively aligned to international classifications. Under European regulation all statistics involving industrial classification produced by European Union (EU) member states must be compiled using the standard classification system. Examples include national accounts, structural business statistics and short term statistics. Member states are, however, allowed national versions of the classification if they fit into the structural and hierarchical framework of the European classification and are approved by the European Commission. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of: How the service industries are defined and classified to UKSIC. How UKSIC has changed over time. Registered and unregistered businesses. The evolution of the UK service industries. A companion to this paper is Coverage and Measurement of E commerce, which will be published on 6 September 2013.
2 Section 2: Key points from the paper 2.1 Defining and classifying the service industries To keep pace with economic changes, the international aligned UKSIC has been reviewed and updated seven times since it was established in In official statistics, different business structures are recognised and classified as statistical units, according to internationally agreed definitions (see tables 3 and 4). This is based on each unit s principal activity, which is the activity contributing the most to the total value added of that unit. To ensure that the value added of unregistered businesses is included in the measurement of GDP, adjustments are made as part of the annual national accounts Supply and Use balancing process. Estimated unregistered business adjustments are made at a detailed classification class level and vary by industry (see Section 4). 2.2 Evolution of the UK service industries (see Section 5) In 1948, UK service industries contributed an estimated 46% to UK gross domestic product (GDP), and by 2012 this had increased to 78%. In contrast, the production industries declined from an estimated contribution of 42% in 1948 to 15% in 2012 and the agriculture industries declined from an estimated contribution of 6% in 1948 to less than 1% in Since 1948, construction industries have remained relatively stable in their contribution to the UK economy, at between 6 and 7%. Across the services, production, construction and agricultural industries, the highest percentage point (pp) changes between 1948 and 2012, were in manufacturing and insurance, banking and real estate, with manufacturing declining by 25.6 pp and insurance, banking and real estate increasing by 14.1 pp. The percentage of people employed in service industries was estimated to have increased from 44% in 1948 to 85% in In contrast, the percentage of people employed in production industries was estimated to have decreased from 45% in 1948 to 10% in 2012 and the percentage employed in agriculture industries decreased from 5% in 1948 to less than 1% in Similar to its economic contribution to the UK economy, the percentage employed in construction industries remained fairly stable but declined by an estimated 2.4 pp between 1948 and One of the striking differences between industries employment and contribution to GDP can be seen in the insurance, banking and real estate industry. Comparing 1948 with 2012, the number of people employed in this industry increased by only an estimated 3 pp; however, from a contribution to GDP perspective, comparing 1948 with 2012 the insurance, banking and real estate industry increased by 14.1 pp. Much of the increase in the proportion of people employed in these industries occurred between 1948 and the late 1970s, with the later changes in the proportion of GVA being due to increasing productivity as the industries have fundamentally changed.
3 Section 3: The Services Industries 3.1 Defining service industries Service industries comprise businesses whose principal activity (the activity contributing the most to the unit s total value added) is to provide service products. Under European definitions: Service products are entities over which ownership rights cannot be established. They cannot be traded separately from their production (Eurostat, 2009, p. 2). Businesses in service industries are involved in activities such as retail, transport, distribution, and accommodation and food. At a European level these activities are defined in relation to the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community (NACE); by European legislation UKSIC is updated and aligned to NACE. Table 1 provides an overview of the UKSIC 2007 sections, included in the service industries. Table 1: UKSIC Sections included in the service industry Components of the Service Industries as represented in the Index of Services Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles Transportation and storage Accommodation and food service activities Information and communication Financial and insurance activities Real estate activities Professional, scientific and technical activities Administrative and support service activities Public administration and defence; compulsory social security Education Human health and social work activities Arts, entertainment and recreation Other service activities Activities of households as employers UK SIC Section G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T 3.2 The Standard Industrial Classification What is the UK Standard Industrial Classification? UKSIC was introduced in 1948 as a classification system for classifying business establishments and other statistical units by the type of economic activity in which they are engaged. UKSIC is aligned to the United Nations International Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities (ISIC) and at the European level to NACE (further information on these classifications can be found in Jones and Hidiroglou, pp ). UKSIC provides a framework for the collection, tabulation, presentation and analysis of data, and its use promotes uniformity. In addition, it can be used for administrative purposes and by nongovernment bodies as a convenient way of classifying industrial activities into a common structure.
