FTTH solutions for providing broadband services to end-users
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1 FTTH solutions for providing broadband services to end-users Thomas Pfeiffer, Alcatel SEL ITG workshop Zukunft der Netze Kaiserslautern,
2 New life for FTTH? > FTTH has been proposed and discussed since the late 80ies, but until recently has never been deployed on a larger scale > Presently environmental conditions are changing : increasingly bandwidth hungry applications competition for DSL by TV-cable political programs and regulation aggressive cost reduction of optical components > Increasing activity around FTTH observed worldwide Presentation Title 2
3 Outline > Observations about FTTH in the market > The technology > Deployment issues > Conclusion Presentation Title 3
4 The need for speed > No killer application, but provide triple play services with gradually increasing bandwidth requirements data high speed internet / peer-to-peer networks (file sharing) / onlinegaming / tele-medicine / e-learning /... support for high peak bitrate to support fast downloads is essential, rather than high average link capacity voice POTS / ISDN / VoIP video (the broadband service) broadcast TV / HDTV / VoD / time shifted TV / remote video recording / video-meeting / online-gaming / tele-medicine / e-learning /... video will increasingly shift from mainly broadcast downstream to unicast bidirectional services with real time requirements Presentation Title 4
5 Broadband in the market: competition > Presently competition for broadband between TV-cable / DSL/ satellite (minor) / wireless (to be seen) > Broadband in US in 2003 : 68 % via TV-cable, 31 % via DSL need for telecoms to upgrade their network beyond cable performance > Solution either upgrade to VDSL via remote nodes (bitrate not guaranteed) or directly switch to FTTH (reliable bitrates, differentiator in the market) Mbit/s Example : VDSL & ADSL over twisted pair VDSL ADSL 0,0 0,3 0,9 1,4 2,7 3,6 5,5 Distance in km of 24 (.5mm) ga wire 7300 ASAM with Remote Unit Extension Modules Remote Node Presentation Title 5
6 FTTH / FTTB vs. FTTx / xdsl solutions Customer Premise Drop Distribution Feeder InterOffice 1 Mbit/s FTTex - ADSL > 100 Mbit/s FTTArea - ADSL+ FTTCab - ADSL+ FTTC - VDSL FTTB - VDSL FTTH this talk (downstream bitrates per subscriber) MDU Curb Cabinet Remote (Area) electr. multiplexer CPE twisted pair fiber Presentation Title 6 MDU: Multi Dwelling Unit
7 FTTH around the world : Japan Connected FTTH subscribers of NTT (West + East) thousand subscribers FTTH investment 2004&05: 1.83 G$ (=25% of NTT total investments) 2004: > new subs per month in March of year Technology : BPON Mb/s EPON future EPON: (Gb/s), GPON? Services : internet VoIP TV Cost : 55,- /month for 100 Mb/s (about 30,- add. to DSL) mid 2004 : 1.2 million FTTH users vs. 10 million ADSL users Presentation Title 7
8 FTTH around the world : RoW > US : joint RFP of Verizon, SBC, Bell South in 2003 Verizon :presently the only one to deploy; will spend 1 (2) G$ in 2004 (2005); will have passed 1(2; 5) million homes by end 2004 (2005; 2006) 622/155 Mb/s down/up, 5-30 Mb/s per user, 35 $/month SBC and Bell South: situation remains unclear; no specific actions to be seen > Asia-Pacific : Korea : moving from DSL to FTTH ; China to be seen > Europe : Italy : FastWeb in 6 cities, users Sweden : several small networks, Fiber-from-the-Home France, Netherlands : several small networks Germany : EWEtel deploys FTTH in northern countries of Germany since 2004 UK : BT plans FTTP field trial for 3000 residentials and >100 business users Presentation Title 8
9 Outline > Observations about FTTH in the market > The technology > Deployment issues > Conclusion Presentation Title 9
10 FTTH solutions > FTTH = FTTU = FTTP =... (Fibre-to-the-home / -user / -premises... ) > 3 solutions with different properties and requirements on infrastructure, hardware, service transport : xpon passive star Optical Ethernet active star Optical Ethernet point-to-point CO (central office) CO Remote Node CO > Common requirement for all 3 spolutions: support triple play services (voice / data / video) Presentation Title 10
