Report on Proposals June 2011 NFPA 70E. 70E-1 Log #7 EEW-AAA

Transcription

1 70E-1 Log #7 EEW-AAA Palmer L. Hickman, National Joint Apprentice & Training Committee Revise text as follows: This edition of,, was prepared by the Technical Committee on Electrical Safety in the Workplace and released by the Technical Correlating Committee on National Electrical Code, and acted on by NFPA at its June Association Technical Meeting held June 2 5, 2008, in Las Vegas, NV. It was issued by the Standards Council on July 24, 2008, with an effective date of September 5, 2008, and supersedes all previous editions. It is not the intent that this standard become effective until 180 days from the date of issue by the Standards Council. The present wording in the 2009 edition of indicates that 70E has an effective date that is the same date as the issue date by Standards Council. A 180 implementation date is proposed to allow users to update procedures and training in accordance with any changes that have occurred in the standard. This delayed implementation is line with what is done with other codes and standards such as OSHA and the NESC. It is the intent that the dates for the NFPA Association Technical Meeting and Standards Council issuance in the proposed text above be changed to reflect the actual dates associated with the next edition of. 70E-2 Log #2 EEW-AAA Technical Correlating Committee on National Electrical Code, The Technical Correlating Committee directs that the definitions used in more than one article be relocated to Article 100. Otherwise, the definition will be located in the article where it is used in accordance with the NEC Style Manual. This action will be considered by the committee as a public comment. This is a direction from the Technical Correlating Committee on the National Electrical Code in accordance with and of the Regulations Governing Committee Projects. The committee respectfully requests that the definitions remain as they are currently located (in the 2009 edition) for the 2012 edition. Because there is a single technical committee responsible for, the management of definitions is less cumbersome than for larger projects, with multiple technical committees, such as is the case with NFPA E-3 Log #CP9 EEW-AAA Technical Committee on Electrical Safety in the Workplace, Review entire document to: 1) Update any extracted material by preparing separate proposals to do so, and 2) review and update references to other organizations documents, by preparing proposal(s) as required. To conform to the NFPA Regulations Governing Committee Projects. 1

2 70E-4 Log #79 EEW-AAA James A. Elias, Jr., Campbell Soup Company Address how an evaluation of equipment for Arc Flash should be conducted. No guidelines exist for evaluation. A piece of electrical equipment such as a switchboard can be given two different categories 4 and 0 by calculating the main breaker as a separate device even if it feeds the distribution section with bus duct within the same enclosure. This procedure can be done to motor control centers also. This is a false analysis and will put the employee at risk. I have checked with one major electrical panel manufacturer and their reply was to address it as one piece of equipment. This proposal does not contain recommended text as is required by Section 4.3.3(c) of the NFPA Regulations Governing Committee Projects. 70E-5 Log #188 EEW-AAA Alvin Havens, e-hazard Management, LLC Before any reference to "Flame Resistant" or the initials "FR" insert Arc-Rated or AR as applicable. The definition of Flame-Resistant (FR) does not refer to any material property or attribute value in terms of the material's performance when exposed to an electrical arc. The definition of Arc Rating does refer to that attribute. Therefore, whenever the 70E Standard's text is referring to the arc rating of materials, the term Arc-Rated or AR needs to be inserted before FR. Materials can be flame resistant without being arc rated. Domestic draperies are a good example. They are flame resistant but not arc resistant. All arc rated materials are flame resistant. Not all flame resistant materials are arc rated. It is my opinion that it is imperative that 70E consistently refers to the arc-rating of materials, whether or not it refers to the flame resistant characteristic of the materials. The committee action on Proposal 70E-55 addresses the recommendation. 70E-6 Log #83 EEW-AAA Thomas Doyle, Industrial Safety Integration Revise text to read as follows: The purpose of this Standard is to provide a practical guidance with regard to establishing a safe working area environment for employees relative to... This standard provides guidance. It does not provide a practical safe working area. The proposed text does not provide additional clarity. The requirements in provide a practical safe working area. Based on 90.5(A), the standard is written in mandatory language. 2

