Phytosanitary Workshop on the Quarantine Pathogen Xylella fastidiosa. EU-COST 873 project Bacterial diseases of stonefruits and nuts

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1 18-22 October, 2010 Phytosanitary Workshop on the Quarantine Pathogen Xylella fastidiosa EU-COST 873 project Bacterial diseases of stonefruits and nuts Director Dr. Cosimo LACIRIGNOLA

2 CIHEAM CIHEAM Founded in 1962, the International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM) is an intergovernmental organisation comprising thirteen member countries from the Mediterranean Basin (Albania, Algeria, Egypt, Spain, France, Greece, Italy, Lebanon, Malta, Morocco, Portugal, Tunisia and Turkey).

3 CIHEAM The MISSION for a sustainable agriculture in the Mediterranean In pursuing its three central missions EDUCATION, RESEARCH and COOPERATION, CIHEAM has come to be recognised as an authority in its fields of activity: Mediterranean agriculture, food and sustainable rural development.

4 CIHEAM 4 Mediterranean Agronomic Institutes Training areas and research fields MAI Montpellier Rural societies, territories, resources management; Policies and public choices in the agricultural and food sectors; Rural Development & Agri-Food chains and actor s strategies. MAI Bari Land development and management of water resources: irrigated agriculture; Integrated pest management of Mediterranean fruit tree species; Mediterranean organic agriculture; Sustainable agriculture and rural development. MAI Zaragoza Animal production techniques; Fisheries and aquaculture management. MAI Chania Protection and conservation of Mediterranean environments; Plant biotechnology applications; Food quality identification and certification.

5 MAI-Bari MAI-Bari The Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (MAI-Bari) was established by CIHEAM in 1962 as its Italian operating facility, and it enjoys the privileges of extra-territoriality attributed to international organisations by the Republic of Italy. Objectives Enhancing human resources as an all-important factor of sustainable development in Mediterranean agriculture; Deepening, widening and spreading scientific and technological knowledge as a basic factor to improve production techniques; Disseminating the culture of international co-operationoperation as a key-factor to socio-economic development and peaceful coexistence of Mediterranean peoples.

6 Campus CAMPUS Stretching over a surface of 10 ha; Teaching facilities: three 25-seat & one 50-seat classrooms all equipped with two-language simultaneous translation facilities and a multi-purpose projection system; Trainees residence with 70 single rooms; Restaurant hall with 160 seats; Residence for visiting professors; Library and a Documentation Centre; Multipurpose playgrounds & Sports Hall.

7 MAI-Bari Thematic Areas Integrated pest management of Mediterranean fruit tree species Land and water resources management Mediterranean organic agriculture Sustainable agriculture and rural development

8 Thematic Areas / LAND AND WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT LAND AND WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT General Objective Improve the use and sustainable management of land and water resources through the development and implementation of advanced technologies for water saving and conservation of natural resources Specific Objectives Improve water use efficiency and water productivity; Improve the performance of large scale irrigation systems; Improve the performance of farm irrigation systems; Use of unconventional water resources; Development of new irrigation technologies; Integration and up-scaling at the watershed scale; Sustainable use and management of Mediterranean soils; Human resources development.

9 Thematic Areas / INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT OF MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT CROPS INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT OF MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT TREE SPECIES General Objective Contribute to the improvement of the quality and production of Mediterranean fruit trees Specific Objectives Develop skills related to IPM practices and techniques; Create awareness on sanitary issues affecting fruit trees production to prevent the spread of harmful pests and diseases in the Mediterranean area; Establish, standardize, validate technical protocols for pest control before their application on a large scale in a given country; Update information on the sanitary status of fruit trees in the Mediterranean area.

10 Thematic Areas / MEDITERRANEAN ORGANIC AGRICULTURE MEDITERRANEAN ORGANIC AGRICULTURE General Objective Promote the development of organic farming in the Mediterranean in order to harmonize the relationship between land, agriculture and environment in sustainable development Specific Objectives Develop agronomic skills related to practices and techniques of Mediterranean Organic Agriculture production and management; Develop skills related to legislation, inspection, certification and labeling of organicallyproduced food and fibres; Build capacity in socio-economic analysis and market strategy for organic agriculture; Provide trainees with the necessary tools and expertise to assess the agricultural, environmental, and socio-economic opportunities and constraints of organic agriculture in different Mediterranean areas.