11 The need for aggregation > LEx and OSP requirements for large scale FTTH deployment on average subscribers per LEx (residential + business) without aggregation, i.e. point-to-point: fibres = cables with 288 fibers 10 MDF racks needed OLT racks needed with aggregation, i.e. point-to-multipoint (1:32 split) fibers = 2 cables with 288 fibres 2 MDF racks needed 2 OLT racks needed 7340 P-OLT shelf up to 4 PONs / LIM 2048 subs / shelf 3 shelves / rack Presentation Title 11
12 Alcatel 7340 FTTU : Fibre to the User (BPON) Central Office or Remote Terminal Fibre Distribution Passive Outside Plant 7340 EMS 20 km POTS Inter net 7340 P-OLT 1,490 nm 622 (1244) Mb/s Splitters POTS POTS 1,310 nm 155 Mb/s POTS 7340 V-OLT 1,550 nm 7340 H-ONT HPNA 10/100 Base-T to Class 5 Switch 7310 Voice Gateway Voice, data and video over single fiber (bidirectional) WDM over 3 wavelengths / 1310 / 1550 nm 622 (1244) /155 Mb/s data rate over 2 wavelengths UPS RJ-11 RJ-45 Coax CATV or DBS separate wavelength for video (el. cable-tv spectrum) Presentation Title subscriber per PON, 20 km reach
13 The PON-abc > STM-PON ITU-T G.982 (ed. 1996) up to 2 Mb/s /user > APON ITU-T G (ed. 1998) typ. 155/622 Mb/s > BPON ITU-T G (ed. 2001) APON + RF video > EPON IEEE 802.3ah... (ed. 2004) 1 Gb/s net rate or early non-ieee Japanese PON 100 Mb/s net rate > GE-PON Japanese wording for IEEE 802.3ah compliant EPON to distinguish 1 Gb/s from 100 Mb/s version > GPON ITU-T G (ed. 2003) up to Gb/s Presentation Title 13
14 The future : GPON and EPON specifications Presentation Title 14 GPON EPON linerate downstream 1244 / 2488 Mb/s 1250 Mb/s upstream 155 / 622 / 1244 / (2488) Mb/s 1250 Mb/s split factor 1:64 (128) ONUs 1:16 ONUs link length 60 km max. / 20 km differ. 10 km or 20 km (max. 20 / 25 / 30 db atten. with 15 db differ. for class A / B / C) WDM upstream nm nm downstream nm nm enhancement nm not specified framing fixed 125 µsec frames flexible grant cycles (up- and downstream) (typ. 1 msec) Layer 2 protocol ATM and GEM Ethernet FEC, DBA, encyption all included only FEC optional
15 PON transceivers for ONT : major cost factor at ONT SFF style case (Infineon samples) Presentation Title 15
16 Physical layer challenges in PON > Burst mode receiver for upstream at OLT : specific challenge for GPON high dynamic range of Rx power GPON : P opt = 21 db short recovery time between bursts GPON : 32 bit = 26 ns long sequences of identical bits GPON : CID 72 bits > No low cost lasers for ONT at high bitrates on long links: specific challenge for EPON mode partition noise limits use of low cost Fabry-Perot lasers to 10 km reach at 1.25 Gbit/s Presentation Title 16
17 Video service delivery in PONs > Further trend towards higher quality : HDTV is happening today > Video services will increasingly shift from mainly broadcast downstream to unicast bidirectional services with real time requirements video-meeting / gaming /... > Transport options : broadcast WDM overlay ( nm) RF cable spectrum analog + digital channels (fiber performance and Raman crosstalk!) over baseband IP unicast inband (in data channel) over baseband IP bidirectional Presentation Title 17
18 GPON and EPON in the market > GPON as successor to BPON : well suited to telecoms network due to common ATM base and adaptation to telecoms needs in terms of QoS features equally well suited to data and NGN due to native Ethernet transport (in GEM) > EPON as extension of Ethernet to p2mp networks: well suited to packet transport networks by native Ethernet protocol adaptations needed to support classical telecom services (and video) only basic QoS support on Layer 2 (via VLAN-tagging) > However: EPON will be first on the market early adopters and new entrants will chose EPON (e.g. Asia-Pacific) telcos with their legacy protocols and network equipment will consider GPON as natural successor or complement to their existing network (US? to be seen) Presentation Title 18