3 70E-7 Log #84 EEW-AAA Thomas Doyle, Industrial Safety Integration Revise text to read as follows:...the hazards and risks arising from interaction with and/or the use of electricity and its associated apparatus. This clause does not mention interaction with electrical systems. I think this is a very important point to make early in the document. The safe use of electricity is generally addressed though conformity with the National Electrical Code as applicable. Interaction with electrical system, apparatus, and equipment is not addressed in the National Electrical Code; therefore, it must be included in the Purpose of this standard. The recommended text does not add clarity to the existing provision. 70E-8 Log #22 EEW-AAA National Electrical Code Technical Correlating Committee, 90.2 Scope. (A) Covered. This standard addresses electrical work practices for employees that are necessary to provide a practical safe workplace relative to the hazards associated with electrical energy during activities such as the installation, operation, maintenance, and demolition of electric conductors, electric equipment, signaling and communications conductors and equipment, and raceways. This standard also includes safe work practices for employees performing other work activities that can expose them to electrical hazards. (B) Not Covered. This standard does not cover work practices for: (1) Installations in ships, watercraft other than floating buildings, railway rolling stock, aircraft, or automotive vehicles other than mobile homes and recreational vehicles (2) Installations underground in mines (and self-propelled mobile surface mining machinery and its attendant electrical trailing cable (3) Installations of railways for generation, transformation, transmission, or distribution of power used exclusively for operation of rolling stock or installations used exclusively for signaling and communications purposes (4) Installations of communications equipment under the exclusive control of communications utilities located outdoors or in building spaces used exclusively for such installations (5) Installations under the exclusive control of an electric utility where such installations: a. Consist of service drops or service laterals, and associated metering, or b. Are located in legally established easements or rights-of-way designated by or recognized by public service commissions, utility commissions, or other regulatory agencies having jurisdiction for such installations, or c. Are on property owned or leased by the electric utility for the purpose of communications, metering, generation, control, transformation, transmission, or distribution of electric energy. The reason for the proposed revisions to the Document Scope are as follows: The revisions to subdivision (B), the revisions to the first sentence in (A), and the list items in 90.2(A), were made to make it clear that the standard covers work practices, rather than installations. The second sentence in (A) was added to cover employees who could be exposed to electrical hazards while performing other non electrical work, such as a painter who could come into contact with an energized conductor. The committee respectfully requests that the TCC clarify and substantiate the recommended action for The committee is not clear whether it is the TCC's intent to delete 90.2(A) (1) through (4). The committee understands that there are revisions to 90.2(B)(5) for the 2011 NEC and wants to ensure that the TCC correlates these changes between the two documents. 3

4 70E-9 Log #360 EEW-AAA Paul Dobrowsky, Innovative Technology Services Revise text to read as follows: This standard addresses electrical safety requirements for employee workplaces that are necessary for the practical safeguarding of employees during activities such as the installation, operation, maintenance, and demolition, and inspection of electric conductors, electric equipment, signaling and communications conductors and equipment, and raceways for the following: Inspection activities need to be included in this section. Electrical inspectors can be exposed to hazards during inspections of installations and are covered by this standard. Revise the recommendation to read: This standard addresses electrical safety requirements for employee workplaces that are necessary for the practical safeguarding of employees during activities such as the installation, inspection, operation, maintenance, and demolition, and inspection of electric conductors, electric equipment, signaling and communications conductors and equipment, and raceways for the following: The committee has moved the location of "inspection" for clarity. 70E-10 Log #510 EEW-AAA Paul Dobrowsky, Holley, NY Revise text to read as follows: 90.2 Scope. (A) Covered. This standard addresses electrical safety requirements for employee workplaces that are necessary for the practical safeguarding of employees during activities such as the installation, operation, maintenance, and demolition of electric conductors, electric equipment, signaling and communications conductors and equipment, and raceways and for activities that involve unqualified persons that are or can be exposed to electrical hazards for the following: The standard also addresses requirements for unqualified persons and should be included in the scope. I realize this makes for a very long sentence, but I don't have a better solution at this point. Other trades work in proximity to overhead lines and in areas where live parts are exposed by qualified persons. Employers need to ensure that unqualified persons are aware of the hazards. The proposed text does not provide additional clarity to the document scope. Based on 90.1 "the purpose of this standard is to provide a practical safe working area for employees relative to the hazards arising from the use of electricity". Employees include qualified and unqualified persons. 4

5 70E-11 Log #456 EEW-AAA Danny Liggett, DuPont Revise 90.2(A)(4) to read as follows: (4) Installations used by the electric utility, such as office buildings, warehouses, garages, machine shops, and recreational buildings, that are not an integral part of a generating plant, substation, or control center Even if the facilities listed in 90.2(A)(4) are part of a generating plant, substation or control center in the installations should be covered by. Neither the physics of electricity nor the hazards associated with the installations of lighting circuits or control circuits change because they are at one of these facilities. Any electrical work associated with an office at a generating plant should be covered by. The current wording would imply that this work would not be covered. 70E-12 Log #522 EEW-AAA T David Mills, Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, LLC Insert New 90.5 and renumber the remaining sections Enforcement. This standard is intended to be suitable for mandatory application by governmental bodies that exercise legal jurisdiction over electrical installations and safe work practices. The authority having jurisdiction for enforcement of the standard has the responsibility for making interpretations of the rules, for deciding on the approval of the work practices and methods, and for granting the special permission contemplated in a number of the rules. By special permission, the authority having jurisdiction may waive specific requirements in this standard or permit alternative methods where it is assured that equivalent objectives can be achieved by establishing and maintaining effective safety. There is no enforcement provision in, which makes it difficult for the AHJ to make field decisions that cannot directly correlate with the standard text. Since the passage of the Code of Federal Regulations 10CFR851, which invokes as law, the implementation the standard has become untenable for certain field conditions. Allowing the same type of enforcement allowances as the NEC does will make the task of enforcement more reasonable and would not reduce the safety of workers. This document is a consensus standard suitable for adoption by employers. The entity (employer) that adopts is responsible for enforcement of the requirements in the standard. 5