4 UKSIC is a hierarchical classification system structured by sections, divisions, groups, classes, and in some instances subclasses. Table 2 provides an extract of the UKSIC structure for Section J: Information and Communication. Table 2: UKSIC 2007, extract of the UKSIC structure for Section J: Information and Communication Division Group Class Description and Subclass 58 Publishing activities 58.1 Publishing of books, periodicals and other publishing activities Book publishing Publishing of directories and mailing lists Publishing of newspapers Publishing of journals and periodicals 58.14/1 Publishing of learned journals 58.14/2 Publishing of consumer, business and professional journals and periodicals Other publishing activities 58.2 Software publishing Publishing of computer games Other software publishing 59 Motion picture, video and television programme production, sound recording and music publishing activities 59.1 Motion picture, video and television programme activities Motion picture, video and television programme production activities Etc. UKSIC is used as the industrial classification system for classifying businesses to industrial sections, divisions, groups, classes and subclasses on the Inter Departmental Business Register (IDBR), which is used as the business survey sampling frame in the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and some other Government departments How the UK Standard Industrial Classification has changed overtime To ensure industrial classifications keep up to date with economic changes, international, European and national industrial classifications are periodically reviewed. Since 1948 UKSIC has been updated in 1958, 1968, 1980, 1992, 1997, 2003 and The latest UKSIC classification review, in 2007, substantially increased the classification detail to reflect different forms of production and emerging new industries. The previous version of UKSIC (2003) had 17 sections and 62 divisions; UKSIC (2007) has 21 sections and 88 divisions (ONS, 2009). The detail of the classification in UKSIC 2007 was substantially increased especially for serviceproducing activities. For the service industries five new sections were introduced: - Section J: Information and Communication - Section L: Real Estate Activities - Section M: Professional, Scientific and Technical Services - Section N: Administrative and Support Services - Section R: Arts, Entertainment and Recreation The introduction of Section J (Information and Communication) in the 2007 UKSIC was a major change. It contains 26 four digit level classes and pulled together service activities previously
5 dispersed across the industrial classification system. These include publishing, motion pictures and sound recording industries, broadcasting (radio and TV industries), telecommunications, Internet activities and other new services. 3.3 How businesses are classified to the service industries Nowadays more and more businesses perform more than one type of activity. For example, supermarkets often sell clothes and household goods as well as food; they also may sell services such as insurance and provide banking services. The variety of types of activities provides an industrial classification challenge of classifying businesses according to their principal business activity as laid down in international guidance. From both a sampling and administrative data perspective, businesses need to be classified to an industry. The structure of businesses can vary, for example: global businesses, with offices located in different countries; multi site businesses located in one particular country; and single site businesses. In official statistics, different business structures are recognised and classified to statistical units, according to internationally agreed definitions (see tables 3 and 4) as described in the Council Regulation on statistical units. Further information on classifying business can be found in Smith (2013) pp , and United Nations (2007). Statistical units formed from registered businesses (i.e. businesses registered for Value Added Tax (VAT) and/or Pay as You Earn (PAYE)) are included on the central business survey sampling frame (for the UK this is the ONS IDBR) and coded to an industrial section, division, group, class and subclass. Table 3: Business statistical units Type of Unit Enterprise Local unit (or establishment) Enterprise group Description A business under autonomous and single control, usually producing a single set of accounts. A single site (geographic location) where a business operates. A group of enterprises under common ownership. Additional types of business units less commonly used in practice, as they are more difficult to correctly identify, are: Table 4: Additional business statistical units Type of Unit Kind of activity unit Local kind of activity unit Description All the parts of an enterprise undertaking a single activity according to a classification system. A single activity taking place in a single geographic location (i.e. a local unit or subdivision of it). According to international guidance, each statistical unit on the business register is classified to UKSIC by their principal activity which is: the activity which contributes most to the total value added of that unit (ONS, 2009).
6 The statistical unit may be an enterprise, local unit, kind of activity unit or local kind of activity unit. Each statistical unit must, however, be a specific entity that cannot be confused with any other statistical unit. Accurately recoding the value added of each statistical unit is challenging from a measurement, collection and maintenance perspective. International guidance recognises this and allows for the use of other indicators as an approximation for value added such as employment and turnover. In the ONS IDBR the principal activity is based on employment where there is a local unit present or PAYE record; if only registered for VAT, the principal activity is determined from VAT data. Once a statistical unit has been identified it is allocated a UKSIC code based on its principal activity. The information used to code statistical units to UKSIC comes from a variety of sources such as: Her Majesty s Revenue and Customs (HMRC) business descriptions from VAT data. HMRC Pay as You Earn data. Companies House descriptions from company registrations and annual accounts. The ONS annual Business Register and Employment Survey. ONS business profiling team. Ensuring and maintaining the accuracy of the IDBR is essential to the production of official economic statistics. IDBR maintenance is therefore regularly undertaken to review statistical units and their UKSIC codes. UKSIC codes are allocated using either automatic or manual coding (see Jones and Hidiroglou, 2013, pp ). For manual coding, decision trees are used to inform the correct allocation of codes. Figure 1 below represents the decision tree for the allocation of a retail statistical unit to a specific class in division 47 Retail trade. First, the retail statistical unit must be classified into in store or not in store (e.g. mail order, catalogues or online). Once this has been established, further decisions are taken on the type of retail activity (e.g. stores selling food predominantly or specialised stores such as department stores).
7 Figure 1: UKSIC, Retail Trade decision tree Retail trade (Division 47) In stores Not in stores Specialised Non specialised 47.1 Food predominating Other Via stalls & markets 47.8 Others 47.9 Note: further subdivisions are made according to products. Section 4: Registered and unregistered businesses The ONS IDBR, used as the sample frame for ONS and some other government departments business surveys, includes all UK businesses registered for either Value Added Tax (VAT) or Pay As You Earn (PAYE). In March 2012, the registered business population was estimated to be 2.15 million enterprises, compared with 2.08 million in March ,000 of the 68,000 increase was due to improvements to HMRC computer systems, whereby previously registered businesses had not been included (ONS, 3 October 2012). In contrast, the estimated number of unregistered businesses was higher than registered businesses. At the start of 2012, there were an estimated 2.7 million unregistered businesses. Between the start of 2011 and 2012, estimates of unregistered businesses increased by 170,000. Most of the increase was from an increase in unregistered sole proprietorships, which increased by 161,000 (Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS), 17 October, 2012). Unregistered businesses (e.g. smaller non employing businesses including a large proportion of self employed sole proprietors and partnerships) are not easily identifiable in administrative systems. It would therefore be difficult to maintain a register of unregistered businesses to be used as a sampling frame. Including unregistered businesses in surveys would also pose an additional burden on them. To overcome this issue and to ensure that the value added of unregistered businesses is included in the measurement of GDP, adjustments are made as part of the annual national accounts Supply and Use balancing process. These adjustments are based on periodic analysis using additional data from HMRC and use assessments of turnover by businesses not covered by the IDBR to estimate under coverage of output, intermediate consumption and gross value added.