19 FTTH based on switched Ethernet Telephony voice network Metro-Access-Network V5.2 PoP Video Server TV IP Internet N x 1000BASE-LX over SMF L2/3 Switch Router L2/3 Sitch 1000BASE-LX over SMF Remote Node L2/3 Switch 100BASE-FX over SMF Headend a/b TV Ethernet Voice, data und video over single fiber (bidirectional) analog Tel. set-top box WDM over 2 wavelengths / 1550 nm PC/VoIP 100 Mb/s optical Ethernet per subscriber Voice and video over IP/Ethernet Presentation Title 19 Scalable subscriber # and reach (typ. 150 subs per Remote Node, up to 20 km from POP)
20 Switched Ethernet for FTTH : pros and cons > Pro: relies on proven and established IEEE Ethernet technology (standard now includes also optical links over SMF and MMF for 100 Mb/s) expected to be low cost due to widespread deployment in LANs (and MAN) interoperability of equipment guaranteed (?): especially important aspect for the CPE market > Con: needs temperature stabilized outdoor enclosures and onsite electrical powering no support for traditional RF video Ethernet is a basic Layer 2 protocol: QoS and security aspects are only partly supported needs additional support from higher layers transport of legacy protocols needs special adaptation Presentation Title 20
21 Outline > Observations about FTTH in the market > The technology > Deployment issues > Conclusion Presentation Title 21
22 Network deployment aspects > Deployment of fiber infrastructure is the most expensive part aerial deployments simplify deployment in US and Asia-Pacific as compared to Europe alternative Right-of-Way solutions as an option (utility companies, municipalities) generally : need for massive deployment within a dedicated program > FTTH requires more infrastructure than just the fiber outdoor equipment, electrical powering (for switched Ethernet) lifeline support : to be revised connection and adaptation to service core networks: additional gateways to classical voice and video networks common management system > Choice of video solution is an essential aspect of network layout > Anticipate future migration paths to other protocols, higher data rates etc., incl. capacity upgrades by WDM Presentation Title 22
23 Political aspects > Regulatory uncertainties prevent operators from deploying: after US FCC had decided not to unbundle the RBOC s future fiber access networks the joint RFP was issued China and others in AsiaPacific: presently no way for triple play from one single operator; negotiations ongoing to change this regulation deregulated markets favour competition between multiple players thus encouraging them to deploy most advanced technology > National programs / visions: direct or indirect funding (tax reductions); cf. Sweden, US, Korea national broadband policy; cf. South-Korea, US,... Presentation Title 23
24 Fiber monitoring > Large scale deployment of fibers requires means for supervision and monitoring of fiber performance also during operation > Traditional approach : use extra OTDR equipment (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer); expensive and service interrupts; hence only used in case of fiber failures > Alternative approach : move OTDR functionality into optical transceiver modules upgrade node equipment to support OTDR fiber monitoring detailed presentation on embedded OTDR concept on ITG conference Kommunikationskabel on 6./ in Cologne Presentation Title 24
25 Outline > Observations about FTTH in the market > The technology > Deployment issues > Conclusion Presentation Title 25
26 Conclusion > Market : Japan is leading FTTH deployment In US the competition between cable-operators and telecoms favours FTTH deployment Europe : no national programs nor seriously competing technology forces large operators to consider large scale FTTH deployment, instead focus on DSL fiber only in small regional networks > Competing FTTH technologies : BPON vs. Switched Ethernet GPON vs. EPON vs. Switched Ethernet > Nationwide FTTH deployment needs political commitments and big players involvements Presentation Title 26
27 Presentation Title 27
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