11 Thematic Areas / SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT General Objective Promote in the Mediterranean a dynamic agriculture integrated into rural development and based on: Specificity of the territory Active participation of local stakeholders Specific Objectives Human resources development Strengthening institutional capacity building Creation and dissemination of knowledge

12 TRAINING & EDUCATION TRAINING & EDUCATION Education to Excellence ( ) Post Graduate Specialization Diploma 2581 MASTER OF SCIENCE PROGRAMMES Long duration courses (8 months to 2 years) 661 Land and Water Resources Management: Irrigated Agriculture; Integrated Pest Management of Med Fruit Tree Crops; Mediterranean Organic Agriculture; ADVANCED SPECIALIZATION COURSE (3 to 8 months) Sustainable agriculture and rural development 198 SHORT AND INTENSIVE COURSES 5020 Modular courses Stages Project oriented courses Follow-up seminars DISTANCE LEARNING COURSES 300 Support to Doctoral Studies 45 The academic regulations of CIHEAM MSc programmes are harmonized with the Bologna process regulations

13 TRAINING & EDUCATION TRAINING & EDUCATION Students Countries of Origin The unique character of our courses is based on the participation of worldwide students and lecturers. European Countries: Cyprus, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Spain, Slovenia. Eastern Adriatic Countries: Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia Eastern & Southern Mediterranean Countries: Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Palestine, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey Other Countries: Angola, Bangladesh, Burundi, China, Ethiopia, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Oman, Senegal, Sudan

14 TRAINING & EDUCATION TRAINING & EDUCATION Distance Learning General objective: Support the institutional training activity Specific objectives: Set up a Human Resources Center Elaboration of a MAIB Distance Learning Model Production and delivery of a D.L. course Catalog DL Catalogue for 8 courses: 1. Quality management of typical and organic products in the Mediterranean-Balkan area; 2. Marketing of organic olive oil (English & Arabic); 3. On-demand pressurized irrigation system; 4. Severe virus and virus-like diseases: a potential threat to the Mediterranean citrus industry; 5. Agricultural policies: instructions, tools and evaluation; 6. Marketing of organic agri-food products; 7. Distance Learning tutor; 8. Technological innovations and advanced models of land and water resource management in the Mediterranean-Balkan area. el.iamb.it The Platform

15 RESEARCH RESEARCH Applied Research Activities Applied research activity based on a problem-solving approach to solve peculiar problems of the Mediterranean region. Actions are designed and carried out in a rigorously scientific manner, relying upon basic knowledge and sustainable innovative solutions for the target areas. Couple the most advanced scientific and technological knowledge with effective and practical solutions in the areas where they will be applied to produce the best impact on the territory and local populations.

16 RESEARCH RESEARCH MEDITERRANEAN NETWORKS MAIB coordinates several Research Networks creating permanent links among Mediterranean Institutions.

17 IPM/Division Anna Maria D ONGHIA Coordinator Michele DIGIARO Researcher Senior Plant Virologist Kaled DEJLOUAH Researcher Senior Plant Virologist Giuseppe SANTORO Administrative Rocco BRANDONISIO Technician PhD Students Ahmed Hussein (Egypt) Ahmed Ismail (Egypt) Dorsaf Yahiaoui(Tunisia) External collaboration with Prof. Francesco PORCELLI - Entomologist (UNIBA) Prof. Jaap JANSE Bacteriologist - NAK IPM Staff Thaer YASEEN Researcher senior Plant Mycologist Toufic EL BEAINO Researcher senior Plant Virologist Franco VALENTINI Researcher junior Plant Bacteriologist Stefania GUALANO Researcher Jr. Computer Scientist Franco SANTORO Researcher Jr Electronic Engineer Dayana FRASHERI Researcher Jr. in vitro culture and diagnosis Giuseppe CAVALLO Technician Roberta SERINI Technician