8 The analysis is undertaken at the detailed UKSIC class level and adjustments are aggregated and applied to unbalanced Supply and Use industry data at the UKSIC or 3 digit level; this is because individual industries have different proportions of unregistered businesses. To ensure that these adjustments are kept up to date, ONS is currently repeating the analysis of unregistered businesses; any changes will be included in the UK National Accounts Blue Book Tables 5 and 6 show examples of the largest and smallest unregistered business industry adjustments, the figures represent the percentage uplifts applied to both market sector industry output and intermediate consumption data from the Annual Business Survey during the Supply and Use process. The contribution of the adjustments to final balanced estimates of output and intermediate consumption and hence gross value added can vary due to other coverage, conceptual and coherence adjustments applied later on during the balancing process. Table 5: Examples of industries with high contributions from unregistered businesses (based on Supply and Use analysis) Industry Estimated missing output and intermediate consumption from unregistered businesses (%) Land transport services and transport services via pipelines, 17.3 excluding rail transport 59 Motion picture, video and TV programme production services, 7.3 sound recording & music publishing 93 Sports services and amusement and recreation services Other personal service activities Food and beverage serving services Accommodation services 4.8 Table 6: Examples of industries with low contributions from unregistered businesses (based on Supply and Use analysis) Industry Estimated missing output and intermediate consumption from unregistered businesses (%) 53 Postal and courier services Motor vehicles, trailers and semi trailers Manufacture of grain mill products, starches and starch products Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas Manufacture of alcoholic beverages 0.0 In the estimation of GDP, what is more important is not the number of unregistered businesses but the value of their economic activity. In relation to some speculation that the contribution of unregistered businesses has increased since the financial crisis, BIS estimates show relatively stable proportions of unregistered business turnover to total turnover between 2006 and 2012 (see Table 7). Any under coverage will most probably impact on GDP levels rather than GDP growth. It should also be noted that GDP in 2012 was an estimated 1,560 billion.
9 Table 7: Number and proportions of unregistered businesses and their turnover At the start of year Estimated total number of businesses (million) Estimated number of unregistered businesses (million) Unregistered businesses as a proportion of all businesses % Estimated value of unregistered business turnover ( billion) Estimated unregistered business turnover as a proportion of all business turnover % % % % % % % 101 See note 3.1% % 88 below 2.7% % % % % Source: BIS Note: turnover estimates after 2009 are not strictly comparable to the earlier estimates improved methodology used for estimating the number of unregistered businesses was introduced in 2010 and it has only been possible to update the historical series for the number of businesses, which was reduced by about 400,000 when the methodology changed. Section 5: Evolution of the UK service industries The UK, like many other countries, has seen a progressive change in the industrial makeup of its economy, with increasing contribution from the service industries. Figure 2, shows how the services, production, construction and agricultural industries have evolved from 1948 to 2012 in their contributions, by weight, to UK GDP. Figure 2: UK GDP industry weights (%), 1948 to Total services Total Production Total Construction Total Agriculture Source: 1948 data were sourced from National Income and Expenditure ; Gross national product at factor costs by industry of origin table data were sourced from National Income and Expenditure 1979 edition. Gross domestic product by industry table and 2012 data were sourced from Blue Book 2013, gross value added. What is evident from Figure 2 is the increasing economic importance of the service industry to the UK economy. In 1948 the service industry contributed an estimated 46% to UK GDP, and by 2012 this had increased to 78%.
10 In contrast the production industry declined from an estimated contribution of 42% in 1948 to 15% in 2012; and the agriculture industry declined from a contribution of 6% in 1948 to less than 1% in 2012 The contribution of the construction industry experienced very little change between 1948 and 2012; in both 1948 and 2012 it contributed an estimated 6% to the UK economy. Figure 3 provides a more detailed view of changes within the broad service, production, construction and agriculture industries. It shows that the highest estimated percentage point (ppt) change between 1948 and 2012, were in manufacturing and insurance, banking and real estate, with manufacturing declining by 25.6 ppts and insurance, banking and real estate increasing by 14.1 ppt. Figure 3: Contribution to UK gross value added by industry, 1948 to 2012 % Note: The twelve categories were created based on the broad industry groups in For the other years, data have been taken and placed in these categories. Source: 1948 data were sourced from National Income and Expenditure ; Gross national product at factor costs by industry of origin table data were sourced from National Income and Expenditure 1979 edition. Gross domestic product by industry table and 2012 data were sourced from Blue Book 2013, gross value added. 5.1 Service industries employment As the economic importance of the service industries has increased, so has their contribution to the labour market (see Figure 4). From Figure 4 it can be seen that the percentage of people employed in the service industries (excluding self employed) increased from 44% in 1948 to 85% in In contrast, the percentage employed in the production industries decreased from 45% in 1948 to 10%
11 in 2012 and the percentage employed in the agriculture industries decreased from 5% in 1948 to 1% in Similar to its economic contribution to the UK economy, the percentage employed in the construction industry remained fairly stable but declined by an estimated 2.4 pp between 1948 and Figure 4: Percentage of people employed in the service, production, construction and agriculture industries ( ). 100 % Total services Total Production Total Construction Total Agriculture Source: 1948 data were sourced from the Annual Abstract of Statistics, ; estimated number of insured employees at July 1948 table data were sourced from the Annual Abstract of Statistics 1984; employees in employment at June 1978 table and 2012 data were sourced from estimates of work force jobs. Figure 5 shows the estimated percentage of employees in June 1948, 1978, 2008 and Comparing 1948 with 2012, the manufacturing industry had the largest decline in percentage employed (30%); in contrast, industries such as wholesale and retail trade and other services increased by 5% and 17% respectively. One of the striking differences between industries employment and contribution to GDP (Figure 3 and 5) can be seen in the insurance, banking and real estate industry. Comparing 1948 with 2012, the percentage of people employed in this industry increased by only an estimated 3 pp; however, from a contribution to GDP perspective, comparing 1948 with 2012, the insurance, banking and real estate industry increased by 14.1 pp. Much of the increase in the proportion of people employed in these industries occurred between 1948 and the late 1970s, with the later changes in the proportion of GVA being due to increasing productivity as the industry has fundamentally changed.
12 Figure 5: Percentage of people employed in June 1948, 1978, 2008 and 2012 % Note: The twelve categories were created based on the board industry groups in For the other years, data have been taken and placed in these categories. Note: Early data on the number of insured employees may not be strictly comparable to later years that use number of employees. Source: 1948 data were sourced from the Annual Abstract of Statistics, ; estimated number of insured employees at July 1948 table data were sourced from the Annual Abstract of Statistics 1984; employees in employment at June 1978 table and 2012 data were sourced from estimates of work force jobs. As the industrial structure of the economy has changed, ONS has kept pace with these changes by, for example, developing and publishing the Index of Services (Drew and Morgan, 2007); enhancing the International Trade in Service Survey, most recently to comply with Balance of Payments Manual 6 changes; and looking for new data sources for example, the measurement of digital services. Section 7: Concluding comments This paper has provided an overview of the service industries, how businesses are classified to the service industries, estimation of unregistered businesses, and looked at how the service industries have evolved in the UK economy. With respect to the production of official statistics, what is important is that: businesses and statistical units are correctly identified and coded to UKSIC in line with international guidance: these classifications continue to be updated and: ONS continues to accurately measure the contribution of the service industries to the UK economy.
