Virtualization for Future Internet

Transcription

1 Virtualization for Future Internet Korea University Chuck Yoo

2 Why Virtualization Internet today Pro and con Your wonderful research results Mostly with simulation Deployment impossible Virtualization i Aim to set you free Thus, center piece to future internet Korea University, Operating Systems Lab. ( 2

3 Life before Virtualization Testbeds Production: Internet2 Research: DETER Overlay Mainly incremental changes tlab Centered around specific problem to solve No interaction between overlays NO major architectural innovation Korea University, Operating Systems Lab. ( 3

4 Contents Virtualization introduction Related work in Virtualization Xen Embedded System Virtualization Network Virtualization Router Virtualization XEN for Router Virtualization Summary & Reference Korea University, Operating Systems Lab. ( 4

5 What is Virtualization? General meaning An abstraction of resources that provides a logical rather than an actual physical incarnation of those resources Such resources are: CPU, storage, network, etc. Introduced to fully utilize mainframes in 1960s Could run several projects on a single mainframe Has been extended to several areas System Virtualization Consumer Electronics Storage Virtualization Cloud Computing Network Virtualization Future Internet Korea University, Operating Systems Lab. ( 5

6 Virtualization Features Decoupling: minimizes dependency between software and hardware Provides S/W portability App 1 App n App 1 App n Windows Hardware Linux Virtualization Layer Isolation: Each OS uses own App 1 App n App 1 App n virtual resources independently Windows Linux Provides reliability and Virtualization Layer fault-tolerancetolerance Hardware Korea University, Operating Systems Lab. ( 6

7 Virtualization Features Consolidation: consolidates multiple similar machines into one machine Reduces H/W cost App 1 App n App 1 App n App 1 App n App 1 App n Windows Hardware Linux Hardware Windows Linux Virtualization Layer Hardware Korea University, Operating Systems Lab. ( 7

8 Virtualization Architecture Virtual Machine (VM) Self-contained software execution environment Guest OS runs over a virtual machine Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) Supervises virtual machines Interacts t with physical hardware Korea University, Operating Systems Lab. ( 8

9 Related work in Virtualization Xen Embedded System Virtualization

10 Recent Virtualization(Xen) Xen Hypervisor University of Cambridge Para-virtualization modifies partially guest OS to improve Xen performance hypercall Hypercalls are defined as a virtual machine interface Split-driver model device drivers are at a special domain (Domain0) to improve system reliability Korea University, Operating Systems Lab. ( 10

11 Xen: Interrupt Handling (Network, I/O) VM0 Guest OS0 Physical Device Driver (ISR processing) Intr. dispatch Xeno back-end (Inter-VM communication IO ring, grant table) VM1 Guest OS1 Xeno front-end (Inter-VM communication) Intr. dispatch VCPU Event chn. VCPU Event chn. Xen-ARM hypervisor ISR Physical interrupt Korea University, Operating Systems Lab. ( 11

12 Xen: TCP performance for GigE today * Nov. 2007, Xen summit (HP) Xen split driver can sustain peak throughput on GigE But Xen uses significantly more CPU cycles than Linux Less available cycles for application 10 Gig networks: CPU saturation prevents achieving line rate Need to reduce I/O virtualization overhead in Xen networking Korea University, Operating Systems Lab. ( 12

13 Embedded System Virtualization Currently hot research topic in virtualization New requirements Real-time support, Multi-core support, Power efficiency, etc. Event miss! Virtual time Physical time Identical Programming Model Energy Efficient i VM architecture MP3 OFF VM Shutdown Guest OS Para virtualized GOS VMM H/W VMM H/W rex nucleus nucleus VMM rex Guest OS VMM Guest OS Physical time *GOS=Guest OS ARM11 ARM9 Multi-core H/W Korea University, Operating Systems Lab. ( 13

14 Embedded System Virtualization Topics Xen on ARM Samsung Electronics S/W Lab. Embedded S/W Platform Virtualization Real-time Xen Supports real-time for embedded mobile devices based on Xen on ARM Provides real-time scheduling between guest OSes Supports user RTOS Considers power efficiency Korea University, Operating Systems Lab. ( 14

15 Embedded System Virtualization Example MobiVMM (MobiVirt 08) New VMM for mobile phones Supports mobile multi-core processors such as ARM11 MPCore Provides multi-core load balancing by modified credit scheduler Korea University, Operating Systems Lab. ( 15

16 Embedded System Virtualization Korea University status MobiVMM Run two guest OSes with MobiVMM over multi-core environments - Demo is available at Feb Xen Summit presentation Real-time Para-virtualized uc/os-ii (RTOS) for Xen on ARM contributed to Xen community Source code is available at Korea University, Operating Systems Lab. ( 16