18 IPM/Division The History Established in 1985 by CIHEAM/IAMB in collaboration with FAO & University of Bari Virology Center for the Production of Virus-free Material of Mediterranean Fruit Tree Crops citrus, grapevine, stone and pomefruits Mycology Bacteriology Entomology IPM of Mediterranean Fruit Tree Species citrus, grapevine, stone and pomefruits, olive, palm

19 Overall Objective IPM/Division A SUSTAINABLE FRUIT TREE CULTURE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION Virology Specific objectives To prepare technical officers and researchers in IPM To raise awareness on sanitary problems for preventing dissemination of harmful pests Mycology Bacteriology To set up, standardize, validate technical protocols (pest monitoring, detection and control; germplasm sanitation and conservation) before their application on a large scale To update information on the sanitary status of fruit tree crops Entomology To characterize known/new pathogens of Med. importance To support harmonized legislative instruments for the application of phytosanitary rules To promote the production and use of healthy propagating material of fruit crops as an essential preventive measure for pest control and for the enhancement of native germplasm

20 The strategy IPM/Division 1995 Barcelona declaration for the establishment of a free trade euro-med area (deadline 2010) the quality of propagating material was a fundamental requirement Liberalization of trade of plant materials and products in the Mediterranean Possible pests dissemination Production, conservation and use of healthy native germplasm Improving pest detection Developing efficient pest alert systems IPM STRATEGY Proactive Reactive Biointensive IPM approach IT IS STILL A VALID INTUITION!

21 In 1995 CIHEAM/MAIB initially supported the activation of the IPM Mediterranean Research Network OVERALL GOAL To promote the pomological and sanitary certification of nursery plants and the control of quarantine pests in the Mediterranean IPM/Division MNCC MNGC IPM Networks MNFT MNO

22 EDUCATION & TRAINING Short courses - DSPU - MSc PhD IPM/Division To prepare farmers, technical officers and researchers in IPM SERVICES Networking RESEARCH COOPERATION

23 Course objectives in the 1 st year The Master of Science Programme in Integrated Pest Management of Mediterranean Fruit Tree Species to prepare experts in IPM of Mediterranean fruit tree species able to apply and transfer: basic principles of IPM with emphasis on the bio-intensive strategy pest risk analysis and control measures technical protocols for the use of certified propagating material techniques for monitoring, identification and diagnosis of key pests and pathogens;- sound management of biotic and abiotic disorders through the application of environmentally and human friendly means of control IPM strategy in the context of each specific Mediterranean fruit tree species CROP LIFE / MAIB DIPLOMING COURSE on Training IPM trainers Course objectives in the 2nd year to prepare experts and researchers able to: - apply the most innovative methods for pest identification and control - acquire new data on topics of great importance for the student s country of origin PhD: An opportunity to complete the research started in the MSc Mobility Master programmes

24 APPLIED RESEARCH Topics of importance for the student s country of origin in collaboration with Italian and Mediterranean scientific institutions PROBLEM SOLVING IPM/Division SERVICES Networking EDUCATION & TRAINING COOPERATION

25 IPM/Division Entomology & Nematology Identification, detection and control of insect pests and pathogen vectors Native fruit tree genotypes Clonal and sanitary selection Conservation Bacteriology Characterization Epidemiology Diagnosis and control Virology Characterization Diagnosis Epidemiology Diagnosis MSc 74 PhD 23 MSc 6 PhD 3 Micology MSc 15 IPM Research citrus, palm, grapevine, olive, pome and stonefruits Characterization Epidemiology Diagnosis and control MSc 29 PhD 7 MSc 7 PhD 1 MSc 2 PhD 1 MSc 4 Proximal and remote sensing Monitoring biotic and abiotic disorders Germplasm identification DNA-Barcode Identification of pests molecular markers

26 BACTERIOLOGY OF FRUIT TREE SPECIES Collaborations NETHERLANDS J. Janse NAK ITALY R. Buonaurio University of Perugia G. Cirvilleri University of Catania L. Varvaro University of Tuscia F. Valentini CIHEAM/IAMB SYRIA M. Abu Ghorra Damascus University MOROCCO M. Fatmi IAV Hassan II, Agadir TUNISIA S. Chebil Centre de Biotechnologie, Cedria EGYPT N. S. Farag ARC Giza A. A. Galal Minia University