13 Acknowledgements I would like to thank the following ONS people for their contributions to this paper: Stacey Chamberlain, Darren Morgan, Robert Doody, Rich Wild, Lindsay Prosser, Pete Lee, Emily Carless and David Howell. Thanks also to Dave Hayward who created the infographic to accompany this article. References Council Regulation (EEC) No 696/93 of 15 March 1993 on the statistical units for the observation and analysis of the production system in the Community (OJ No L 76, , p. 1). Department for Business Innovation & Skills, (17 October 2012), Business Population Estimates for the UK and Regions, 2012, BIS. Drew, S. & Morgan, D. (2007) The launch of the index of services as a national statistic, ONS, Economic and Labour Market Review, Eurostat (2009) CPA 2008 Introductory Guidelines, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg. Jones, J. and Hidiroglou, M. (2013) Capturing, Coding and Cleaning Survey Data, in Snijkers, G., Haraldsen, G., Jones, J. and Willimack, D. K. (2013) Designing and Conducting Business Surveys, Wiley, pp Office for National Statistics (2009) UK Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities 2007 (SIC 2007): Structure and explanatory notes, Palgrave Macmillan. Office for National Statistics (3 October 2012) UK Business: Activity, Size and Location, Smith, P. (2013) Sampling and Estimation in Business Surveys, in Snijkers, G., Haraldsen, G., Jones, J. and Willimack, D. K. (2013) Designing and Conducting Business Surveys, Wiley, pp Office for National Statistics (2013) UK National Accounts Blue Book, Office for National Statistics. United Nations (2007), Statistical Units, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistics Division, New York.
Services and Distribution
13 Services and Distribution Retail sales decreased by 1.1% in volume and 0.7% in value in 2012. The volume of retail sales of automotive fuel decreased by 7.6% in 2012. The value of the Non-Financial
More informationList of Services Sector
List of Services Sector SERVICES SECTOR ELECTRICITY, GAS, STEAM & AIR CONDITIONING SUPPLY Electric power generation, transmission and distribution Manufacture of gas; distribution of gaseous fuels through
More informationTravel & Tourism Sector Ranking Australia
Travel & Tourism Sector Ranking Australia Summary of Findings, November 2013 Introduction Sector Ranking Analysis In order to better understand the importance of the Travel & Tourism industry in a global
More informationE-commerce: measuring, monitoring and gross domestic product
E-commerce: measuring, monitoring and gross domestic product Jacqui Jones Office for National Statistics 7 August 2014 Section 1: Introduction Figure 1: E-Commerce as a percentage of UK turnover in 2008
More informationPRINCIPAL BUSINESS ACTIVITIES OF THE COMPANY
PRINCIPAL BUSINESS ACTIVITIES OF THE COMPANY S. No. Field Name Instructions II Number of business Enter the number of business undertaken by the company. II Main code Based on the number of business undertaken,
More informationQuality Declaration Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) indexes. 0 Total information about statistical product producer
Quality Declaration Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) indexes 0 Total information about statistical product producer 0.1 Name Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) indexes 0.2
More informationSWITCH TO THE NEW CLASSIFICATION OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES (NACE REV2)
SWITCH TO THE NEW CLASSIFICATION OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ( REV) 1 Introduction of new classification of activities (nace rev) 1.1. General Classifications of activities and products are revised periodically.
More information21 - MINING. 42 0.87% 221 Utilities 42 0.87% 6,152 0.68 23 - CONSTRUCTION
Total of State, Local Government and Private Sector 11 - AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, FISHING & HUNTING 21 - MINING 4,824 71 1.47% 111 Crop Production 24 0.50% 2,754 0.87 112 Animal Production 35 0.73% 5,402
More informationE-Commerce and ICT Activity, 2012. 95% of businesses had broadband Internet and 82% had a website.
Statistical Bulletin E-Commerce and ICT Activity, 2012 Coverage: UK Date: 04 December 2013 Geographical Area: UK Theme: Business and Energy Key points E-commerce sales represented 18% of business turnover
More informationDRAFT. All NAICS. 3-Digit NAICS BP C 3 P 76 X 0 BP C 0 P 0 X 2 OC C 29 P 44 X 35 OC C 0 P 0 X 2 MH C 96 MH C 8 P 37 X 62 P 1107 X 587
All NAICS 3-Digit NAICS BP C 3 P 76 X 0 OC C 29 P 44 X 35 MH C 96 P 1107 X 587 BP C 0 P 0 X 2 OC C 0 P 0 X 2 MH C 8 P 37 X 62 ML C 66 P 958 X 772 ML C 4 P 34 X 69 A. Resource Uses. 11 Agriculture, Forestry,
More informationAnnual Business Inquiry Background Information - Archive Data
Annual Business Inquiry Background Information - Archive Data ABI Publications & Special Analysis Section Room 2.301 Office for National Statistics Cardiff Road Newport NP10 8XG By telephone on: +44 (0)
More informationHarmonised Index of Consumer Prices: update on methodological developments
Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices: update on methodological developments Jim O Donoghue Office for National Statistics e-mail: hicp@ons.gov.uk National Statistics customer enquiry line: +44 (0)845 601
More informationUK outsourcing across the private and public sectors. An updated national, regional and constituency picture
UK outsourcing across the private and public sectors An updated national, regional and constituency picture Report prepared by Oxford Economics for the Business Services Association November 2012 Contents
More informationPricing Business and Management Consulting: The New Zealand Experience. Tuesday Morning PPI Mini-Presentations (BB)
Pricing Business and Management Consulting: The New Zealand Experience Tuesday Morning PPI Mini-Presentations (BB) 20 th Meeting of the Voorburg Group Helsinki, Finland September 2005 Jodi York Prices
More informationGENERAL INFORMATION FORM -- AUTHORIZATION APPLICATION NAICS CODES GENERAL INFORMATION
GIF CODES COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION GENERAL INFORMATION FORM -- AUTHORIZATION APPLICATION NAICS CODES GENERAL INFORMATION The United States has a new industry
More informationE-commerce and ICT Activity, 2013. While 22% of businesses generated e-commerce sales, 51% of businesses made e-commerce purchases in 2013.