6 70E-13 Log #181 EEW-AAA Michael J. Johnston, National Electrical Contractors Association Revise Section 90.5(C) as follows: (C) Explanatory Material. Explanatory Material, such as references to other standards, references to related sections of this standard, or information related to a Code rule, is included in this standard in the form of informational notes fine print notes (FPNs). Fine print notes Such notes are informational only and are not enforceable as requirements of this standard. Brackets containing section references to another NFPA document are for informational purposes only and are provided as a guide to indicate the source of the extracted text. These bracketed references immediately follow the extracted text. FPN Informational Note: The format and language used in this standard follow guidelines established by NFPA and published in the NEC Style Manual. Copies of this manual can be obtained from NFPA. Change the term "fine print note" and the acronym "(FPN)" to informational note in all locations where it currently appears in and revisions that suggest a new informational note. This change is proposed to provide consistency between the NEC and. The term "fine print note" and the acronym "(FPN)" should be replaced with the term "Informational Note" globally throughout. The same substantiation used to change the NEC can be used to justify this revision in. Fine print notes (FPNs) can be mistaken as fine print or smaller print and this does not provide clear distinction between other notes in the Standard that are applicable and enforceable as requirements but are to provide users information only to assist in applying the rules. 70E-13a Log #CP10 EEW-AAA Technical Committee on Electrical Safety in the Workplace, Delete the term "appliance" from Article 100. The definition does not comply with Section of the NEC Style Manual (2003 Edition), which requires that a term be used in two or more articles before a definition is provided in Article 100. The term appliance does not appear elsewhere in the 70E standard. 70E-14 Log #CP1 EEW-AAA Technical Committee on Electrical Safety in the Workplace, Adopt the preferred definition from the NFPA Glossary of Terms as follows: Utilization equipment, generally other than industrial, normally built in standardized sizes or types, that is installed or connected as a unit to perform one or more functions such as clothes washing, air conditioning, food mixing, deep frying, and so forth. (, 2006) This definition is the preferred definition from the Glossary of Terms. Changing the secondary definition to the preferred definition complies with the Glossary of Terms Project. The committee action on Proposal 70e-13a deletes the definition of "appliance". 6

7 70E-15 Log #148 EEW-AAA Bobby J. Gray, Hoydar/Buck, Inc. Add a new definition to read as follows: Arc. A continuous discharge of electricity across an insulating medium, usually accompanied by the partial volatilization of the electrodes. The document uses the term in many places including definitions and requirements. It is important to define the term to avoid misunderstanding between this word and similar words, (e.g., arc flash, arc blast, etc.), that represent a definitive electrical hazard. An arc may or may not be hazardous, depending on context. The committee does not agree with the recommendation because an arc is not always continuous and not all discharges across an insulating medium are arcs. 70E-16 Log #149 EEW-AAA Bobby J. Gray, Hoydar/Buck, Inc. Add a new definition to read as follows: Arc Blast. A condition associated with the explosive effects of an arc flash event. It is usually expressed with the excessive release of pressure, sound, shrapnel, molten metal, and other elements at a high rate of speed. The document uses the term in many places including definitions and requirements. It is important to define the term to avoid misunderstanding between this word and similar words, (e.g., arc flash, arc blast, etc.), to ensure protection is considered for all electrical hazards, not just the thermal effects of an event (See 130.7(A) FPN No. 1). Annex K provides insight on what an arc blast is. The recommended definition introduces new terms such as "excessive pressure" and "high rate of speed" which are not defined in the standard. 70E-17 Log #150 EEW-AAA Bobby J. Gray, Hoydar/Buck, Inc. Add a new definition to read as follows: Arc Flash. An event that is accompanied by an uncontrolled release of energy in the form of exceptionally high heat and light, and may include arc blast. It is a self-sustaining arc that creates ionization of the air in the vicinity of the initiating arc and will continue until the current flow to the location is interrupted. The document uses the term in many places including definitions and requirements. It is important to define the term to avoid misunderstanding between this word and similar words, (e.g., arc flash, arc blast, etc.), to ensure protection is considered for all electrical hazards. It is critical to ensure appropriate controls are applied commensurate with the actual hazards. Some would consider the sparks generated by a fault at low (>208) voltages an arc flash event and prescribe the same levels of protection as for an actual arc flash event. This misunderstanding creates a loss of confidence in the standard by experienced workers that are exposed to electrical hazards and must apply the prescribed protection schemes. Annex K provides insight on what an arc flash is. 7

