Missione ESA-JAXA BepiColombo. Partecipazione Italiana: Progetti e Opportunità. Stefano Orsini (INAF-IAPS)

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2 Missione ESA-JAXA BepiColombo Partecipazione Italiana: Progetti e Opportunità Stefano Orsini (INAF-IAPS) SAIt - Società Astronomica Italiana 57 Congresso Bologna, 7-10 maggio 2013 ESA UNCLASSIFIED For Internal Use

(INAF-IAPS) SAIt - Società Astronomica Italiana 57

3 The BepiColombo fleet MMO MPO

4 Spacecraft Status SWG#10, March 6, 2013 MPO Flight Model mechanical and propulsion bus delivered MPO vacuum bake-out completed Flight model harness for MPO delivered and ready for integration MTM Flight Model mechanical and propulsion bus in integration MPO FM and MTM STM MPO FM at Phenix facility MPO FM harness

for MPO delivered and ready for integration MTM Flight Model mechanical and

5 Spacecraft Status 2 SWG#10, March 6, 2013 MTM STM: mass properties test and thermal balance test at 10 Solar Constants completed. System functional tests on Spacecraft Engineering Test Bench continuing with delivery and integration of the MMO Electrical Model Payload FM delivery: mid-2013 beginning Delta-CDR: September LAUNCH: MID-2016 (TBC) ETB at Friedrichshafen

System functional tests on Spacecraft Engineering Test Bench continuing with delivery and

6 BepiColombo Instruments

7 ASI science management BC Italian scientific team SIMBIO-Sys Stereo Camera - STC High Res.Cam. - HRIC Vis-IR imag.spec.-vihi TM & System ISA MORE SERENA Elena PHEBUS MIXS MEA SIXS PI E. ASI P. Uniparthenope E. Mazzotta INAF-OAC F. INAF-IAPS M.C. De INAF-IAPS G. INAF-IAPS G. INAF-IAPS V. INAF-IAPS F. INAF-IAPS R. INAF-IAPS D. INAF-IAPS S. INAF-IAPS A. INAF-IAPS E. De INAF-IAPS A. INAF-IAPS S. CNR-ISC R. CNR-IFN C. UniPg M. INAF-IAPS M. INAF-IAPS G. INAF-OAPd V. Da CNR-IFN UOS G. UniPd CISAS M.T. INAF-IAPS S. UniPd CISAS E. UniPd CISAS M. UniPd CISAS C. UniPd CISAS A. UniPd CISAS L. UniRoma P. UniBO A. UniPI P. UniPd Dip.II M.G. CNR-IFN UOS E. INAF-IAPS

Iafolla @ INAF-IAPS F. Santoli @ INAF-IAPS R. Peron @ INAF-IAPS D. Lucchesi @ INAF-IAPS S. Orsini @ INAF-IAPS A. Milillo @ INAF-IAPS E. De Angelis @ INAF-IAPS A. Mura @ INAF-IAPS S. Selci @ CNR-ISC R.

8 SIMBIO-SYS (PI: Enrico. Flamini, ASI) The SIMBIO-SYS (Spectrometer and Imagers for MPO BepiColombo Integrated Observatory SYStem) instrument architecture is based on 3 different optical channels sharing a common Main Electronics and PDU. HRIC Local mapping at high resolution with colour capabilities. Spatial resolution 5-10 periherm Filters: pan, 550, 750, 880 nm. STC Global stereo mapping and DTM reconstruction. Spatial resolution 50 periherm Filters: pan, 420, 550, 750, 920 nm. Flamini et al. PSS 58, 2010 VIHI Global mineralogical mapping; Spatial resolution 100 periherm Spectral coverage µm with 6.25nm resolution

channels sharing a common Main Electronics and PDU. HRIC Local mapping at high resolution with colour capabilities.

SIMBIO-SYS Package Co-PI Gabriele Cremonese Co-PI Pasquale Palumbo Co-PI Fabrizio Capaccioni STC overall responsibility HRIC overall responsibility VIHI overall responsibility IAS orsay Co-PI Yves

9 SIMBIO-SYS Package Co-PI Gabriele Cremonese Co-PI Pasquale Palumbo Co-PI Fabrizio Capaccioni STC overall responsibility HRIC overall responsibility VIHI overall responsibility IAS orsay Co-PI Yves Langevin Main Electronics Calibration at package level Co-PI Alain Doressoundiram VIHI proximity electronics FPA procurement & Calibration TM Stefano Debei Instrument architecture Thermal and structural design Scientific Req. Implementation INDUSTRY SELEX GALILEO