27 BACTERIOLOGY OF FRUIT TREE SPECIES Research Monitoring, mapping, isolation, identification and characterization of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. s savastanoi in olive trees in different Mediterranean countries Collection of 300 isolates from olive and 30 type strains of Mediterranean origin

28 Geographical distribution and characterization BACTERIOLOGY OF FRUIT TREE SPECIES Research Erwinia amylovora in Morocco Fire Blight Disease Agrobacterium spp. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) crown gall in Tunisia

29 Bacteriology activities at IAM-Bari with the collaboration of Dr. J. Janse - NAK MSc. Course on IPM of Med. Fruit tree species Lectures and lab. practical Cooperation programs in Tunisia and Algeria Short-course

30 Research Project - Apulia Region since IPM/Division Monitoring of Citrus tristeza virus by proximal and remote sensing Field data Spectral signatures Vegetation indices Correlation of ground and satelite data Mulltispectral image acquisition Recognition algorithm

31 Research Project IPM/Division Apulia Region Research Unit - Apulian network of laboratories for the - selection, characterization and conservation of germplasm; and - prevention of spread of harmful organisms of quarantene and of economical importance Equipments and facilities for the competitiveness of the research laboratories

32 IPM/Division Research project Italian Ministry of Agriculture - MiPAAF Setting up of methods and technical protocols for the biological control of soil-borne pathogens and nematodes in the nursery to be applied in organic olive and citrus nurseries Planning, coordination, training, applied research Organic citrus and olive nursery plant certification In accordance to EU regulations

33 COOPERATION Transfer of know how Planning, technical assistance, training, applied research IPM/Division SERVICES Networking EDUCATION & TRAINING RESEARCH

34 Cooperational projects Italian Cooperation IPM/Division Ended Ongoing Production, conservation and use of certified native germplasm IPM programmes Updating Phytosanitary regulations

35 SERVICE to support National and Mediterranean Phytosanitary Services Production and conservation of healthy native germplasm Monitoring of quarantene pathogens Testing pesticide efficacy IPM/Division RESEARCH Networking COOPERATION EDUCATION & TRAINING

36 Officialy recognized by MIPAAF Accreditated laboratory for pathogen detection Plant Quarantine Center Testing Center (pesticide efficacy) Center for the conservation of primary sources IPM/Division Laboratories Serological and molecular detection Pathogen culturing In-vitro culture Production of antisera Greenhouses Temperature-controlled,heated tunnels, screenhouses and sheds Chambers Thermotherapy, temperature-controlled and cold Experimental fields

37 Annual Service Project since 1996 Apulia Region Certification and quarantine programmes in Apulia Region and tranfer of know how IPM/Division Citrus tristeza virus Project planning, technical assistance, operational and administrative management and training are annually provided to Apulia Region for the control of quarantine pathogens (CTV, PPV and Flavescence dorèe) and for the sanitary controls in the certification programme of fruit crops. Flavescence dorèe of grapevine Plum pox virus (Sharka)

38 BUON LAVORO A TUTTI!

39 Monitoring, mapping, isolation, identification and characterization in different Mediterranean countries of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi, the agent of olive knot Field Monitoring and mapping Bacteria isolation Bacteria characterization tests Pathogenicity test - + Tests of Virulence - kb Detection of iaal gene (PCR) Molecular characterization 454 bp k b Detection of ptz gene (PCR) 251 bp rep-pcr (repetitive-sequence based Polymerase Chain Reaction) α NCPPB1106MW β A B D E DZ603 IAp111 E594 C F TN170 TR131 H E620 I LMG2209 IUm35 G IAp109 Q IAp119 ISi191 ISi192 J SYR617 ISi626 ISi627 L M N K P O SCG613 E592 IPV1510 IPV1676 GR189 NCPPB1106 LMG1247 LMG2352 Electroforesis of the amplified fragments by rep-pcr DNA fingerprints obtained with rep-pcr using the primers ERIC, KRPN2 and REP