8 70E-18 Log #189 EEW-AAA Daleep C. Mohla, DCM Electrical Consulting Services, Inc. Revise the FPN No. 1 and add a new FPN No. 2. Renumber the existing FPN No. 2 as FPN No. 3, Delete the existing FPN No. 3. Arc Flash Hazard. A dangerous condition associated with the possible release of energy caused by an electric arc. FPN No. 1: An arc flash hazard may exist when energized electrical conductors or circuit parts are exposed or when they are within equipment in a guarded or enclosed condition, provided a person is interacting with the equipment in such a manner that could cause an electric arc. Under normal operating conditions with no interaction, enclosed energized equipment that has been properly installed and maintained is not likely to pose an arc flash hazard. FPN No. 2: The occurrence of arcing fault inside an enclosure produces a variety of physical phenomena very different from a bolted fault. For example, the arc energy resulting from an arc developed in air will cause a sudden pressure increase and localized overheating. Equipment and design practices are available to minimize the energy levels and the number of at-risk procedures that require an employee to be exposed to high level energy sources. Proven designs such as arc-resistant switchgear, remote racking (insertion or removal), remote opening and closing of switching devices, high-resistance grounding of low voltage and 5 kv (nominal) systems, current limitation, and specification of covered bus within equipment are techniques available to reduce the hazard of the system. FPN No. 2: 3 See Table 130.7(C)(9) for examples of activities that could pose an arc flash hazard. FPN No. 3: See for arc flash hazard analysis information. FPN No. 1 has been clarified by addition of "with no interaction". Section 130.1, FPN No. 3 has been relocated as new FPN No. 2. Existing FPN No. 2 has been renumbered as FPN No. 3. Existing FPN No. 3 has been proposed to be relocated under the definition of Arc Flash Hazard Analysis. The committee accepts the deletion on Fine Print Note No. 3 and rejects the remainder of the recommendation. The committee action on Proposal 70E-195 adds the recommended new text in this proposal to be Fine Print Note No. 3 to E-19 Log #190 EEW-AAA Daleep C. Mohla, DCM Electrical Consulting Services, Inc. Revise text to read as follows: Arc Flash Hazard Analysis. A study investigating a worker's potential exposure to arc-flash energy, conducted for the purpose of injury prevention and the determination of safe work practices, arc flash protection boundary, and the appropriate levels of PPE. Informational Note: See for arc flash hazard analysis information. The existing FPN No. 3 from the Definition of Arc Flash Hazard has been relocated as a new Informational Note. This note provides additional information on Arc Flash Hazard Analysis, not Arc Flash Hazard. The recommended fine print note does not provide additional understanding to this definition. 8

9 70E-20 Log #268 EEW-AAA Carey J. Cook, S&C Electric Company Add new text to read as follows: A study investigating a worker's potential exposure to arc-flash energy, conducted for the purpose of injury prevention and the determination of safe work practices, arc flash protection boundary, and the appropriate levels of PPE. IN: An is a method used to predict the incident energy of an arc flash for a specified set of conditions: it's used in the arc flash hazard analysis. The purpose of the Information Note (IN) is to clarify the relationship between an incident energy analysis (not defined in 70E-2009) and an arc flash hazard analysis. Revise the recommendation to create an new definition as follows: Incident Energy Analysis. A study used to predict the incident energy of an arc flash for a specified set of conditions. The committee notes that the proposed informational note is better suited as a defined term. 70E-21 Log #447 EEW-AAA Mark Rucker, Toyota Motor Mfg., Kentucky, Inc. Revise to read as follows: Arc Flash Hazard Analysis. A study conducted for the determination of safe work practices, arc flash protection boundary, incident energy or hazard risk categories and the appropriate levels of arc flash PPE. This proposal harmonizes the definition of AFHA with the requirements of is the primary section that sets requirements for the AFHA (A) gives requirements for determining the Arc Flash Protection Boundary. Section 130.3(B) establishes the requirement for calculating incident energy or hazard risk categories from which arc flash (only) PPE is selected. The recommendation does not improve the clarity or application of the term. 9

10 70E-22 Log #428 EEW-AAA Elihu Hugh Hoagland IV, ArcWear.com/e-Hazard.com Revise text to read as follows: A complete FR arc-rated clothing and equipment system that covers the entire body, except for the hands and feet. FPN: This may includes pants or overalls, jacket, or a coverall and beekeeper-type hood fitted with a face shield. The full body coverage must be accomplished in all working conditions the worker may be in for the task. Long coats with leggings may be acceptable if they are accomplish full body coverage in the work condition. Ignitable underlayers will preclude the use of many ensembles. Balaclava/goggle assemblies may be used if they meet ASTM F2178 for the arc flash conditions and the AHJ has determined the exposure does not require a full facepiece. This definition is design restrictive. With the changes above, we offer more guidance and allow the definition to be non-restrictive in it s language. ASTM F2178 now allows the use of both bee-keeper style hoods and balaclava/goggle combinations. In some work environments fabric hoods OVER a dielectric hard hat could be a shock hazard. One instance was a low hanging buss bar in an old paper mill. Workers could hit the buss bar when walking through the area and a flash suit hood was unacceptable so they opted for a balaclava/goggle to meet 40 cal/cm² full face coverage. See ASTM F2178, ANSI Z87.1 and public data on Goggle/Balaclava systems tested to F2178. Accept the recommendation to revise the definition and modify the recommended FPN to read: FPN: An arc-flash suit This may include pants or overalls, jacket, or a coverall and beekeeper-type hood fitted with a face shield. The full body coverage must be accomplished in all working conditions the worker may be in for the task. Long coats with leggings may be acceptable if they are accomplish full body coverage in the work condition. Ignitable underlayers will preclude the use of many ensembles. Balaclava/goggle assemblies may be used if they meet ASTM F2178 for the arc flash conditions and the AHJ has determined the exposure does not require a full facepiece. The committee has revised the recommended informational note to remove mandatory text. 10