Statistical Bulletin E-commerce and ICT Activity, 2013 Coverage: UK Date: 28 November 2014 Geographical Area: UK Theme: Business and Energy Key Points E-commerce sales represented 20% of business turnover
More informationGUIDE TO THE BUSINESS POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS STATISTICS PUBLICATIONS
GUIDE TO THE BUSINESS POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS STATISTICS PUBLICATIONS Summary This paper summarises the key features of the three National Statistics publications on the UK business population. It
More informationUK Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities 2007 (SIC 2007) Structure and explanatory notes
UK Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities 2007 (SIC 2007) Structure and explanatory notes Editor: Lindsay Prosser Office for National Statistics ISBN 978-0-230-21012-7 A National Statistics
More informationA Comparison between Annual Business Survey and National Accounts Measures of Value Added
A Comparison between Annual Business Survey and National Accounts Measures of Value Added 24 April 2014 Daniel Ayoubkhani Office for National Statistics 2014 Official Statistics ONS official statistics
More informationQUARTERLY ESTIMATES FOR SELECTED SERVICE INDUSTRIES 1st QUARTER 2015
Aidan Smith / Roderick Asekhauno Harold Laney / Rebecca Hutchinson Economic Indicators Division (301) 763-2960 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE WEDNESDAY, JUNE 10, AT 10:00 A.M. EDT QUARTERLY ESTIMATES FOR SELECTED
More informationAn analysis of the drivers behind the fall in direct investment earnings and their impact on the UK's current account deficit
Article An analysis of the drivers behind the fall in direct investment earnings and their impact on the UK's current account deficit The UK current account deficit continued to widen in 2015, marking
More informationBusiness-Facts: 3 Digit NAICS Summary 2014
Business-Facts: 3 Digit Summary 4 County (see appendix for geographies), Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting 64 4.6 Crop Production 8.8 Animal Production and Aquaculture. 3 Forestry and Logging
More informationDISTRIBUTIVE TRADE AND SERVICE INDUSTRIES STATISTICS
DISTRIBUTIVE TRADE AND SERVICE INDUSTRIES STATISTICS 1. Introduction Distributive trade and service industries [DTSI] account for a substantial proportion of economic activities in every country, whether
More informationBusiness-Facts: 3 Digit NAICS Summary 2015
Business-Facts: Digit Summary 5 5 Demographics Radius : 9 CHAPEL ST, NEW HAVEN, CT 65-8,. -.5 Miles, Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting Crop Production Animal Production and Aquaculture Forestry
More information1997 NAICS Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting Mining Utilities
11 1997 NAICS Adult Entertainment Business Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting 111 Crop Production 1114 Greenhouse, Nursery & Floriculture Production L M H MHR CSC NC LNC OPD DD PUD Mixed A-1 L1
More informationNorth Bay Industry Sector Rankings (By County) October 2015 Jim Cassio
North Bay Rankings (By County) October 2015 Jim Cassio North Bay Rankings (By County) Source: EMSI (Economic Modeling Specialists, Intl.) Contents Lake County... 3 Jobs... 3 Job Growth (Projected)...
More informationService Sector Turnover - Other than seasonal Effect
18 September 2015 Services Sector Activity Indicators (SSAI). Base 2010 July 2015. Provisional data The monthly variation of turnover 1 for the market Services Sector is 0.5% after adjusting for seasonal
More informationISSN 1977-0375. Methodologies and Working papers. NACE Rev. 2. Statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community
ISSN 1977-0375 Methodologies and Working papers NACE Rev. 2 Statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community Methodologies and Working papers NACE Rev. 2 Statistical classification
More informationCreative Industries Economic Estimates. January 2016
s January 2016 2 Contents Chapter 1 - Introduction... 3 Chapter 2 - Key Findings... 5 Chapter 3 - Creative Industries GVA... 7 Chapter 4 - Creative Economy GVA... 16 Chapter 5 - Summary... 18 Annex A Methods
More informationVERMONT UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE WAGES, BENEFITS, CONTRIBUTIONS AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY CALENDAR YEAR 2014
WAGES, BENEFITS, CONTRIBUTIONS AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY Vermont Department of Labor VERMONT UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE PROGRAM WAGES, BENEFITS, CONTRIBUTIONS AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY Visit us at our web
More informationBUSINESS POPULATION ESTIMATES FOR THE UK AND REGIONS
STATISTICAL RELEASE BUSINESS POPULATION ESTIMATES FOR THE UK AND REGIONS 2013 Summary There were an estimated 4.9 million private sector businesses in the UK at the start of 2013, an increase of 102,000
More informationHow To Calculate The Number Of Private Sector Businesses In The Uk
STATISTICAL RELEASE STATISTICAL RELEASE BUSINESS POPULATION ESTIMATES FOR THE UK AND REGIONS 2011 12 October 2011 Issued by: BIS Level 2, 2 St Paul s Place, Sheffield, S1 2FJ For more detail: http://stats.bis.gov.
More informationEmployment and intangible spending in the UK's creative industries
Employment and intangible spending in the UK's creative industries A view from the micro data Eric Scheffel and Andrew Thomas Office for National Statistics Summary The UK's creative industries and creative
More informationThe monthly variation of turnover 1 for the market Services Sector is 0.6% after adjusting for seasonal and calendar effects
14 August 2015 Services Sector Activity Indicators (SSAI). Base 2010 June 2015. Provisional data The monthly variation of turnover 1 for the market Services Sector is 0.6% after adjusting for seasonal
More informationThe UK Tourism Satellite Account (UK- TSA) for 2012. Tourism Direct Gross Value Added (GVA) was 57.3 billion in 2012.