Electronics Calibration at package level Co-PI Alain Doressoundiram VIHI proximity electronics FPA procurement &

10 Stereo Channel(STC) 1. Global mapping in stereo mode at spatial resolution of < 110 m, max resolution of 50 m per pixel at the periherm (400 km) 2. Mapping in four colours at spatial resolution of < 110 m Science goal: Digital Elevation Model of Mercury Surface

11 High Resolution Imaging Channel (HRIC) Targeting operation mode on selected interesting areas Science goal Geomorphology characterization of selected areas Mineralogy mapping at small scales Acquisition conditions 400 < h < 690 km Periside Phase angle < < h < 545 km Periside Phase angle < 50 Expected resolution 5 8 m STC VIHI BELA m STC VIHI Coordination with IAS orsay

scales Acquisition conditions 400 < h < 690 km Periside Phase angle < 90 400 < h < 545 km

12 Visible and Infrared Hyperspectral Imager (VIHI) IAS orsay

13 The Mercury Orbiter Radio-science Experiment (MORE) addresses the mission scientific goals in geodesy, geophysics and fundamental physics. It will: MORE Provide crucial experimental constrains to models of the planet s internal structure, determine the size of the inner and outer core, the thickness of the mantle and the crust. Test theories of gravity with unprecedented accuracy Test the novel tracking system in precise orbit determination and space navigation PI: Luciano Iess, Univ. La Sapienza Scientific Goals Gravity Rotation Relativity Harmonic coefficients up to degree 25 Love number k 2 Moment of inertia of the planet and its mantle Rotational state of the planet Post-Newtonian parameters Solar gravitational oblateness ( J 2 )

crust. Test theories of gravity with unprecedented accuracy Test the novel tracking system in precise orbit determination and space navigation PI: Luciano Iess, Univ.

14 On board instrumentation High gain antenna (diameter = 1 m) Two trasponders: - X/X/Ka Deep Space Transponder (DST) - Ka/Ka Deep Space Transponder (KaT) X Ka X Ka End to end Allan deviation: 1000s Range rate: 3 μm/s s (two way) Range: 20 cm accuracy (two way)

Transponder (KaT) X Ka X Ka End to end Allan deviation: 1.

15 A system-level experiment Ka Transponder TT&C subsystem: -High gain antenna (HGA) - RF network -X/X/Ka Deep Space Transponder (DST) ISA tri-axial accelerometer Ground station equipment and ancillary data AOCS subsystem High resolution camera (SIMBIO-SYS) Laser altimeter (BELA) Specific Radio Science Ka/Ka link for precise Doppler and ranging measurements X/X and X/Ka link for Doppler and ranging measurements Precise measurements of nongravitational acceleration Simultaneous tracking of the spacecraft by the X/X, X/Ka and Ka/Ka frequency links and calibration of the tropospheric effects Attitude reconstruction Determination of Mercury s rotational state Geodesy experiment Participating Institutions in Italy: Sapienza Università di Roma Università di Pisa Università di Bologna High precision data Accurate orbit determination Experiment goals

measurements Precise measurements of nongravitational acceleration Simultaneous tracking of the spacecraft by the X/X, X/Ka and Ka/Ka frequency links and calibration of the tropospheric effects

16 ISA (Italian Spring Accelerometer) (P.I.: V. Iafolla, IAPS-INAF) is part of the BepiColombo suite of instruments dedicated to RSE (Radio Science Experiments) By measuring the non-gravitational perturbations acting on the MPO spacecraft, it will enable an accurate reconstruction of its gravitational orbit around Mercury, in order to: Constrain the internal structure of the planet (measurement of global gravity field and of its temporal variations due to solar tides, local gravity anomalies, rotation state) Test Einstein General Relativity theory (improved determination of PNP) parameters) ISA performance Measurement bandwidth Hz Intrinsic noise m/s 2 / Hz Measurement accuracy m/s 2 Dynamics m/s 2 A/D converter saturation m/s 2 Courtesy TAS-I The instrument is an ensemble of three one-axis sensors arranged in such a way to measure the acceleration vector acting on it

enable an accurate reconstruction of its gravitational orbit around Mercury, in order to: Constrain the internal structure of the planet (measurement of global gravity field and of its temporal

17 ISA will be the first among such type of instruments to fly on an interplanetary mission Decennal experience of the Experimental Gravitation Group (IAPS- INAF) in: Measurement of small forces Fundamental physics tests Geophysical instrumentation Courtesy TAS-I Control capacitors Courtesy TAS-I Pick up capacitors Proof mass Given its high sensitivity, the instrument pushes the requirements on the spacecraft in terms of dynamical environment (mechanical and thermal noise) In practice, its proof masses will constitute a virtual test mass freely falling in the gravitational field of Mercury

Pick up capacitors Proof mass Given its high sensitivity, the instrument pushes the requirements on the spacecraft in terms of dynamical environment

SERENA Search for Exospheric Refilling and Emitted Natural Abundances Neutral and Ionized Particle Detectors for Hermean Environment Investigations S. Orsini (PI), S.