11 70E-23 Log #192 EEW-AAA Daleep C. Mohla, DCM Electrical Consulting Services, Inc. Revise the definition as below: Arc Rating. The value attributed to materials that describes their performance to exposure to an electrical arc discharge. The arc rating is expressed in cal/cm 2 and is derived from the determined value of the arc thermal performance value (ATPV) or energy of breakopen threshold (EBT) (should a material system exhibit a breakopen response below the ATPV value) derived from the determined value of ATPV or EBT. FPN: Breakopen is a material response evidenced by the formation of one or more holes in the innermost layer of flame resistant material that would allow flame to pass through the material. Informational Note: ATPV is defined in ASTM F 1959, Standard Test Method for Determining the Arc Thermal Performance Value of Material for Clothing, as the incident energy on a material or a multilayer system of materials that results in a 50% probability that sufficient heat transfer through the tested specimen is predicted to cause the onset of a second-degree skin burn injury based on the Stoll curve, cal/cm 2. EBT is defined in ASTM F1959 as the incident energy on a material or material system that results in a 50% probability of breakopen. Breakopen is a material response evidenced by the formation of one or more holes in the innermost layer of flame-resistant material that would allow flame to pass through the material. Arc rating is reported as either ATPV or EBT, whichever is the lower value. Existing FPN from Table 130.7(C)(11) has been relocated here as it applies to all PPE not necessarily PPE required by table 130.7(C)(11). Existing FPN is deleted as the text in the existing FPN is included in the new Informational Note. The committee action on Proposal 70E-24 addresses the recommendation of this proposal. 70E-24 Log #398 EEW-AAA Thomas E. Neal, Neal Associates Ltd. Revise text to read as follows: The value attributed to materials that describes their performance to exposure to an electrical arc discharge. The arc rating is expressed in cal/cm 2 and is derived from the determined value of the arc thermal performance value (ATPV) or energy of breakopen threshold (E BT ) (should a material system exhibit a breakopen response below the ATPV value) derived from the determined value of ATPV or E BT. Arc rating is reported as either ATPV or E BT whichever is the lower value. FPN No. 1: is a material response evidenced by the formation of one or more holes in the innermost layer of flame-resistant material that would allow flame to pass through the material.. FPN No. 2: ATPV is defined in ASTM F as the incident energy on a material or a multi-layer system of materials that results in a 50% probability that sufficient heat transfer through the tested specimen is predicted to cause the onset of a second-degree skin burn injury based on the Stoll curve, cal/cm 2. FPN No. 2: E BT is defined in ASTM F as the incident energy on a material or material system that results in a 50% probability of breakopen. Breakopen is defined as a hole with an area of 1.6 cm 2 (0.5 in 2 ) or an opening with a 2.5 cm (1.0 in.) in any dimension. The words deleted from the current definition are carried over from a typographical error in ASTM F standard need to be removed to avoid confusion. The added information regarding ATPV and E BT is currently only found in the note appended to hazard/risk category Table 130.7(C)(11), however, the information applies to all users of the document, not just those that use the hazard/risk category method. Including information regarding the two different types of arc ratings under the definition for arc rating provides clarity and enhances usability of the document. The committee notes that there are three Fine Print Notes in the recommendation. Two of the fine print notes are identified as "Fine Print Note" No.2. The second one should be Fine Print Note No

12 70E-25 Log #3 EEW-AAA Glossary of Terms Technical Advisory Committee / Marcelo Hirschler, Replace the definition of automatic with the following definition: Performing a function without the necessity of human intervention. Self-acting, operating by its own mechanism when actuated by some impersonal influence, as, for example, a change in current, pressure, temperature, or mechanical configuration. This proposal is intended to generate consistent definitions and minimize the number of duplicate definitions in the NFPA Glossary of Terms in accordance with the scope of the NFPA Glossary of Terms Technical Advisory Committee. Similar proposals are being submitted to NFPA 70, 96, 99, 101, 101B, 550, and E-26 Log #CP2 EEW-AAA Technical Committee on Electrical Safety in the Workplace, Adopt the preferred definition from the NFPA Glossary of Terms as follows: That which provides a function without the necessity of human intervention. (, 2009) This definition is the preferred definition from the Glossary of Terms. Changing the secondary definition to the preferred definition complies with the Glossary of Terms Project. The committee action on Proposal 70E-25 addresses the recommendation. 70E-27 Log #429 EEW-AAA Elihu Hugh Hoagland IV, ArcWear.com/e-Hazard.com Delete text as follows: An arc-rated FR hood that protects the neck and head except for facial area of the eyes and nose. FR is redundant at best and confusing at worst. See justification for removing definition of FR from the standard. 70E-28 Log #CP3 EEW-AAA Technical Committee on Electrical Safety in the Workplace, Adopt the preferred definition from the NFPA Glossary of Terms as follows: A physical obstruction that is intended to prevent contact with equipment or energized electrical conductors and circuit live parts or to prevent unauthorized access to a work area. (, 2007) This definition is the preferred definition from the Glossary of Terms. Changing the secondary definition to the preferred definition complies with the Glossary of Terms Project. The definition of the term "barrier" is appropriate within the context of this standard. 12