Statistical Bulletin The UK Tourism Satellite Account (UK- TSA) for 2012 Coverage: UK Date: 26 June 2015 Geographical Area: UK Theme: People and Places Theme: Economy Main Figures Tourism Direct Gross
More informationThe monthly variation of turnover 1 for the market Services Sector is 0.7% after adjusting for seasonal and calendar effects
20 October 2015 Services Sector Activity Indicators (SSAI). Base 2010 August 2015. Provisional data The monthly variation of turnover 1 for the market Services Sector is 0.7% after adjusting for seasonal
More informationImproving SIC codes for the Games Industry February 2015
Improving SIC codes for the Games Industry February 2015 This paper recommends the following reform to SIC codes for the games industry: 1. Creation of a full 4-digit code for games development titled
More informationE-commerce and information and communication technology (ICT) activity, 2008
Statistical Bulletin: E-commerce and ICT activity 2008 Page 1 E-commerce and information and communication technology (ICT) activity, 2008 Date: 27 November 2009 Coverage: United Kingdom Theme: Economy
More informationCENTRAL STATISTICAL OFFICE
REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA CENTRAL STATISTICAL OFFICE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 2010 BENCHMARK ESTIMATES SUMMARY REPORT GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 2010 BENCHMARK ESTIMATES SUMMARY REPORT Published by Central Statistical
More informationUK Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities 2007 (SIC 2007) Structure and explanatory notes
UK Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities 2007 (SIC 2007) Structure and explanatory notes 14/12/2007 Page 1 of 276 Preface This publication represents a major revision of the UK Standard
More informationService Producer Price Index for Travel Agency Activities ISIC 7911 NACE 79.11
29 th meeting of the Voorburg Group Dublin September 2014 Mini Presentation Service Producer Price Index for Travel Agency Activities ISIC 7911 NACE 79.11 Joseph Keating and Niall O Hanlon Central Statistics
More informationThe impact on the UK economy of a reduction in fuel duty
The impact on the UK economy of a reduction in fuel duty Report for Fair Fuel UK March 2012 Centre for Economics and Business Research Ltd. Unit 1, 4 Bath Street, London EC1V 9DX t: 020 7324 2850 f: 020
More informationPolicy on Scoping Quality/Environmental Management Systems Certification Bodies
Policy on Scoping Quality/Environmental Management Systems Certification Bodies Purpose: The purpose of this policy is to ensure that the International Accreditation Service (IAS) applicants and accredited
More informationComparison of Government Expenditure and Revenue statistics in the monthly Public Sector Finances and quarterly National Accounts
Comparison of Government Expenditure and Revenue statistics in the monthly Public Sector Finances and quarterly National Accounts 1. Summary This article explains the changes that ONS will be making to
More informationThe energy industry and energy price issues in Slovakia during recent years 1
The energy industry and energy price issues in Slovakia during recent years 1 Ing. Mikulá Cár, PhD. National Bank of Slovakia The energy industry and energy prices are becoming a subject of political decisions
More informationInsurance and Pension Funding Industry, Except Compulsory Social Services Review
Methodology of the Monthly Index of Services Insurance and Pension Funding Industry, Except Compulsory Social Services Review Introduction At the launch of the experimental Index of Services (IoS) in December
More informationE-Commerce Inquiry to Business 2000
E-Commerce Inquiry to Business 2 Magdalen Williams Financial, International and Innovation Inquiries Division Office for National Statistics E-mail: info@statistics.gov.uk National Statistics customer
More informationGovernment of Ireland 2013. Material compiled and presented by the Central Statistics Office.
Government of Ireland 2013 Material compiled and presented by the Central Statistics Office. Reproduction is authorised, except for commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged. Print ISSN
More informationThe Energy (including renewables) growth sector is defined by the Standard Industrialisation Classification (SIC) 2007 codes:
Growth Sector Briefing Energy (including renewables) Office of the Chief Economic Adviser, Scottish Government February 2015 Growth Sector Definition Scotland s Energy (including renewables) sector was
More informationScope of Capital Measurement and Classifications
From: Measuring Capital - OECD Manual 2009 Second edition Access the complete publication at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264068476-en Scope of Capital Measurement and Classifications Please cite this
More informationGOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
This Press Release is embargoed against publication, telecast or circulation on internet till 5.30 pm today i.e. 29th January, 2016. GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
More informationServices Sector Activity Indicators. Base 2005 April 2010. Provisional data
17 June 2010 Services Sector Activity Indicators. Base 2005 April 2010. Provisional data Main results The interannual rate of the Services Sector Turnover General Index is 1.9% in April, three-and-a-half
More informationA N N E X E 2 : La correspondance entre les nomenclatures d activités et de produits et de balance des paiements
A N N E X E 2 : La correspondance entre les nomenclatures d activités et de produits et de balance des paiements Nomenclature BOP ICFA/ISIC Code Intitulé Code Intitulé 205 Transportation 60-63 Transport
More informationCountry Paper on Economic Activity Classification in India
Annex IV South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Country Paper SAARCSTAT on Economic Workshop Activity on Classification in Classification and System of National Accounts New Delhi, India, 5-6
More informationNew tax relief aimed at stimulating R&D activities of enterprises and increasing payroll figures in the sector
