JWST and the Solar System
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1 JWST and the Solar System P. Ferruit (ESA JWST project scientist) Presentation based on work and presentations done/prepared by the JWST solar system working group and a set of 10 focus groups (more later). Slide #1
2 Table of contents Before talking about science. Groups, who s who White paper, resources A few generic points Moving targets Reminder on the visibilities. Some size and surf. brightness numbers for reference On the bright side A superficial tour (using slides from the focus groups). Big and bright. Moons galore. Rocks in space. Ice is nice. Timeline & conclusion Great observatory, community organisation. Slide #2
3 JWST solar system working group I am the intruder. I brought in the NIRSpec expertise only Slide #3
4 JWST solar system focus groups Great work by Stefanie Milam who has been organising this work and got things going. Participation of some European scientists to these working groups. Slide #4
5 JWST solar system advisory group for STScI Different type of role. Advising STScI to help making sure everything will be in place for solar system observations. Group set up by John Stansberry at STScI. Slide #5
6 White paper - resources Recommended starting point: the solar system white paper In Norwood et al. 2014, Solar system observations with JWST. A page dedicated to solar system observation with JWST Flyers Slide #6
7 Generic points observing moving targets with JWST JWST capability: Able to track moving targets with an apparent rate of motion up to 30 mas / s. Pointing stability for moving target observations of 50 mas (3 sigma). To be compared to 21 mas for normal observations. à Good coverage of solar system objects. Solar system observations with JWST, Norwood et al., 2014, white paper Slide #7
8 Generic points - visibility constraints Remember the generic JWST talk of yesterday. The need to keep the telescope and the instruments in the shadow of the sunshield restricts the possible telescope orientations and defines the field of regard of the telescope. The ecliptic plane where most of the solar system observations will take place is a fairly special place. And do not forget, you can only observe the outer solar system Nothing within the Earth orbit (and if you see the Earth something is really wrong ). MARS focus group Slide #8
9 Generic points - visibility constraints CVZ = continuous viewing zone around the ecliptic poles Slide #9
10 Generic points - visibility constraints Along the ecliptic: restricted range of orientations, 2 windows per year, long time with the same orientation (~50 days). You are here Slide #10
11 Generic points - visibility constraints MARS focus group Slide #11
12 Generic points some size and surface brightness numbers Just to give you an idea of the expected size and surface brightnesses one can expect when observing planets in the near/ mid-infrared. Solar system observations with JWST, Norwood et al., 2014, white paper Slide #12
13 Generic points some size and surface brightness numbers HST spatial resolution in the near-infrared. Cannot be compared to what you get when you orbit a planet but still very good. Solar system observations with JWST, Norwood et al., 2014, white paper Slide #13
14 Generic points on the bright side For many targets in the solar system, one really really has to worry about saturation limits. Imaging with NIRCam Solar system observations with JWST, Norwood et al., 2014, white paper Slide #14
15 Generic points on the bright side Spectroscopy with NIRSpec IFU Solar system observations with JWST, Norwood et al., 2014, white paper Slide #15
16 Generic points on the bright side Spectroscopy with NIRSpec SLIT using subarrays. Solar system observations with JWST, Norwood et al., 2014, white paper Slide #16
17 Generic points on the bright side Imaging with MIRI using subarrays Big & bright presentation, DPS 2014 Slide #17
18 Science examples Sparse sampling of science cases Contents stolen from the presentations from the focus groups at the DPS in 2014 and from the white paper. See: jwst-solar-system-meetings-docs Slide #18
19 Big and bright MARS focus group MARS focus group, presentation at the DPS in 2014 Slide #19
20 Big and bright MARS focus group MARS focus group, presentation at the DPS in 2014 Slide #20
21 Big and bright Giant planets Getting in surface brightness ranges where life is easier... Sensitivity, spatial resolution, wavelength coverage. Type of studies: Cloud structure; tracking methane variations; thermal properties (MIRI). Chemical abundance maps. Looking at hydrocarbons. Solar system observations with JWST, Norwood et al., 2014, white paper MARS focus group, presentation at the DPS in 2014 Slide #21
22 Moons galore As for the giant planets, infrared spectroscopy is a powerful tool. Example with Titan. See also e.g. Europa in the white paper. Moons galore, presentation at the DPS in 2014 Slide #22
23 Moons galore Moons galore, presentation at the DPS in 2014 Slide #23
24 Moons galore Moons galore, presentation at the DPS in 2014 Slide #24
25 Rocks in space (forget the bright guys! Almost ) unique wavelength coverage spatial resolution sensitivity Rocks in space, presentation at the DPS in 2014 Slide #25
26 Rocks in space (start to forget the bright guys!) Extensive wavelength coverage at good S/N for small asteroids. Getting reflectance & emission. Saturation will start to become a problem with MIRI for the big guys Rocks in space, presentation at the DPS in 2014 Slide #26
27 Ice is nice Ice is nice, presentation at the DPS in 2014 Slide #27
28 Comets Ice is nice, presentation at the DPS in 2014 Slide #28
29 TNOs/KBOs Ice is nice, presentation at the DPS in 2014 Slide #29
30 TNOs/KBOs Ice is nice, presentation at the DPS in 2014 Slide #30
31 TNOs/KBOs Ice is nice, presentation at the DPS in 2014 Slide #31
32 TNOs/KBOs Ice is nice, presentation at the DPS in 2014 Slide #32
33 TNOs/KBOs Ice is nice, presentation at the DPS in 2014 Slide #33
34 Conclusions Great observatory Organisation of the community I hope that this fairly sparse sampling of solar system science case examples by a speaker with a very superficial knowledge of solar system science has convinced you that JWST will be a powerful tool to study our solar system. Very structured groups on the US side already but they are very open. Participate to the focus groups. Opportunities for discussion. Exploring the Universe with JWST at ESA/ESTEC (12-16 October 2015). è solar system sessions. Joint DPS/EPSC meeting in More? Slide #34
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