13 70E-29 Log #191 EEW-AAA Daleep C. Mohla, DCM Electrical Consulting Services, Inc. Add a new Informational Note under the definition: Informational Note. A second degree burn is possible by an exposure of an unprotected skin to an electric arc flash above the incident-energy level of 5 J/cm 2 (1.2 cal/cm 2 ). To clarify the relationship between incident energy and the onset of a second degree burn. directs staff to delete it. The committee notes that the use of "an" prior to "unprotected" is grammatically incorrect and 70E-30 Log #512 EEW-AAA Paul Dobrowsky, Holley, NY Revise the term by deleting the word "Protection". 100, Boundary, Arc Flash Protection The shock boundaries do not use the word "protection" although they are used to minimize the risk of shock. The boundary does not provide protection but is the distance where the incident energy is 1.2 cal/cm 2. Protection may be desired at a greater distance to reduce the possibility of any level of injury. The definition itself is unchanged by this proposal. The committee directs staff to implement this revision throughout the standard. 70E-31 Log #124 EEW-AAA E. W. Buss, Mashpee, MA Revise as follows:...distance from a prospective arc source an exposed energized electrical conductor or circuit part... Since exposed live part was deleted in 2009, there is confusion when energized circuit parts are behind equipment panels. An enclosed disconnect switch is a prospective arc source. If the committee rejects this proposal and reverts to the existing wording, the worker must assume a straight line distance (as if the metal enclosure does not exist) from the arc source to the worker when determining PPE. Note that the three remaining boundaries require exposed energized electrical conductor... Exposed energized conductors present a shock hazard and perhaps an arc flash hazard. Conversely, energized parts that are not exposed could pose an arc flash hazard but not a shock hazard. The current language is accurate. 13

14 70E-32 Log #151 EEW-AAA Bobby J. Gray, Hoydar/Buck, Inc. Revise definition to read as follows: Boundary, Limited Approach. An approach limit at a distance from an exposed energized electrical conductor or circuit part within which a shock hazard exists for an unqualified person. The standard considers an unqualified person at risk of electrical shock within the Limited Approach Boundary and prohibits that person from crossing the boundary unless continuously escorted by a qualified person (130.2(D)). It does not place the same restriction on the qualified person, nor does it require any shock protection PPE (excluding insulated tools and handing equipment under certain conditions in 130.7(D)) for a qualified person until the qualified person crosses the Restricted Approach Boundary. This change is necessary to clarify that the qualified person is not at risk of electrical shock under normal conditions until crossing the Restricted Approach Boundary due to the criteria for qualification and training as described and mandated by The limited approach boundary applies to qualified and unqualified persons. 70E-33 Log #51 EEW-AAA Thomas A. Carpenter, Aerospace Testing Alliance Revise the Boundary definitions as follows: Boundary, Limited Approach. An approach limit at a distance from an exposed energized electrical conductor or circuit part within which a shock hazard exists. Unqualified persons crossing this boundary must be escorted by at least one qualified person. Boundary, Prohibited Approach. An approach limit at a distance from an exposed energized electrical conductor or circuit part within which work is considered the same as making contact with the electrical conductor or circuit part. Only qualified persons may cross this boundary. Boundary, Restricted Approach. An approach limit at a distance from an exposed energized electrical conductor or circuit part within which there is an increased risk of shock, due to electrical arc over combined with the inadvertent movement, for personnel working in close proximity to the energized electrical conductor or circuit part. Only qualified persons may cross this boundary. Existing definitions did not provide guidance on how to use or apply them. The added verbiage provides this guidance. This information matches what is provided in Section and Annex C. Also, deleted reference to arc over in the restricted approach boundary definition as an arc does not increase the risk of shock. The committee concludes, per Section of the NEC Style Manual, that definitions shall not contain requirements or recommendations. 14

15 70E-34 Log #152 EEW-AAA Bobby J. Gray, Hoydar/Buck, Inc. Revise definition as follows: Boundary, Prohibited Approach. An approach limit at a distance from an exposed energized electrical conductor or circuit part within which work any uninsulated part of a person's body or extension of a person's body by an uninsulated conductive object is considered the same as making contact with the electrical conductor or circuit part. The term "work" implies that a person is intentionally making contact or working on energized circuit parts. This clarification will include the inadvertent contact by a person. Additionally, this change is necessary to distinguish between "working on" and crossing the Prohibited Approach Boundary. This will help clarify the requirement in 130.2(C) when a qualified person must don shock protection PPE. The boundary doesn't change based upon whether the person's body is insulated or not, or whether the extension is insulated or not. 70E-35 Log #153 EEW-AAA Bobby J. Gray, Hoydar/Buck, Inc. Revise definition as follows: Boundary, Restricted Approach. An approach limit at a distance from an exposed energized electrical conductor or circuit part within which there is an increased risk of shock, due to electrical arc over combined with inadvertent movement, for qualified personnel working in close proximity to the energized conductor or circuit part. Adding the qualifying term "qualified" reinforces the requirement that the restricted Approach Boundary is reserved for qualified persons. This proposal will provide correlation with the requirements listed in 130.2(C) and information found in Annex C since an unqualified worker is not allowed to work within the Restricted Approach Boundary without escort by the qualified worker. The restricted approach boundary applies to qualified and unqualified persons. 70E-36 Log #203 EEW-AAA Carey J. Cook, S&C Electric Company Delete term: Branch Circuit Overcurrent Device Branch-Circuit Overcurrent Device. A device capable of providing protection for service, feeder, and branch circuits and equipment over the full range of overcurrents between its rated current and its interrupting rating. Branch-circuit overcurrent protective devices are provided with interrupting ratings appropriate for the intended use but no less than 5,000 amperes. Definition does not comply with Section of the NEC Style Manual (2003 Edition), which requires that a term be used in two or more articles before a definition is provided in Article 100. The term Branch Circuit Overcurrent Device does not appear elsewhere in the 70E standard. 15