17 Network Virtualization Router Virtualization

18 Router Virtualization Network virtualization environment Physical node Virtual node Service Virtual provider 2 network 2 Physical link Virtual link Child virtual network Recursion Service provider 1 Virtual network 1 Parent virtual network Infrastructure Infrastructure provider 1 provider 2 Korea University, Operating Systems Lab. ( 18

19 Router Virtualization Architecture Contro ol Management Routing Protocol Management Routing Protocol Management User define protocol RIB RIB RIB Forwarding Engine Virtualization Layer Forwarding Engine *RIB : Routing Information Base Korea University, Operating Systems Lab. ( 19

20 Router Virtualization Advantages Multiple concurrent network architectures Innovation in network architecture design Decoupling the providers from the physical network Excellent platform for experimentation Rolling out new and unstable solutions without risk Independent and flexible management Resource sharing Lower hardware and support cost Korea University, Operating Systems Lab. ( 20

21 Router Virtualization Requirements High performance Flexibility, Modularity, Scalability and Programmability Isolation provided by the each virtual machine Efficient resource allocation Minimized virtualization overhead Korea University, Operating Systems Lab. ( 21

22 Router Virtualization H/W based router virtualization(netfpga, OpenFlow) Feature Limited service deployment & number of virtual machine Almost no effect of performance degradation by virtualization Limited network flexibility due to H/W Difficulty of application to different protocol policy Limitations of scalability Korea University, Operating Systems Lab. ( 22

23 Router Virtualization S/W based router virtualization(linux-vserver, Xen, Open Vz) Feature Low forwarding performance Flexibility, Scalability better than H/W based virtual router Can be applied to various protocol policy Isolation issues between virtual machines Fairness issues in software virtual routers Static, Configurable, Customizable virtual forwarding plane Korea University, Operating Systems Lab. ( 23

24 Router Virtualization S/W based router virtualization 1. Container based 2. Hypervisor based User space Control User space Control User space Control User space Control User space Control User space Control Kernel space Kernel space Kernel space Kernel space Forwarding Forwarding Forwarding Forwarding Forwarding Hypervisor Forwarding Memory domain Control-forwarding interface User space Control User space Control User space Control Network interface Kernel space Kernel space Kernel space 24 Hypervisor

25 Router Virtualization S/W based router virtualization Container based Vs. Hypervisor based(split forwarding plane) Type of S/W router Performance Container based(open Vz) 7.1 Mpps Hypervisor based(xen) 6.8Mpps( 4% overhead) Reference: LANCASTER Univ. Computing department Korea University, Operating Systems Lab. ( 25

26 Router Virtualization Summary Type Merit Demerit H/W Performance close to native Linux Difficulty of flexibility, scalability S/W Container Excellent tflexibility, Difficulty of isolation between VMs scalability Low routing performance (Better than hypervisor type) Hypervisor Isolation, reliability Low routing performance Korea University, Operating Systems Lab. ( 26

27 Summary Virtualization technology Starts from system virtualization Has been extended to embedded system, storage, network virtualization, etc. Virtualization for router Hardware and software approaches need a better approach Toward dynamic and reconfigurable virtual network Korea University, Operating Systems Lab. ( 27

28 Reference [1] J. Smith and R. Nair, Virtual Machines: Versatile Platforms for Systems and Processes (The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Computer Architecture and Design), USA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers inc., [2] G. J. Popek and R. P. Goldberg, Formal requirements for virtualizable third generation architectures, Commun. ACM, vol. 17, no. 7. pp , [3] P. Barham, B. Dragovic, K. Fraser, S. Hand, T. Harris, A. Ho, R. Neugebauer, I. Pratt, and A. Warfield, Xen and the Art of Virtualization, Proc. ACM SOSP, [4] J. Sugerman, G. Venkitachalam, and B.-H. Lim, Virtualizing I/O devices on vmware workstation s hosted virtual machine monitor, Proc. USENIX ATC, [5] N. M. Mosharaf Kabir Chowdhury, and R. Boutaba, Network Virtualization: State of the Art and Research Challenges, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 47, no. 7, pp , [6] X. Chen, Z. M. Mao, and J. V. Merwe, ShadowNet: A Platform for Rapid and Safe Network Evolution, Proc. USENIX ATC, [7] Norbert Egi, Adam Greenhalgh, Mark Handley, Towards high performance virtual routers on commodity hardware, ACM CoNEXT, [8] Norbert Egi, Adam Greenhalgh, Mickael Hoerdt, "A Platform for High Performance and Flexible Virtual Routers on Commodity Hardware", SIGCOMM 2009, Korea University, Operating Systems Lab. ( 28

29 감사합니다. Operating Systems Lab. Korea University ( 29