Kallio (SGS), and the SERENA TEAM ELENA: Emitted Low Energy Neutral Atoms Neutral particle emission form Mercury s surface STROFIO: Exososphere Mass Spectrometer Exospheric

18 SERENA Search for Exospheric Refilling and Emitted Natural Abundances Neutral and Ionized Particle Detectors for Hermean Environment Investigations S. Orsini (PI), S. Livi (CoPI-STROFIO), K. Torkar (CoPI-PICAM), S. Barabash (CoPI-MIPA) A. Milillo (PI Dep., Sci. Coord.), P. Wurz (Sci. Coord.), A. Olivieri (ASI PM), E. Kallio (SGS), and the SERENA TEAM ELENA: Emitted Low Energy Neutral Atoms Neutral particle emission form Mercury s surface STROFIO: Exososphere Mass Spectrometer Exospheric density and composition PICAM: Planetary Ion CAMera Planetary ions composition and distribution MIPA:Miniature Ion Precipitation Analyzer Solar wind ion precipitation INDUSTRY: OHB-CGS (Milano) & AMDL (Roma)

19 MIPA SERENA Search for Exospheric Refilling and Emitted Natural Abundances ELENA Neutral and Ionized Particle Detectors for Hermean Environment Investigations S. Orsini (PI), S. Livi (CoPI-STROFIO), K. Torkar (CoPI-PICAM), S. Barabash (CoPI-MIPA) A. Milillo (PI Dep., Sci. Coord.), P. Wurz (Sci. Coord.), A. Olivieri (ASI PM), E. Kallio (SGS), and the SERENA TEAM ELENA: Emitted Low Energy Neutral Atoms Neutral particle emission form Mercury s surface STROFIO: Exososphere Mass Spectrometer Exospheric density and composition PICAM: Planetary Ion CAMera Planetary ions composition and distribution MIPA:Miniature Ion Precipitation Analyzer Solar wind ion precipitation PICAM INDUSTRY: OHB-CGS (Milano) & AMDL (Roma) STROFIO

ELENA is a Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensor, based on the state-of-the art of ultra-sonic oscillating shutter (operated at frequencies of the order of tens of khz), mechanical gratings and Micro-Channel

The purpose of the shuttering system is to digitize space and time when tagging the incoming particles without introducing disturbing detector elements, which may affect the particle s trajectory or

20 ELENA is a Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensor, based on the state-of-the art of ultra-sonic oscillating shutter (operated at frequencies of the order of tens of khz), mechanical gratings and Micro-Channel Plate (MCP) detectors. The purpose of the shuttering system is to digitize space and time when tagging the incoming particles without introducing disturbing detector elements, which may affect the particle s trajectory or the energy. This is particularly important in this case, in which neutrals of energies of a few tens of evs must be detected. Parameter Required Actual Energy range < kev <0.01 5keV(mass dependent) Velocity resolution v/v 10% Soft X-ray Down to 10% Viewing angle 5 o x70 o 4.5 o x76 o Angular resolution 5 o x5 o 4.5 o x4.5 o (actual) 4.5 x2.4 (nominal pixel) Mass resolution M/ M H and heavy species H and heavy species Optimal temporal resolution <5 m 40 s Geometric factor G 10 5 cm 2 sr cm 2 sr Integral Geometric factor Ion beam_1kev cm 2 sr

21 BepiColombo BC will allow us a step ahead in our understanding of Mercury and will be the base of our studies for many years. Huge Italian community is involved in the effort, covering many of the technical and scientific fields of this mission: from this point of view, BC is certainly an Italy-lead ESA mission. Next steps: payload FM delivery, system delta-cdr (September 2013), launch by mid-2016 (or earlier, TBD)

The Optical Design of the High Resolution Imaging Channel for the SIMBIO-SYS experiment on the BepiColombo Mission to Mercury

Mem. S.A.It. Suppl. Vol. 12, 77 c SAIt 2008 Memorie della Supplementi The Optical Design of the High Resolution Imaging Channel for the SIMBIO-SYS experiment on the BepiColombo Mission to Mercury G. Marra