16 70E-37 Log #CP4 EEW-AAA Technical Committee on Electrical Safety in the Workplace, Adopt the preferred definition from the NFPA Glossary of Terms as follows: Any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy. [ 2009] This definition is the preferred definition from the Glossary of Terms. Changing the secondary definition to the preferred definition complies with the Glossary of Terms Project. 70E-38 Log #204 EEW-AAA Carey J. Cook, S&C Electric Company Delete term: Conductor, Bare Conductor, Bare. A conductor having no covering or electrical insulation whatsoever. Definition does not comply with Section of the NEC Style Manual (2003 Edition), which requires that a term be used in two or more articles before a definition is provided in Article 100. The term Conductor Bare does not appear elsewhere in the 70E standard. 70E-39 Log #205 EEW-AAA Carey J. Cook, S&C Electric Company Delete term: Conductor, Covered Conductor, Covered. A conductor encased within material of composition or thickness that is not recognized by this standard as electrical insulation. Definition does not comply with Section of the NEC Style Manual (2003 Edition), which requires that a term be used in two or more articles before a definition is provided in Article 100. The term Conductor, Covered does not appear elsewhere in the 70E standard. 70E-40 Log #206 EEW-AAA Carey J. Cook, S&C Electric Company Delete term: Conductor, Insulated Conductor, Insulated. A conductor encased within material of composition and thickness that is recognized by this standard as electrical insulation. Definition does not comply with Section of the NEC Style Manual (2003 Edition), which requires that a term be used in two or more articles before a definition is provided in Article 100. The term Conductor, Insulated does not appear elsewhere in the 70E standard. 16

17 70E-41 Log #207 EEW-AAA Carey J. Cook, S&C Electric Company Delete term: Coordination (Selective) Coordination (Selective). Localization of an overcurrent condition to restrict outages to the circuit or equipment affected, accomplished by the choice of overcurrent protective devices and their ratings or settings. Definition does not comply with Section of the NEC Style Manual (2003 Edition), which requires that a term be used in two or more articles before a definition is provided in Article 100. The term Coordination (Selective) does not appear elsewhere in the 70E standard. 70E-42 Log #208 EEW-AAA Carey J. Cook, S&C Electric Company Delete term: Current-Limiting Overcurrent Protective Device Current-Limiting Overcurrent Protective Device. A device that, when interrupting currents in its current-limiting range, reduces the current flowing in the faulted circuit to a magnitude substantially less than that obtainable in the same circuit if the device were replaced with a solid conductor having comparable impedance. Definition does not comply with Section of the NEC Style Manual (2003 Edition), which requires that a term be used in two or more articles before a definition is provided in Article 100. The term Current-Limiting Overcurrent Protective Device does not appear elsewhere in the 70E standard. The term "current-limiting" is used numerous times in the standard as a description for some fuses and some circuit breakers. 17

18 70E-43 Log #221 EEW-AAA John McAlhaney, Savannah River Nuclear Solutions Add a new definition with a Fine Print Note to Article 100, Definitions, for Electric Shock as follows: Electric Shock Stimulation of the nerves and possible convulsive contraction of the muscle caused by the passage of an electric current through the human body. FPN: An electric shock may be classified as a primary or secondary shock. A primary shock is a shock of such a magnitude that it may produce direct physiological harm. The results of primary shock are fibrillation, respiratory tetanus, and muscle contraction. A secondary shock is a shock of a magnitude such that it will not produce direct physiological harm, but may cause involuntary muscle reactions. The results of secondary shock are annoyance, alarm, and aversion. A definition is currently not provided in Article 100 to clearly define an electric shock so as to provide differentiation between a hazardous and non-hazardous shock. All electric shocks should not necessarily be considered hazardous to a person. A challenge in a laboratory environment of other similar industry where reporting of electrical events may be required is the differentiation between these hazardous and non-hazardous electrical energy. A new definition for "electric shock" will provide the differentiation in level of a shock based on the potential for direct physiological harm. The proposed definition is consistent with the current definition provided in the IEEE 100, The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms, Seventh Edition. IEEE Paper No. ESW-23, "A Complete Electrical Hazard Classification System and Its Application" presented at the 2009 Electrical Safety Workshop provides the technical basis for electric shocks that may be classified as non-hazardous. The paper discusses specific high voltage/low current applications and other applications such as capacitors that may not constitute an electrical shock hazard since they can not cause injury. The paper states "Examples of equipment with high voltage, very low shock currents include radiation detection circuits, small photo detectors, mass spectrometers and in general any instrument that uses a high voltage electric field to accelerate charged particles. Typical voltages are in the 1 to 5 kvm, and typically the currents are in the 10 to 100 microampere range. Although mild shocks from such equipment are well known in the laboratory, there is no known injury from such shocks" The recommendation limits the defined term to only certain physiological effects and the terms introduced in the recommended fine print note are not used in the standard. 70E-44 Log #371 EEW-AAA Ron Widup, Shermco Industries, Inc. / Rep. InterNational Electrical Testing Association (NETA) Add definition for Electric Shock : Electric Shock (as it relates to personnel). The act of contacting an energized electrical source sufficient to cause current flow. Many news stories and industry-related articles that communicate electrical injury and/or death improperly identify the incident as an electrocution, when it was actually an electrical shock event. The problem has been accentuated in recent years with the advent of internet-based news reporting and news outlets. This creates confusion and misrepresents the electrical injury event. Clarifying the meaning of the terms within the 70E will provide a point of reference as to the proper use of the terms. See related proposal for the definition of Electrocution. Electric shock is not necessarily limited to only contact incidents and additionally is not an "act". 18