New tax relief aimed at stimulating R&D activities of enterprises and increasing payroll figures in the sector Economic policy projections focus on growth and increasing employment. Economic development
More informationCensus of International Trade in Services and Royalties: Year ended June 2005
Embargoed until 10:45 AM - Wednesday, October 26, 2005 Census of International Trade in Services and Royalties: Year ended June 2005 Highlights Major exports of commercial services were: communication,
More informationExport Statistics Scotland 2014
Export Statistics Scotland 2014 Release Date: 27 January 2016 Key findings The total nominal value of Scotland s International Exports (excluding Oil and Gas) decreased in the last year, falling by 920
More informationDISTRIBUTIVE TRADE STATISTICS IN INDIA
DISTRIBUTIVE TRADE STATISTICS IN INDIA Definition The term distributive trade refers to wholesale trade and retail trade which can be defined as an act of purchase of goods and their disposal by way of
More informationCreative Industries Economic Estimates January 2015
Creative Industries Economic Estimates January 2015 Statistical Release Date: 13/01/2015 The Creative Industries Economic Estimates are Official Statistics and have been produced to the standards set out
More informationIntermedia Global Ltd, VAT Reg. No. 817 4168 23 Company registration No. 4821034
Axis Business Base Postal Addresses 2.9m Phone Numbers 2.6m Email Addresses 1.1m Contacts 4.1m Description/Profile The Axis Business Base is a tele-verified database and one of the most comprehensive and
More informationEconomic Value of Sport in England 1985-2008
Economic Value of Sport in England 1985-2008 c August 2010 Sport Industry Research Centre Sheffield Hallam University Contents Definitions Page iii Executive Summary iv Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1: Terms
More informationService companies in innovative environments:
Service companies in innovative environments: The case of Spanish science parks Jasmina Berbegal, Francesc Solé, Ferran Sabaté, Antonio Cañabate Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (Spain) Introduction
More informationChanges to National Accounts Blue Book 2014: Improvements to Household Expenditure Estimates
Changes to National Accounts Blue Book 2014: Improvements to Household Expenditure Estimates Author: Hugh Skipper, Office for National Statistics Contributions from: David Matthewson, Caroline Walker,
More informationThe History of NAICS
The History of NAICS By James T. Saint, CCIM Real Estate Advocate 5 Apr 2007 While many real estate professionals and business executives are reasonably familiar with the older Standard Industrial Classification
More informationStatistical release P4001
Statistical release (Preliminary) Embargoed until: 26 November 2014 14:30 Enquiries: User Information Services 012 310 8644 /4804 170 Thabo Sehume Street, Pretoria 0002, Private Bag X44, Pretoria 0001,
More informationThe UK market for business services. The national, regional and constituency picture in 2013
The UK market for business services The national, regional and constituency picture in 2013 Report prepared by Oxford Economics for the Business Services Association Contents Summary of methodology...
More informationSchedule of Accreditation issued by United Kingdom Accreditation Service 2 Pine Trees, Chertsey Lane, Staines-upon-Thames, TW18 3HR, UK
2 Pine Trees, Chertsey Lane, Staines-upon-Thames, TW18 3HR, UK ISO/IEC 17021:2011 to provide environmental management systems certification to Unit 6, Gordano Court Gordano Gate Business Park Serbert Close
More information*Estonian Education tree Haridusepuu_2010_ENG[1].pdf
Merlin Müür Estonian Education tree Haridusepuu_2010_ENG[1].pdf * *School attendance is compulsory for children who become seven by 1st October of the current year. Compulsory school attendance lasts until
More informationInteligencia-Economica-exportaciones-por-naics
PrimaryNaics Main_Export_Dest 42 - Wholesale Trades 60 546 - Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services 3-33 - 32 549 - Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 4224 - Grocery
More informationSeventeenth Meeting of the IMF Committee on Balance of Payments Statistics Pretoria, October 26 29, 2004
BOPCOM-04/14B Seventeenth Meeting of the IMF Committee on Balance of Payments Statistics Pretoria, October 26 29, 2004 Revision of the CPC and Relationship to EBOPS Prepared by Ralf Becker United Nations
More informationUK Government Information Economy Strategy
Industrial Strategy: government and industry in partnership UK Government Information Economy Strategy A Call for Views and Evidence February 2013 Contents Overview of Industrial Strategy... 3 How to respond...
More informationThe comparative construction of three different measures of the knowledge economy
Sam Zeini, Markus Tünte, Jun Imai and Karen Shire Appendix to Chapter 2 The comparative construction of three different measures of the knowledge economy presented in Chapter 2 required that a number of
More informationCompiling the Gross Domestic Product: The Myanmar Experience
Compiling the Gross Domestic Product: The Myanmar Experience by Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development The views expressed in this document are of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect
More informationBusiness and Finance
Methodology of the Monthly Index of Services Business and Finance The published Index of Services component for Business and Finance estimates short-term changes in gross value added in the service sector
More informationPage 1 GDP by Statistical Regions Year 2013. Gross Domestic Product by Statistical Regions NUTS in Albania, year 2013
Page 1 GDP by Statistical Regions Year 2013 Blv. Zhan d Ark, nr. 3 info@instat.gov.al Tiranë, 1001 www.instat.gov.al Tel: +355 4 2222 411 Faks: +355 4 2222 411 News Release Gross Domestic Product by Statistical
More informationICT sector and trade core indicators: classifications and concepts
ICT sector and trade core indicators: classifications and concepts Capacity Building Workshop on Information Society Statistics: Infrastructure, Household and other Indicators Bangkok, November 2007 Sheridan
More informationIS YOUR COMPANY EFFECTED?
