Semantic Web Lecture. Prof. Dr. N. Henze

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1 Semantic Web Lecture Übung Prof. Dr. N. Henze

2 1 Triple triple.semanticweb.org Rule & querying language for RDF-annotated Resources Transformations: Triple RDF, RDF Triple Connectives, quantifiers for building logical formulae An RDF statement is written in Triple as subject[predicate -> object] Several statements can be abbreviated as molecules subject [ predicate1 -> object1; predicate2 -> object2;...] Statements can be binded to explicit models: subject [ predicate ->object model M. Sintek, S. Decker: TRIPLE - A query, inference, and transformation language for the semantic web. 1st International Semantic Web Confernce, 2002

3 Übung 1 (uebung { my:book1[ dc:author->ms[name->"matt Ruff"]; dc:title->"g.a.s. Die Trilogie der Stadtwerke"; dc:subject->roman; dc:subject->smart_search; FORALL O, P, V O[P->V] <- O[P->V]@my:documents. FORALL S, D search_for_subjects(s,d) <- D[dc:subject -> S]. FORALL S, T search_for_titles_and_subjects(s,t) <- EXISTS D (D[dc:subject -> S] AND D[dc:title -> T]). /* Ausgabe */ FORALL A, B <- search_for_subjects(a,b)@my:search. FORALL A, B <- search_for_titles_and_subjects(a,b)@my:search. Aufruf: z.b. unter linux: triple.sh filename.triple

4 Übung 2 (uebung2.triple) // RDF Schema Example // namespace declarations // rdf := " // rdfs := " // definition of RDF Schema semantics FORALL { FORALL O,P,V O[P->V] <- O[P->V]@Mdl. FORALL O,P,V O[P->V] <- EXISTS S (S[rdfs:subPropertyOf->P] AND O[S->V]). FORALL O,P,V O[rdfs:subClassOf->V] <- EXISTS W (O[rdfs:subClassOf->W] AND W[rdfs:subClassOf->V]). FORALL O,P,V O[rdfs:subPropertyOf->V] <- EXISTS W (O[rdfs:subPropertyOf->W] AND W[rdfs:subPropertyOf->V]). FORALL O,T O[rdf:type->T] <- EXISTS S (S[rdfs:subClassOf->T] AND O[rdf:type->S]).

5 // RDFS cars { // xyz := " xyz:motorvehicle[rdfs:subclassof -> rdfs:resource]. xyz:passengervehicle[rdfs:subclassof -> xyz:motorvehicle]. xyz:truck[rdfs:subclassof -> xyz:motorvehicle]. xyz:van[rdfs:subclassof -> xyz:motorvehicle]. xyz:minivan[ rdfs:subclassof -> xyz:van; rdfs:subclassof -> xyz:passengervehicle]. // query FORALL X,Y <- X[rdfs:subClassOf->Y]@rdfschema(cars). Aufruf: triple.sh filename.triple

6 Ergebnis: X = xyz: MotorVehicle, Y = rdfs: Resource X = xyz: PassengerVehicle, Y = rdfs: Resource X = xyz: PassengerVehicle, Y = xyz: MotorVehicle X = xyz: Truck, Y = rdfs: Resource X = xyz: Truck, Y = xyz: MotorVehicle X = xyz: Van, Y = rdfs: Resource X = xyz: Van, Y = xyz: MotorVehicle X = xyz: MiniVan, Y = rdfs: Resource X = xyz: MiniVan, Y = xyz: MotorVehicle X = xyz: MiniVan, Y = xyz: Van X = xyz: MiniVan, Y = xyz: PassengerVehicle

7 Übung 3 (Die Afrikanische Steppe,uebung 3.rdf) <rdf:rdf xmlns:rdf =" xmlns =" xmlns:daml=" > <Ontology rdf:about=""> <versioninfo>$id: animals.rdf,v /02/14 01:25:41 sintek Exp $</versioninfo> <comment>an example ontology</comment> <imports rdf:resource=" </Ontology> <Class rdf:id="animal"> <label>animal</label> <comment>this class of animals is illustrative of a number of ontological idioms.</comment> </Class> <Class rdf:id="herbivore"> <subclassof rdf:resource="#animal"/>

8 </Class> <Class rdf:id="carnivore"> <subclassof rdf:resource="#animal"/> <disjointwith rdf:resource="#herbivore"/> </Class> <Class rdf:id="omnivore"> <subclassof rdf:resource="#herbivore"/> <subclassof rdf:resource="#carnivore"/> </Class> </rdf:rdf> Aufruf: triple.sh -rdfdata filename.rdf namespace des models name des models -tripledump filename.triple namespace des models name des models empty.triple z.b. triple.sh -rdfdata animals.rdf animals -tripledump animals.triple animals empty.triple

9 :animals { : Omnivore [ : Omnivore [ :subclassof -> : Omnivore [ :subclassof -> : Carnivore [ -> : Class ]. : Carnivore [ :disjointwith -> htt : Carnivore [ :subclassof -> http: : Herbivore [ -> : Class ]. : Herbivore [ :subclassof -> http: : Animal [ :t : Animal [ :comment -> This class of animals is illustrative of a number of ontological idioms. ]. : Animal [ :label -> Animal ]. : [ :type -> : [ :imports -> : [ :comment -> An example ontolog : [ :versioninfo -> $Id: animals.r

10 Übung 4 (uebung 4.triple) rdf := " rdfs := " owl := " animals := " FORALL { FORALL O,P,V O[P->V] <- O[P->V]@Mdl. FORALL O,P,V O[P->V] <- EXISTS S (S[subPropertyOf->P] AND O[S->V]). FORALL O,P,V O[subClassOf->V] <- EXISTS W (O[subClassOf->W] AND W[subClassOf->V]). FORALL O,P,V O[subPropertyOf->V] <- EXISTS W (O[subPropertyOf->W] AND W[subPropertyOf->V]). FORALL O,T O[type->T] <- EXISTS S (S[subClassOf->T] AND O[type->S]).

11 FORALL { FORALL O,P,V O[P->V] <- O[P->V]@rdfschema(Mdl). FORALL C1,C2 C1[owl:subClassOf->C2] <- C1[rdfs:subClassOf->C2]. FORALL O,P,V O[owl:subClassOf->V] <- EXISTS W (O[owl:subClassOf->W] AND W[owl:subClassOf->V]). FORALL C C[owl:subClassOf->owl:Nothing] <- EXISTS C1, C2 (C[owl:subClassOf-> C1;owl:subClassOf->C2] and C1[owl:disjointWith->C2]). FORALL C1,C2 C1[owl:disjointWith->C2] <- C2[owl:disjointWith->C1]. FORALL C C[owl:subClassOf->C].

12 @ :animals { : Omnivore [ : Omnivore [ :subclassof -> : Omnivore [ :subclassof -> : Carnivore [ : Carnivore [ :disjointwith -> htt : Carnivore [ :subclassof -> http: : Herbivore [ : Herbivore [ :subclassof -> http: : Animal [ :t : Animal [ :comment -> This class ontological idioms. ]. : Animal [ :label -> Animal ]. : [ :type -> : [ :imports -> : [ :comment -> An example ontolog : [ :versioninfo -> $Id: animals.r

13 FORALL { FORALL C unsatisfiable(c) <- C[owl:subClassOf -> owl:nothing]@owl(ont). // query: which concepts/classes are unsatisfiable FORALL C <- unsatisfiable(c)@check( :animals).

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