19 70E-45 Log #370 EEW-AAA Ron Widup, Shermco Industries, Inc. / Rep. InterNational Electrical Testing Association (NETA) Add definition for Electrocution : Electrocution. The incident of death caused by an electric shock. Many news stories and industry-related articles that communicate electrical injury and/or death improperly identify the incident as an electrocution, when it was actually an electrical shock event. The problem has been accentuated in recent years with the advent of internet-based news reporting and news outlets. This creates confusion and misrepresents the electrical injury event. Clarifying the meaning of the terms within the 70E will provide a point of reference as to the proper use of the terms. See related proposal for the definition of Electric Shock (as it relates to personnel). The term does not appear within the standard other than in Annex K. 70E-46 Log #425 EEW-AAA Michael A. Anthony, University of Michigan / Rep. APPA.ORG - Association of Education Facility Executives Add one of the following definitions for "employee": Any person hired by an employer to do a specific "job". The term employee refers to a specific defined relationship between an individual and a corporation, which differs from those of customer, or client. One employed by another usually for wages or salary and in a position below the executive level. An individual who provides labor to a company or another person. The terms we propose appear in dozens, if not hundreds of times and therefore meet a necessary condition for inclusion in a list of definitions as stated in the NFPA Rules Governing Committee Projects. Our industry would benefit from language that distinguishes an electrician from an employee. In many cases, our employees -- such as security guards or general maintenance personnel -- are exposed to electrical hazards. In some cases, electricians working on our campuses are permanent employees of other organizations. Other definitions for employee and employer appear in a separate, but related, proposal. The submitter has not substantiated that the lack of a definition has resulted in misapplication of this commonly understood term. 19

20 70E-47 Log #424 EEW-AAA Michael A. Anthony, University of Michigan / Rep. APPA.ORG - Association of Education Facility Executives Add the following new definitions: An employee of an employer who is employed in the business of that employer which affects interstate commerce. A person engaged in a business who has employees, but does not include the United States (not including the United States Postal Service,) or any state or political subdivision of a state. These definitions originate in OSHA documents at the following link: The terms we propose appear in dozens, if not hundreds of times and therefore meet a necessary condition for inclusion in a list of definitions as stated in the NFPA Rules Governing Committee Projects. Our industry would benefit from language that distinguishes an electrician from an employee. In many cases, our employees -- such as security guards or general maintenance personnel -- are exposed to electrical hazards. In some cases, electricians working on our campuses are permanent employees of other organizations. Since the driver for is OSHA legislation, it seems appropriate that the committee consider the relevance of OSHA definitions. Other definitions for employee and employer appear in a separate, but related, proposal. The submitter has not substantiated that the lack of a definition has resulted in misapplication of these commonly understood terms. 70E-48 Log #426 EEW-AAA Michael A. Anthony, University of Michigan / Rep. APPA.ORG - Association of Education Facility Executives Add the following definitions for "employer" : A person, firm or other entity which pays for or hires the services of another person. The terms we propose appear in dozens, if not hundreds of times and therefore meet a necessary condition for inclusion in a list of definitions as stated in the NFPA Rules Governing Committee Projects. Recognizing that not every word used hundreds of times in this standard necessarily needs a definition, and that understanding the meaning of a requirement is often clear in context, our industry would still benefit from language that distinguishes different employer-employee relationships. In many cases, our employees -- such as security guards or general maintenance personnel -- are exposed to electrical hazards. In some cases, electricians working on our campuses are permanent employees of other organizations. Other definitions to continue discussion of this concept appear in a separate, but related, proposal. The submitter has not substantiated that the lack of a definition has resulted in misapplication of this commonly understood term. 70E-49 Log #CP5 EEW-AAA Technical Committee on Electrical Safety in the Workplace, Adopt the preferred definition from the NFPA Glossary of Terms as follows: Surrounded by a case, housing, fence, or wall(s) that prevents persons from accidentally contacting energized parts. [ 2008] This definition is the preferred definition from the Glossary of Terms. Changing the secondary definition to the preferred definition complies with the Glossary of Terms Project. 20