IS YOUR COMPANY EFFECTED? EFFECTIVE CHANGES Business types that are required to do annual recordkeeping is partially changing due to the use of updated injury / illness statistics by OSHA. Immediate reporting
More informationEXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM TO THE COMPANIES ACT 2006 (ANNUAL RETURNS) REGULATIONS 2011. 2011 No. [XXXX]
EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM TO THE COMPANIES ACT 2006 (ANNUAL RETURNS) REGULATIONS 2011 2011 No. [XXXX] 1. This explanatory memorandum has been prepared by the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
More informationBusiness in Ireland. Published by the Stationery Office, Dublin, Ireland. Available from:
An Phríomh-Oifig Staidrimh Central Statistics Office Business in Ireland 2012 Published by the Stationery Office, Dublin, Ireland. Available from: Central Statistics Office, Information Section, Skehard
More informationTHE PERFORMANCE - OF THE UK INLAND MAILS BUSINESS OF CONSIGNIA
THE PERFORMANCE - OF THE UK INLAND MAILS BUSINESS OF CONSIGNIA Paper 1 of a series of papers prepared by Consignia in June 2002 for Postcomm s review of the price control for 2003 Summary The overall performance
More informationEmployment Change Due to Carbon Pricing, 2035 Policy Scenario Vs Baseline Industry Name North American Industrial Classification System # (NAICS)
Employment Change Due to Carbon Pricing, 2035 Policy Scenario Vs Baseline Industry Name North American Industrial Classification System # (NAICS) 2035 (Net Jobs) Construction - 23 4774 1.21% Scientific
More informationThe size of the UK outsourcing market across the private and public sectors
The size of the UK outsourcing market across the private and public sectors Report prepared by Oxford Economics for the Business Services Association April 2011 Contents Summary of Methodology... 2 Executive
More informationCreative Industries Economic Estimates January 2014
Creative Industries Economic Estimates January 2014 Statistical Release Date: 14/01/2014 The Creative Industries Economic Estimates are Official Statistics and have been produced to the standards set out
More informationNACE Rev. 2 Introductory Guidelines
02 CLASSIFICATIONS NACE Rev. 2 Introductory Guidelines STATISTICAL OFFICE OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 02 Statistical governance, quality and evaluation Tel. (352) 4301-33622, Fax (352) 4301-33899 Preface
More informationVOORBURG GROUP ON SERVICE STATISTICS THIRTEENTH MEETING ROME, 21-24 SEPTEMBER 1998
VOORBURG GROUP ON SERVICE STATISTICS THIRTEENTH MEETING ROME, 21-24 SEPTEMBER 1998 Session 3 : CROSS CUTTING ISSUES: A FRAMEWORK OF ANALYSIS FOR ICT ISSUES OF SUPPLY ABS Experience with Supply Side Surveys
More informationNAICS CHANGES IN CES PUBLISHING DETAIL CHANGES FROM SIC TO NAICS By: Joseph F. Winter, CES Supervisor
NAICS CHANGES IN CES PUBLISHING DETAIL CHANGES FROM SIC TO NAICS By: Joseph F. Winter, CES Supervisor The change in the CES publishing structure from the SIC industry groupings to the NAICS is in effect
More informationACPSA Issue Brief #4: Arts and Cultural Contributions to the Creative Economy
Office of Research & Analysis National Endowment for the Arts January 2015 ACPSA Issue Brief #4: Arts and Cultural Contributions to the Creative Economy The United States currently lacks an official definition
More informationDomain Analytics. Jay Daley,.nz Registrar Conference, 2015
Domain Analytics Jay Daley,.nz Registrar Conference, 2015 Domain Analytics Explained Using data science to provide insight into domain name usage Value for registrars understanding customers Value for
More informationAnnual Business Survey: Glossary of Terms
Information note Annual Business Survey: Glossary of Terms Published date: 11 th June 2015 Introduction The Annual Business Survey (ABS) is the key resource for understanding the detailed structure and
More informationThe Financial and Business Services growth sector is defined by the Standard Industrialisation Classification (SIC) 2007 codes:
Growth Sector Briefing Financial and Business Services Office of the Chief Economic Adviser, Scottish Government May 2015 Growth Sector Definition Scotland s Financial and Business Services industry was
More informationST. CHRISTOPHER AND NEVIS VALUE ADDED TAX REGISTRATION GUIDE
ST. CHRISTOPHER AND NEVIS VALUE ADDED TAX REGISTRATION GUIDE Contents PURPOSE... 3 St. Kitts and Nevis Value Added Tax (VAT)... 3 Who is required to register?... 4 Who is a taxable person?... 5 What is
More informationVAT GENERAL INFORMATION FOR BUSINESSES
VAT GENERAL INFORMATION FOR BUSINESSES ELECTRONIC SERVICES PROVIDERS These notes are intended for persons who provide Electronic Services and who are either established in Malta or established outside
More information#ILMEast #ILMQ (Q&A s)
#ILMEast #ILMQ (Q&A s) Forging Strategic Partnership with Our Clients We view ourselves as your partner, offering valuable services and products you can use for your benefit. 2 Clients asked for Detailed
More informationICT Sector and Products New Classifications based on ISIC Rev. 4 and CPC Ver. 2
Geneva, 27 May 2008 ICT Sector and Products New Classifications based on ISIC Rev. 4 and CPC Ver. 2 Vincenzo Spiezia Head, ICT Unit Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry OECD OECD information
More informationThe Triple Bottom Line Revisited
The Triple Bottom Line Revisited Rita Singh Director of Policy www.cynnalcymru.com www.sustainwales.com Follow us on Twitter Dilynwch ni ar Twitter @CynnalCymru @RitaSingh 02920 19 20 21 The Triple Bottom
More informationInformation Society Statistics Enterprise Statistics 2012
An Phríomh-Oifig Staidrimh Central Statistics Office 19 December 2012 e-commerce purchases and sales 2010 2011 2012 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 Information Society Statistics Enterprise Statistics 2012 e-commerce
More informationLabour Force Survey: Q2/2015
22 September 2015 1100 hrs 172/2015 During the second quarter of 2015, Labour Force Survey estimates indicate an increase of 1.8 per cent in employment when compared to the corresponding quarter of 2014.
More informationGOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE & REVENUE SCOTLAND 2013-14 MARCH 2015
GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE & REVENUE SCOTLAND 2013-14 MARCH 2015 GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE & REVENUE SCOTLAND 2013-14 MARCH 2015 The Scottish Government, Edinburgh 2015 Crown copyright 2015 This publication is
More informationUK PRINTING THE FACTS & FIGURES 600 MILLION 13.5 BILLION 122,000 750 MILLION 6.1 BILLION 8,600 WORLD S FIFTH P.A. CAPITAL INVESTMENT
UK PRINTING THE FACTS & FIGURES 600 MILLION P.A. CAPITAL INVESTMENT WORLD S FIFTH LARGEST PRODUCER OF PRINTED PRODUCTS 13.5 BILLION TURNOVER 122,000 EMPLOYEES 750 MILLION POSITIVE TRADE BALANCE IN 2014
More informationSummary of the Esa2010 revision of National Accounts
9 September 2014 Summary of the Esa2010 revision of National Accounts Year 2011 In conjunction with the introduction of the new European system of national and regional accounts (Esa2010) Manual, Italy
More information