Solar-assisted district heating in CIS - Solar energy cheaper than oil and gas

Transcription

1 Solar-assisted district heating in CIS - Solar energy cheaper than oil and gas или Мультикомпонентная воздушно-водянная водянная солнечная установка Prof. K. Vajen J. Orozaliev, C. Budig, E. Frank Prof. A. Obozov, R. Botpaev, Akparaliev R. V. Borodin, 1

2 Research project Continental climate, G kwh/m²a 2

3 Open district heating net Central Heat and Power Plant cold water tank (800 m³) hot water tank (30,000 m³) 12 C C 60 C (in summer ) 3,000 m³/h (ground water) C (only in winter) 3

4 Open district heating net Collector efficiency 200 q& q use C in W/m² q& 3,0 2,5 use G T 2,0 1,5 v& > 40 1,0 l m²h hourly mean values 0,5 collector measured power during temperatures the night collector "efficiency" during the day T dew l v& > 40 m²h hourly mean values T in T amb T out T f - T a in K 10min mean values ordinary collector characteristics , th 0:00 July : th 0:00 July :00-2 local 0:000 time (T f - T a ) / G T in Km²/kW

5 Multicomponent system Tamb 30 C Luft-Wasser- Wärmeübertrager Uncovered collector Uncovered Collector Tin 12 C T 12 C T, 25 C Tin 12 C Tabs, in 25 C T abs, in 35 C in abs out Ground Water Backup Heating Standard application: outdoor swimming pool water heating 5

6 Multicomponent system Air-Water Heat Exchanger Uncovered collector Tamb 30 C Tahx 20 C Tabs, in 25 C T, 35 C abs out Air Tin 12 C Water Mass product Standard application: cooling 6

7 Multicomponent system T 30 C Tahx, in 45 C amb Unglazed air colector Air-Water Heat Exchanger Tahx 20 C Uncovered collector Tin 12 C Tabs, in 25 C Tabs, out 35 C Standard application: space heating 7

8 Unglazed air colector Air-Water Heat Exchanger Uncovered collector Planning A, P,... UTC fan A, P, P,... AHX fan pump A,,... UC P pump Control V,... air V, V,... air wat V, wat Weather G, ϑ, v, UTC a w ϑ a, h a G, ϑ, v, h, UC a w a Mix terms ϑ - ϑ, ϑ -ϑ UTC sky UTC a ϑ AHX,in T - ϑ, T - ϑ UC,in sky UC,in a ϑ AHX,in T UC,in T out 8

9 Test plant in Bishkek Uncovered collector (62 m²) Air-to-Water Heat Exchanger Air collector (31 m²) 9

10 Test plant in Bishkek hydraulic station 10

11 Preliminary results 4 years of operation experience Solar gains UC over 1000 kwh/m²a (in Germany about 250) Air collector (so far) too expensive Costs HX Uncovered Collector, depending on climate Serial connection of HX and UC not always reasonable Special adjustment on local conditions needed Being investigated: Integration in CHP process Optimization of HX construction Hydraulic connection of large collector fields 11

12 Difficult market conditions for renewables... in DE: ca. 50 ct/kwh el ca ct/kwh Production costs in Kyrgyzstan: Electr. 2 ct/kwh el District heat 1,5...2 ct/kwh 12

13 Potential Bishkek Central Heat and Power Plant TEZ (2 GW th ) ca m 2 on the roofs ca m 2 on the ground nearby Decentralized heat plant ca m² on 4 plants (each plant 2 MW th ) 13

14 Economical feasibility Assumtions m 2 (2,7 Mio. ) /m 2 investments Gas price in -ct/kwh interest = 13 %/a CO 2 certificates = 6 1 Solar heat Gas import: USD per 1000 m³ 14

15 Potential in CIS countries 23 out of 157 TEZ 5 out of 27 TEZ Overall about 40 out of 200 large CHP plants in CIS suitable 2 out of 3 TEZ 1 out of 2 TEZ 4 TEZ 2 TEZ 15

16 Obstacles Obstacles cultural Scepticism about a new technology economical: absence of appropriate credit programs technical: area demand (up to 10 football fields) 16

17 Conclusion Solar-assisted district heating in CIS countries Technically feasible Very high solar gains ( 1000 kwh/m²a) Extremely cheap ( 0,5 ct/kwh) m 2 in Bishkek possible Potential 40 CHPs in CIS 17